Table of Contents
1 Basic Principles
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Characteristics of Open Channel Flow
1.3 Solution of Open Channel Flow Problems
1.4 Purpose
1.5 Historical Background
1.6 Definitions
1.7 Basic Equations
1.8 A Note on Turbulence
1.9 Surface versus Form Resistance
1.10 Dimensional Analysis
1.11 Computer Programs
2 Specific Energy
2.1 Definition of Specific Energy
2.2 Specific Energy Diagram
2.3 Choke
2.4 Discharge Diagram
2.5 Contractions and Expansions with Head Loss
2.6 Critical Depth in Nonrectangular Sections
2.7 Overbank Flow
2.8 Weirs
2.9 Energy Equation in a Stratified Flow
3 Momentum
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Hydraulic Jump
3.3 Stilling Basins
3.4 Surges
3.5 Bridge Piers
3.6 Spur Dikes
3.7 Supercritical Transitions
4 Uniform Flow
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Dimensional Analysis
4.3 Momentum Analysis
4.4 Background of the Chezy and Manning Formulas
4.5 Turbulence and Flow Resistance
4.6 Discussion of Factors Affecting f and n
4.7 Selection of Manning’s n in Natural Channels
4.8 Channels with Composite Roughness
4.9 Uniform Flow Computations
4.10 Partly Full Flow in Smooth, Circular Conduits
4.11 Street Gutter Flow
4.12 Gravity Sewer Design
4.13 Compound Channels
4.14 Design of Channels with Flexible Linings
4.15 Slope Classification
4.16 Flood Control Channels
4.17 Dimensionally Homogeneous Manning’s Formula
4.18 Channel Photographs
5 Gradually Varied Flow
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Equation of Gradually Varied Flow
5.3 Classification of Water Surface Profiles
5.4 Lake Discharge Problem
5.5 Water Surface Profile Computation
5.6 Distance Determined from Depth Changes
5.7 Depth Computed from Distance Changes
5.8 Natural Channels
5.9 Floodway Encroachment Analysis
5.10 Bresse Solution
5.11 Spatially Varied Flow
6 Hydraulic Structures
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Spillways
6.3 Spillway Aeration
6.4 Stepped Spillways
6.5 Culverts
6.6 Bridges
7 Governing Equations of Unsteady Flow
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Derivation of Saint-Venant Equations
7.3 Transformation to Characteristic Form
7.4 Mathematical Interpretation of Characteristics
7.5 Initial and Boundary Conditions
7.6 Simple Wave
8 Numerical Solution of the Unsteady Flow Equations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Method of Characteristics
8.3 Boundary Conditions
8.4 Explicit Finite Difference Methods
8.5 Implicit Finite Difference Method
8.6 Comparison of Numerical Methods
8.7 Shocks
8.8 Dam-Break Problem
8.9 Practical Aspects of River Computations
9 Simplified Methods of Flow Routing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Hydrologic Routing
9.3 Kinematic Wave Routing
9.4 Diffusion Routing
9.5 Muskingum-Cunge Method
10 Flow in Alluvial Channels
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Sediment Properties
10.3 Initiation of Motion
10.4 Application to Stable Channel Design
10.5 Bed Forms
10.6 Stage-Discharge Relationships
10.7 Sediment Discharge
10.8 Streambed Adjustments and Scour
11 Three-Dimensional CFD Modeling for Open Channel Flows
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Governing Equations
11.3 Discretization of the Governing Equations
11.4 Boundary Conditions
11.5 RANS Case Study
11.6 LES Application
Appendix A Numerical Methods
Appendix B Examples of Computer Programs in MATLAB
