Description
Book SynopsisWhen Critical Issues in Psychiatry was conceived, there were several sub jects I considered to be of crucial importance in a series devoted to residents and clinicians in psychiatry, as well as to other mental health professionals. Of prominence was the pressing need for an in-depth and scholarly exam ination of the interface between medicine and psychiatry. I had been amazed to find that not a single book, to my mind, adequately addressed the psy chological symptoms and manifestations of both common and rare medical illness. It seemed to me that there was a need for a work which would achieve the following goals: First, it would assist in the differential diagnosis of functional psychiatric symptoms versus symptoms secondary to recog nized or unrecognized medical illness; second, it would elucidate the psy chological symptoms resulting from pharmacologic and other therapeutic in
Table of Contents1 Physical Illness and Psychiatric Symptoms.- Overview.- Representative Psychiatric Symptoms.- Anxiety.- Depression.- Fatigue.- Hallucinations.- References.- 2 Cardiovascular Disorders.- Heart Failure.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Arrhythmias.- Palpitations.- Arrhythmias and the Cerebral Circulation.- Diagnosis of Arrhythmias.- Blood Pressure.- Hypotension.- Hypertension.- Atherosclerotic Heart Disease.- Angina Pectoris.- Myocardial Infarction.- Syncope.- Cardiac Tumors.- Infective (Bacterial) Endocarditis.- Functional Cardiac Disorders.- Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome (MVPS).- Impotence.- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.- Carotidynia.- Giant Cell Arteritis, Temporal Arteritis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica.- Neuropsychiatric Effects of Cardiovascular Drugs.- Digitalis.- Antiarrhythmic Drugs.- Antihypertensives.- Vasopressors.- Anticoagulants.- Comment.- Cardiovascular Drug-Induced Sexual Dysfunction.- Psychotropic Drugs and Cardiovascular Disorders.- Antipsychotic Drugs.- Antianxiety Drugs.- Antidepressants—Tricyclics.- Antidepressants—Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.- Lithium.- References.- 3 Respiratory Disorders.- Respiratory Failure.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Treatment.- Acute (Adult) Respiratory Distress Syndrome.- Hyperventilation (Respiratory Alkalosis).- General Considerations.- Causes.- Pathophysiology.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Dyspnea.- General Considerations.- Causes.- Pathophysiology.- Clinical Features.- Asthma.- General Considerations.- Pathophysiology.- Clinical Features.- Assessment.- Pulmonary Embolism.- General Considerations.- Pathophysiology.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Fat Embolism.- Hiccup.- General Considerations.- Pathophysiology.- Etiology.- Treatment.- Diaphragmatic Flutter (Respiratory Myoclonus, Leeuwenhoek Disease).- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Etiology.- Treatment.- Psychotropic Drugs and Respiratory Disorders.- Antipsychotic Drugs.- Antidepressants—Tricyclics.- Antidepressants—Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.- Antianxiety Drugs.- Lithium.- Neuropsychiatric Effects of Respiratory Drugs.- Beta-adrenergic Stimulants—Isoproterenol, Ephedrine, Metaproterenol, Terbutaline, and Salbutamol.- Xanthine Bronchodilators—Theophylline, Aminophylline.- Cromolyn—Disodium Cromoglycate.- Steroids.- References.- 4 Renal Disorders.- Renal Failure.- Uremia.- Chronic Failure and Hemodialysis.- Renal Disease and Sexual Dysfunction.- Psychotropic Drugs and Renal Disorders.- Barbiturates.- Benzodiazepines.- Tricyclics.- Antipsychotic Drugs.- Lithium Carbonate.- References.- 5 Gastrointestinal Disorders.- Alimentary Tract Disorders.- Vomiting.- Dysphagia.- Globus Hystericus.- Gastric and Intestinal Disorders.- Psychotropic Drugs and Alimentary Tract Disorders.- Neuropsychiatric Effects of Alimentary Tract Drugs.- Pancreatic Disorders.- Carcinoma.- Pancreatitis.- Hepatic Disorders.- Hepatic Encephalopathy.- Posthepatitis Syndrome.- Psychotropic Drugs and the Liver.- References.- 6 Endocrine Disorders.- Adrenal Disorders.- Hyperadrenalism.- Hypoadrenalism.- Mechanisms of Neuropsychiatric Symptom Production.- Thyroid Disorders.- Laboratory Findings.- Hyperthyroidism.- Hypothyroidism.- Mechanisms of Neuropsychiatric Symptom Production.- Psychotropic Drugs and the Thyroid.- Parathyroid Disorders.- Hyperparathyroidism.- Hypoparathyroidism.- Mechanisms of Neuropsychiatric Symptom Production.- Psychotropic Drugs and Parathyroid Disorders.- Hypoglycemic Disorders.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Findings.- Fasting Hypoglycemia.- Reactive Hypoglycemia.- Treatment.- References.- 7 Fluid-Electrolyte,Acid—Base Disorders.- Acid—Base Disorders.- General Considerations.- Metabolic Acidosis.- Metabolic Alkalosis.- Respiratory Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis.- Sodium.- General Considerations.- Volume Depletion.- Hypernatremia.- Hyponatremia.- Potassium.- General Considerations.- Hyperkalemia.- Hypokalemia.- Magnesium.- General Considerations.- Hypermagnesemia.- Hypomagnesemia.- Calcium.- Phosphorus.- General Considerations.- Hyperphosphatemia.- Hypophosphatemia.- Psychiatric-Drug-Induced Fluid—Electrolyte Disorders.- References.- 8 Metabolic Disorders.- Porphyria.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Findings.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Treatment.- Wilson Disease (Hepatoenticular Degeneration).- Clinical Features.- Pathogenesis.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Drugs Used to Treat Wilson Disease.- Use of Psychotropic Drugs in Patients with Wilson Disease.- References.- 9 Connective Tissue Disorder (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Findings.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Neurological Features.- Treatment.- References.- 10 Striated Muscle Disorder (Myasthenia Gravis).- Definition.- Clinical Features.- Exacerbations.- Initial Manifestations.- Typical Features.- Clinical Classification.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Pathogenesis.- Diagnosis.- Differential Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Anticholinesterase Drugs.- Steroids.- Thymectomy.- Other.- Neuropsychiatric Effects of Antimyasthenic Drugs.- The Use of Psychotropic Drugs in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis.- References.- 11 Vitamin Disorders.- Hypervitaminosis A.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Niacin (Nicotinic Acid) Deficiency.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Vitamin B6 Deficiency.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiencies.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Neuropathology.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Deficiency.- General Considerations.- Clinical Features.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- References.- 12 Infectious Disorders.- Viral Encephalitis.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Findings.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Diagnosis.- Postencephalitic Changes.- Slow Viruses and Other Syndromes.- Treatment.- Infectious Mononucleosis.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Chronic Sequelae.- Neuropsychiatric Effects of Infectious Disease Drugs.- Amantidine.- Antibiotics.- Penicillin.- References.- 13 Toxin Disorders.- Mercury.- Clinical Features.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Lead.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Findings.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Treatment.- Bismuth.- Arsenic.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Findings.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Bromides.- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology.- Bromide-Containing Preparations.- Clinical Features.- Misdiagnosis.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Organophosphate.- Clinical Features.- Laboratory Findings.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- References.- 14 Skin Disorders.- Burn Delirium.- Clinical Findings.- Significance of Burn Delirium.- Etiology of Burn Delirium.- Treatment.- Psychotropic Drug-Induced Dermatologic Disorders.- References.- 15 Reproductive and Sexual Function Disorders.- Premenstrual Syndrome.- Menstrual Cycle Hormonal Changes.- Clinical Features.- Neuropsychiatric Features.- Etiology.- Treatment.- Oral Contraceptives.- Depression.- Psychotic Reactions.- Sexual Dysfunction (Impotence).- Diagnostic Evaluation of Impotence.- Recent Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organic Impotence.- References.- 16 Sleep and Arousal Disorders.- Diagnostic Classification.- Specific Disorders.- Narcolepsy.- Sleep Apnea Syndrome.- Miscellaneous Conditions.- Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (Sleep Onset Insomnia).- Nocturnal Myoclonus.- Conclusion.- References.- 17 Substance Abuse Disorders.- Caffeine.- Pharmacology.- Manifestations of Caffeine Use, Abuse, and Withdrawal.- Use of Caffeine in Psychiatric Patients.- Caffeine and Psychiatric Drugs.- Conclusion.- Alcohol.- Pharmacology.- Manifestations of Alcohol Abuse and Withdrawal.- Use of Alcohol in Psychiatric Patients.- Alcohol and Psychiatric Drugs.- Conclusion.- Amphetamines and Amphetamine-like Drugs.- Pharmacology.- Manifestations of Amphetamine Abuse and Withdrawal.- Amphetamine-like Drugs.- Use of Amphetamines in Psychiatric Patients.- Amphetamines and Psychiatric Drugs.- Conclusion.- Cannabis (Marijuana).- Pharmacology.- Manifestations of Cannabis Use and Withdrawal.- Use of Cannabis in Psychiatric Patients.- Cannabis and Psychiatric Drugs.- Conclusion.- Opiates and Synthetic Analgesics (Opioids).- Pharmacology.- Manifestations of Opioid Use, Abuse, and Withdrawal.- Use of Opioids in Psychiatric Patients.- Opioids and Psychiatric Drugs.- Conclusion.- Hallucinogens and Phencyclidine.- Pharmacology.- Manifestations of Hallucinogen and PCP Use.- Use of Hallucinogens and PCP in Psychiatric Patients.- Hallucinogens and PCP and Psychiatric Drugs.- Conclusion.- References.
