Description
Book SynopsisThis book covers the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production as well as other industrial applications such as in biotechnology, paper and pulp, chemical and bioplastics. Lignocellulosic materials such as agricultural residues (e.g., wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover), forest products (hardwood and softwood), and crops such as switchgrass and salix, are becoming a potent source for generating valuable products. Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications describes the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for various applications. Although there have been numerous reports on lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel application, there have been very few other applications reported for lignocellulosic biomass-based biotechnology, chemicals and polymers. This book covers both application areas. Besides describing the various types of biofuel production, such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel and biogas from lignocellulosic biomass, it
Table of ContentsPreface xv
1 Valorization of Lignocellulosic Materials to Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) 1
Arpan Das
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Lignocellulose: An Abundant Carbon Source for PHA Production 5
1.3 Lignocellulosic Pretreatment Techniques 8
v
vi Contents
1.4 Hydrolysis of Lingocellulose 14
1.5 Lignocellulose Biomass as Substrate for PHA Production 16
1.6 Conclusion 19
References 19
2 Biological Gaseous Energy Recovery from Lignocellulosic Biomass 27
Shantonu Roy
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Simple Sugars as Feedstock 28
2.3 Complex Substrates as Feedstock 32
2.4 Biomass Feedstock 32
2.5 Waste as Feedstock 36
2.6 Industrial Wastewater 38
2.7 Conclusion 40
References 41
3 Alkali Treatment to Improve Physical, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Lignocellulosic Natural Fibers for Use in Various Applications 47
Suvendu Manna, Prosenjit Saha, Sukanya Chudhury and Sabu Thomas
3.1 Introduction 48
Contents vii
3.3 Application of the Alkali-Steam-Treated Fibers 55
3.4 Summary 59
References 60
4 Biodiesel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Oleaginous Microbes: A Review 65
S.P. Jeevan Kumar, Lohit K. Srinivas Gujjala, Archana Dash, Bitasta Talukdar and Rintu Banerjee
4.1 Introduction 66
4.2 Lignocellulosics Distribution, Availability and Diversity 67
4.3 Prospective Oleaginous Microbes for Lipid Production 70
LCB Utilization 73
Co-Utilization of Substrate 74
4.4 Technical Know-How for Biodiesel Production from LCBs 76
4.5 Fermentation 78
4.6 Transesterification for Biodiesel Production 80
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4.7 Characteristics of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters 83
4.8 Conclusion 83
References 84
5 Biopulping of Lignocellulose 93
Arijit Jana, Debashish Ghosh, Diptarka Dasgupta, Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra and Keshab Chandra Mondal
5.1 Introduction 93
5.2 Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass 95
5.3 Pulping and its Various Processes 97
5.4 Biopulping – Process Overview 98
5.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biopulping 104
5.6 Future Prospects 105
Acknowledgment 105
References 106
6 Second Generation Bioethanol Production from Residual Biomass of the Rice Processing Industry 111
Luciana Luft, Juliana R. F. da Silva, Raquel C. Kuhn and Marcio A. Mazutti
6.1 Introduction 112
6.2 Residual Biomass 112
6.3 Rice and Processing 113
6.4 Pretreatment Techniques 115
121
6.5 Hydrolysis 124
6.6 Fermentation 125
6.7 Bioethanol Production 127
6.8 Concluding Remarks 127
Acknowledgments 128
References 128
7 Microbial Enzymes and Lignocellulosic Fuel Production 135
Avanthi Althuri, Anjani Devi Chintagunta, Knawang Chhunji Sherpa, Rajiv Chandra Rajak, Debajyoti Kundu, Jagriti Singh, Akanksha Rastogi and Rintu Banerjee
7.1 Introduction 136
Biofuel Production 136
7.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass as Sustainable Alternative
for Fuel Production 137
7.2.1 Constituents of Lignocelluloses: Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Other Biomolecules 138
7.3 Enzymes and Their Sources for Biofuel Generation 139
7.4 Microbial Enzymes towards Lignocellulosic Biomass Degradation 142
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7.5 Applications in Biofuel Production 159
7.6 Conclusion 162
References 163
8 Sugarcane: A Potential Agricultural Crop for Bioeconomy through Biorefinery 171
Knawang Chhunji Sherpa, Rajiv Chandra Rajak and Rintu Banerjee
8.1 Introduction 171
8.2 Present Status of Sugarcane Production
and its Availability 173
8.3 Morphology of Sugarcane 174
8.4 Factors Involved in Sugarcane Production 175
8.5 Major Limitations of Sugarcane Production 185
8.6 An Overview of Biotechnological Developments for Sugarcane Improvement 186
8.7 By-Products of Sugarcane Processing 188
8.7.1 Bagasse 188
8.7.2 Molasses 189
8.7.3 Vinasse 189
8.8 Applications of Sugarcane for Biorefinery Concept 189
Contents xi
8.9 Utilization of Sugarcane Residue for
Bioethanol Production 190
8.10 Conclusions 192
References 192
9 Lignocellulosic Biomass Availability Map: A GIS-Based Approach for Assessing Production Statistics of Lignocellulosics and its Application in Biorefinery 197
Sanjeev Kumar, G. Lohit Kumar Srinivas and Rintu Banerjee
9.1 Introduction 198
9.2 Geographical Information System (GIS) 199
9.3 Application of GIS in Mapping Lignocellulosic Biomass 202
9.4 Biofuels from Lignocellulosics 209
9.5 Conclusion 211
References 212
10 Lignocellulosic Biomass Utilization for the Production of Sustainable Chemicals and Polymers 215
Mukherjee Gunjan, Dhiman Gourav and Akhtar Nadeem
10.1 Introduction 216
10.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 216
10.3 Pretreatment Strategies 219
Pulsed Electric Field 219
10.4 Value-Added Chemicals from Lignocellulosic Biomass 224
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10.5 Sustainable Polymers from Lignocellulosic Biomass 228
(HMF)- and 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA)-Based Polymers 229
Platform-Based Polymers 229
Platform-Based Polymers 231
Derived Polymers 234
10.6 Potential Challenges for a Sustainable Biorefinery 234
10.7 Environmental Effects of Biorefineries 235
10.8 Future Perspectives of Biorefineries and Their Products 236
10.9 Conclusion 236
References 237
Contents xiii
11 Utilization of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biobutanol Production: A Review 247
Anand Prakash, Vinay Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Arindam Kuila and Arun Kumar Sharma
11.1 Introduction 247
11.2 Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Biobutanol 248
11.3 Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass 248
11.4 Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass 248
11.5 Biobutanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass 249
11.6 Conclusion 258
References 258
12 Application of Lignocellulosic Biomass in the Paper Industry 265
Mainak Mukhopadhyay and Debalina Bhattacharya
12.1 Introduction 265
12.2 Major Raw Materials Used in the Paper Industry 266
12.6 Conclusion 275
References 276
