Description
Book SynopsisUnderstanding the array and complexity of instrumentation available to audiologists and hearing scientists is important to students, beginning clinicians, and even seasoned professionals. The second edition of Instrumentation for Audiology and Hearing Science: Theory and Practice is a comprehensive and accessible look at instrumentation used in these fields for research and clinical purposes. The expert authors introduce the laws of physics as they relate to audiology and hearing science and explain a range of concepts in electronics directly related to instrumentation used in audiology and hearing science, such as filtering and immittance (involving acceptance i.e., admittance, and rejection i.e., impedance of energy), explain the fundamental instrumentation concepts in mathematics, physics, and electronics in a systematic manner including only the necessary formulae and basic scientific principles. This unique professional text presents the fundamentals of the evolution of communication systems from analog to digital, including such concepts as digital signals, sound resolution, sampling, quantization and their applications to current technology such as video calls, noise canceling head phones, and CD players. In addition, the authors comprehensively cover calibration of test and research equipment and stimuli used in audiology and hearing science and clearly describe elements of electronics and digital technology as they apply to our everyday lives and experiences as well as to the fields of audiology and hearing sciences. New to the Second Edition New chapters on amplification, assistive listening devices, and vestibular assessment (electronystagmography and videonystagmography), geared toward audiology and hearing science students and professionals Extensive reorganization for a smoother flow of information Expanded focus on evidence-based practice Informed by the authors' teaching, research, and clinical experiences, the original chapters have either been eliminated or completely updated to reflect current scientific and clinical theories A PluralPlus companion website with practical step-by-step PowerPoint instruction and accompanying videos for the construction of direct- and alternating-current electrical circuits, as well as the construction of high-pass, low-pass, and band-pass filters
Table of ContentsIntroduction Acknowledgements Chapter 1. General Physics and Introduction to Sound Energy Measurement Area Velocity Acceleration Force Pressure Work Power Intensity Values to Remember Chapter 2. Electrical Energy- Direct Current Coulomb's Law Current, Voltage, and Resistance Ohm's Law Series Resistance and Parallel Resistance Direct Current Circuit Chapter 3. Electrical Energy- Alternating Current Introduction Phasor Representation of AC Square Wave Analysis of a Square Wave Power Transmission AC Circuit Components Resistive AC Circuit Capacitors and Inductors Series Capacitance and Parallel Capacitance Series Inductance and Parallel Inductance04 Chapter 4. Filtering and Electrical Impedance Impedance and Admittance Filters Low-Pass Filter High-Pass Filter Band-Pass Filter Band-Reject Filter References Chapter 5. Building Communication Systems: Evolution from Analog to Digital Introduction Microphones Loudspeaker/Earphone/Insert Receiver Amplifiers Transistors Digital Communication Systems Digital Signals Quantization Sound Resolution Sampling Sampling in Audio Systems CD Players Digital Signal Processing Active Noise Cancellation Chapter 6. Acoustic Immittance Acoustic Immittance Methods for Measurement of Static-Acoustic Middle-Ear Immittance Calculation of Acoustic Admittance of the Middle Ear References Chapter 7. Amplification Introduction Hearing Aids Hearing Aid Components Additional Features of Some Hearing Aids Directional Microphones Telecoils (t-coil) Wireless Connectivity Remote Controls Ambient Noise Control Hearing Aid Styles Hearing Aid Earmolds Generic Custom Earmolds Earmold Materials Earmold Impressions Venting Tubing Introduction ANSI Standard Hearing Aid Couplers KEMAR (Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research) Evaluating Hearing Aid Performance Using ANSI Standards HA-1 HA-2 HA-2B HA-3 Recommended Measurements, Specifications, and Tolerances Curves Frequency Range Tolerance Method for Frequency Response Curve Tolerances Tolerance Template Harmonic Distortion Equivalent Input Noise Level (EIN) Examples of Current Instrumentation for the Measurement of Hearing Aid Parameters Hearing Aid Analyzers: Test Boxes Calibration of Hearing Aid Test Systems Amplification for Children Advantages of a Bilateral Hearing Aid Fitting Head Shadow Effect Enhanced Speech Understanding Binaural Squelch Binaural Redundancy Improved Sound Quality Along with Better Spatial Balance Improved Sound Localization Prevention of Auditory Deprivation Binaural Interference Identification of Binaural Interference Auditory Training References Chapter 8. Assistive Listening Devices Introduction What Are Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs)? ANSI/ASA S3.47-2014 Classification of ALDs Components Test Equipment Standard Conditions Equipment Setup Settings of Controls Recommended Measurements Types of ALDs Frequency Modulation (FM) Systems Classroom Audio Distribution Systems (ADS) Hearing Loop Systems Infrared (IR) Systems Bluetooth Technology Comparative Analysis of ALDs Discussion Emerging Themes Future Research Conclusion References Chapter 9. Vestibular Assessment: Electronystagmography and Videonystagmography Electro-Oculography Video-Oculography Neurophysiologic Mechanisms Underlying ENG and VNG The Final Common Pathway Saccadic System Smooth Pursuit System Neural Integrator Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) and VOR Fixation Optokinetic (OKN) Testing Caloric Irrigations Calibration Temperature Timing Distance and Angle Flow Eye Movements VNG Goggles Advantages and Disadvantages of ENG and VNG ENG/VNG Test Battery Oculomotor Tests Static Positional Tests and Dynamic Positioning Testing Caloric Testing Sample VNG from a Normal Patient Saccadic Test Results Results of Smooth Pursuit Testing Gaze Testing OKN Testing Head-Shaking Nystagmus Test Positional and Positioning Test Results Caloric Testing Chapter 10. Test Equipment Used in Audiology and Hearing Science Audiometer Oscillators Standard Oscillator Square Wave Oscillator Detailed Description of the Stimuli Generated by an Audiometer Critical Band Speech Noise Instrumentation for Acoustic Immittance Components of the Immittance Device Otoacoustic Emissions - Instrumentation Electrophysiologic Instrumentation Auditory Evoked Potentials Stimulus Used in Auditory Evoked Potentials (ABR) Click Stimulus Repetition Rate Polarity Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) References Chapter 11. Instrumentation for Calibration and Calibration of Test Stimuli Equipment Used for Calibration Equipment for Calibration of Air Conduction ANSI Requirements for Calibration of Audiometric Signals Calibration Frequency Accuracy Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Rise and Fall Linearity Sound-Field Testing Bone Conduction Calibration Artificial Mastoid Type 4930 Larson Davis AMC 493A Calibration of High Frequencies Calibration of the Acoustic Admittance Device Calibration of Admittance Unit of Measurement Calibration of Probe Signal Intensity Calibration of the Activating Stimuli Calibration of the Pneumatic System Calibration of the Otoacoustic Emissions Probe Signal Calibration for Auditory Evoked Potentials Calibration for Masking Noise Noise Levels in the Test Environment References Index
