Description
Book SynopsisFURAN POLYMERS AND THEIR REACTIONS Understand furan polymers and their roles in industrial production Furans are platform chemicals from biomass which have a range of functions in the production of solvents, biofuels, and monomers for industrial polymer synthesis. As the search for sustainable industrial processes makes biomass resources ever more vital, a more detailed understanding of these compounds and their industrial uses has never been more critical. Furan Polymers and their Reactions surveys these crucial compounds and their contributions to polymer synthesis. It discusses the biorefinery of furans, identifies furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural as the key furan monomer precursors for different polymer synthetic processes, and analyzes all the major reactions furans undergo during these processes and the structures, properties and applications of the ensuing materials. The results are a vital contribution to the growing field of renewable industry. Furan Polymers and their R
Table of ContentsForeword vii
Preface viii
1 A Brief History 1
2 The Peculiar Chemical Features of the Furan Heterocycle and the Synthesis of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural 3
2.1 Free Radical Reactions 3
2.2 Electrophilic Reactions 5
2.3 Photochemistry 5
2.4 Hydrolysis Reactions 9
2.5 The Diels–Alder Reaction 10
2.6 Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural as Industrial Commodities and as Building Blocks for Furan Monomers 11
3 Polymers from Furfural and Furfuryl Alcohol 18
3.1 Furfural Resins 18
3.2 Furfuryl Alcohol Resins 21
4 Polymers from Chain Polyaddition Reactions 37
4.1 Free Radical Systems 37
4.2 Cationic Systems 42
4.3 Anionic Systems 51
4.4 Stereospecific Systems 57
5 Polymers from Polycondensation (Step) Reactions 61
5.1 Polyesters 61
5.2 Polyamides 90
5.3 Polyurethanes 103
5.4 Polyureas, Polyparabanic Acids, Polybenzoxazines, polySchiff Bases, and Polyhydrazides 114
5.5 Conjugated Furan Oligomers and Polymers 124
5.6 Epoxy Resins 134
6 The Furan/Maleimide Diels–Alder Reaction Applied to Polymer Synthesis and Modification 147
6.1 Polycondensations (Step-growth Polymerizations) 148
6.2 Polymer Modification and Cross-linking 156
6.3 Miscellaneous Systems 180
6.4 A New Paradigm: Aromatics from Furans 186
7 Chemical and Biological Degradation 192
8 General Conclusions 200
Index 202
