Description

Book Synopsis
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been widely implemented by the automotive industry as a productivity tool for design engineers to reduce both development time and cost. This essential work serves as a guide for FEA as a design tool and addresses the specific needs of design engineers to improve productivity.

Table of Contents
  • Preface xix
  • Chapter 1
  • Introduction 1
  • 1.1. What Is Finite Element Analysis? 1
  • 1.2. What Is the Place of FEA among Other Tools of
  • Computer-Aided Engineering? 2
  • 1.3. Fields of Application of FEA and Mechanism Analysis 2
  • 1.4. Fields of Application of FEA and CFD 4
  • 1.5. What Is "FEA for Design Engineers"? 4
  • 1.6. Note on Hands-On Exercises 5
  • Chapter 2
  • From CAD Model to Results of FEA 7
  • 2.1. Formulation of the Mathematical Model 7
  • 2.2. Selecting the Numerical Method to Solve the
  • Mathematical Model 10
  • 2.2.1. Selected Numerical Methods in CAE 10
  • 2.2.2. Reasons for the Dominance of FEM 10
  • 2.3. FEA Model 11
  • 2.3.1. Meshing 11
  • 2.3.2. Formulation of FE Equations 12
  • 2.3.3. Errors in FEA Results 13
  • 2.4. Verification and Validation of FEA Results 14
  • Chapter 3
  • Fundamental Concepts of FEA 17
  • 3.1. Formulation of a Finite Element 17
  • 3.1.1. Closer Look at Finite Element 17
  • 3.1.2. Requirements to be Satisfied by Displacement Interpolation
  • Function 20
  • 3.1.3. Artificial Restraints 20
  • 3.2. Choices of Discretization 22
  • 3.3. Types of Finite Elements 23
  • 3.3.1. Element Dimensionality 23
  • 3.3.2. Element Shape 28
  • 3.3.3. Element Order and Element Type 29
  • 3.3.4. Summary of Commonly Used Elements 30
  • 3.3.5. Element Modeling Capabilities 31
  • Chapter 4
  • Controlling Discretization Errors 33
  • 4.1. Presenting Stress Results 34
  • 4.2. Types of Convergence Analysis 36
  • 4.2.1. h Convergence by Global Mesh Refinement 36
  • 4.2.2. h Convergence by Local Mesh Refinement 40
  • 4.2.3. Adaptive h Convergence 42
  • 4.2.4. p Convergence Process 44
  • 4.2.5. Choice of Convergence Process 46
  • 4.3. Discretization Error 46
  • 4.3.1. Convergence Error 47
  • 4.3.2. Solution Error 47
  • 4.4. Problems with Convergence 48
  • 4.4.1. Stress Singularity 48
  • 4.4.2. Displacement Singularity 54
  • 4.5. Hands-On Exercises 58
  • 4.5.1. HOLLOW PLATE 58
  • Description 58
  • Objective 58
  • Procedure 59
  • 4.5.2. L BRACKET01 60
  • Description 60
  • Objective 60
  • Procedure 60
  • Contents ix
  • 4.5.3. WEDGE 61
  • Description 61
  • Objective 61
  • Procedure 61
  • Chapter 5
  • Finite Element Mesh 65
  • 5.1. Meshing Techniques 65
  • 5.1.1. Manual Meshing 65
  • 5.1.2. Semi-automatic Meshing 66
  • 5.1.3. Automatic Meshing 67
  • 5.2. Mesh Compatibility 69
  • 5.2.1. Compatible Elements 70
  • 5.2.2. Incompatible Elements 70
  • 5.2.3. Forced Compatibility 71
  • 5.3. Common Meshing Problems 73
  • 5.3.1. Element Distortion 73
  • 5.3.2. Mesh Adequacy 75
  • 5.3.3. Element Mapping to Geometry 76
  • 5.3.4. Incorrect Conversion to Shell Model 78
  • 5.4. Hands-On Exercises 79
  • 5.4.1. BRACKET01 79
  • Description 79
  • Objective 79
  • Procedure 79
  • 5.4.2. CANTILEVER 80
  • Description 80
  • Objective 80
  • Procedure 80
  • Chapter 6
  • Modeling Process 83
  • 6.1. Modeling Steps 84
  • 6.1.1. Definition of the Objective of Analysis 84
  • 6.1.2. Selection of the Units of Measurement 84
  • 6.1.3. Geometry Preparation 85
  • 6.1.4. Defining Material Properties 85
  • 6.1.5. Defining Boundary Conditions 86
  • Contentsx
  • 6.2. Selected Modeling Techniques 87
  • 6.2.1. Mirror Symmetry and Anti-symmetry Boundary Conditions 87
  • 6.2.2. Axial Symmetry 92
  • 6.2.3. Cyclic Symmetry 92
  • 6.2.4. Realignment of Degrees of Freedom 94
  • 6.2.5. Using Point Restraints to Eliminate Rigid Body Motions 95
  • 6.3. Hands-On Exercises 96
  • 6.3.1. BRACKET02—Mirror Symmetry BC 96
  • Description 96
  • Objective 96
  • Procedure 96
  • 6.3.2. BRACKET02—Anti-symmetry BC 97
  • Description 97
  • Objective 97
  • Procedure 97
  • 6.3.3. BRACKET02—Mirror Symmetry and Anti-symmetry BC 98
  • Description 98
  • Objective 98
  • Procedure 98
  • 6.3.4. SHAFT01 99
  • Description 99
  • Objective 99
  • Procedure 99
  • 6.3.5. PRESSURE TANK 100
  • Description 100
  • Objective 100
  • Procedure 100
  • 6.3.6. RING 101
  • Description 101
  • Objective 101
  • Procedure 101
  • 6.3.7. LINK01 102
  • Description 102
  • Objective 102
  • Procedure 103
  • Chapter 7
  • Nonlinear Geometry Analysis 105
  • 7.1. Classification of Different Types of Nonlinearities 105
  • 7.2. Geometric Nonlinearity 106
  • Contents xi
  • 7.3. Membrane Stress Stiffening 112
  • 7.4. Contact 117
  • 7.5. Hands-On Exercises 122
  • 7.5.1. CANTILEVER BEAM 122
  • Description 122
  • Objective 123
  • Procedure 123
  • 7.5.2. SHAFT02 123
  • Description 123
  • Objective 123
  • Procedure 123
  • 7.5.3. ROUND PLATE01 123
  • Description 123
  • Objective 124
  • Procedure 124
  • 7.5.4. LINK02 124
  • Description 124
  • Objective 124
  • Procedure 124
  • 7.5.5. SLIDING SUPPORT 125
  • Description 125
  • Objective 125
  • Procedure 125
  • 7.5.6. CLAMP01 125
  • Description 125
  • Objective 125
  • Procedure 125
  • 7.5.7. CLAMP02 126
  • Description 126
  • Objective 126
  • Procedure 126
  • Chapter 8
  • Nonlinear Material Analysis 129
  • 8.1. Review of Nonlinear Material Models 129
  • 8.2. Use of Nonlinear Material to Control Stress Singularity 132
  • 8.3. Other Types of Nonlinearities 134
  • 8.4. Hands-On Exercises 134
  • 8.4.1. BRACKET NL 134
  • Objective 135
  • Contentsxii
  • Procedure 135
  • 8.4.2. L BRACKET02 135
  • Description 135
  • Objective 135
  • Procedure 135
  • Chapter 9
  • Modal Analysis 139
  • 9.1. Differences between Modal and
  • Static Analysis 139
  • 9.2. Interpretation of Displacement and Stress Results in
  • Modal Analysis 140
  • 9.3. Modal Analysis with Rigid Body Motions 141
  • 9.4. Importance of Supports in Modal Analysis 143
  • 9.5. Applications of Modal Analysis 144
  • 9.5.1. Finding Modal Frequencies and Associated Shapes of Vibration 144
  • 9.5.2. Locating "Weak Spots" in Structure 145
  • 9.5.3. Modal Analysis Provides Input to Vibration Analysis 146
  • 9.6. Pre-stress Modal Analysis 146
  • 9.7. Symmetry and Anti-symmetry Boundary Conditions in
  • Modal Analysis 148
  • 9.8. Convergence of Modal Frequencies 149
  • 9.9. Meshing Consideration for Modal Analysis 150
  • 9.10. Hands-On Exercises 150
  • 9.10.1. TUNING FORK 150
  • Description 150
  • Objective 150
  • Procedure 150
  • Comments 150
  • 9.10.2. BOX 151
  • Description 151
  • Objective 151
  • Procedure 151
  • Comments 151
  • 9.10.3. AIRPLANE 151
  • Description 151
  • Objective 151
  • Procedure 151
  • Comments 152
  • Contents xiii
  • 9.10.4. BALL 152
  • Description 152
  • Objective 152
  • Procedure 152
  • Comments 152
  • 9.10.5. LINK03 152
  • Description 152
  • Objective 152
  • Procedure 152
  • Comments 153
  • 9.10.6. HELICOPTER BLADE 153
  • Description 153
  • Objective 153
  • Procedure 153
  • Comments 153
  • 9.10.7. COLUMN 154
  • Description 154
  • Objective 154
  • Procedure 154
  • Comments 155
  • 9.10.8. BRACKET03 155
  • Description 155
  • Objective 155
  • Procedure 155
  • Comments 156
  • Chapter 1 0
  • Buckling Analysis 159
  • 10.1. Linear Buckling Analysis 160
  • 10.2. Convergence of Results in Linear Buckling Analysis 163
  • 10.3. Nonlinear Buckling Analysis 163
  • 10.4. Controlling an Onset of Buckling in Nonlinear Buckling
  • Analysis 174
  • 10.5. Summary 175
  • 10.6. Hands-On Exercises 176
  • 10.6.1. NOTCHED COLUMN - Free End 176
  • Description 176
  • Objective 176
  • Procedure 176
  • Comments 177
  • Contentsxiv
  • 10.6.2. NOTCHED COLUMN - Sliding End 177
  • Procedure 177
  • 10.6.3. ROUND PLATE02 177
  • Description 177
  • Objective 177
  • Procedure 177
  • Comments 178
  • 10.6.4. CURVED COLUMN 178
  • Objective 178
  • 10.6.5. STAND 178
  • Description 178
  • Objective 178
  • Procedure 178
  • Comments 179
  • 10.6.6. CURVED SHEET 179
  • Description 179
  • Objective 179
  • Procedure 179
  • Chapter 1 1
  • Vibration Analysis 181
  • 11.1. Modal Superposition Method 181
  • 11.2. Time Response Analysis 183
  • 11.3. Frequency Response Analysis 186
  • 11.4. Nonlinear Vibration Analysis 190
  • 11.5. Hands-On Exercises 192
  • 11.5.1. HAMMER - Impulse Load 192
  • Description 192
  • Objective 192
  • Procedure 192
  • Comments 193
  • 11.5.2. HAMMER - Beating 193
  • Description 193
  • Objective 193
  • Procedure 193
  • Comments 194
  • 11.5.3. ELBOW PIPE 194
  • Description 194
  • Objective 194
  • Procedure 194
  • Comments 194
  • Contents xv
  • 11.5.4. CENTRIFUGE 194
  • Description 194
  • Objective 195
  • Procedure 195
  • Comments 195
  • 11.5.5. PLANK 195
  • Description 195
  • Objective 195
  • Procedure 195
  • Comments 196
  • Chapter 1 2
  • Thermal Analysis 199
  • 12.1. Heat Flow by Conduction 200
  • 12.2. Heat Flow by Convection 201
  • 12.3. Heat Transfer by Radiation 203
  • 12.4. Modeling Considerations in Thermal Analysis 204
  • 12.5. Challenges in Thermal Analysis 206
  • 12.6. Hands-On Exercises 207
  • 12.6.1. BRACKET04 207
  • Description 207
  • Objective 207
  • Procedure 207
  • Comments 207
  • 12.6.2. HEAT SINK 207
  • Description 207
  • Objective 207
  • Procedure 207
  • Comments 208
  • 12.6.3. CHANNEL 208
  • Description 208
  • Objective 208
  • Procedure 208
  • Comments 208
  • 12.6.4. SPACE HEATER 209
  • Description 209
  • Objective 209
  • Procedure 209
  • Comments 209
  • Contentsxvi
  • Chapter 1 3
  • Implementation of Finite Element Analysis in
  • the Design Process 211
  • 13.1. Differences between CAD and FEA Geometry 211
  • 13.1.1. Defeaturing 212
  • 13.1.2. Idealization 213
  • 13.1.3. Cleanup 214
  • 13.2. Common Meshing Problems 216
  • 13.3. Mesh Adequacy 218
  • 13.4. Integration of CAD and FEA Programs 219
  • 13.4.1. Stand-Alone FEA Programs 219
  • 13.4.2. FEA Programs Integrated with CAD 219
  • 13.4.3. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Programs 219
  • 13.5. FEA Implementation 220
  • 13.5.1. Positioning of CAD and FEA Activities 220
  • 13.5.2. Personnel Training 221
  • 13.5.3. FEA Program Selection 223
  • 13.5.4. Hardware Selection 225
  • 13.5.5. Building Confidence in FEA 225
  • 13.5.6. Return on Investment 226
  • 13.6. FEA Project 226
  • 13.6.1. Before FEA Project Starts 227
  • 13.6.2. Establish the Scope of Analysis 227
  • 13.6.3. Create the Mathematical Model 227
  • 13.6.4. Create the Finite Element Model and Solve It 228
  • 13.6.5. Review the Results 228
  • 13.6.6. Presentation of the Results 229
  • 13.6.7. FEA Report 230
  • 13.6.8. Project Documentation and Backups 231
  • 13.6.9. Contracting Out FEA Services 231
  • 13.6.10. Common Errors in Management of FEA Projects 232
  • Chapter 1 4
  • Summary 235
  • 14.1. FEA Quiz 235
  • 14.2. Frequently Asked Questions 238
  • Contents xvii
  • Chapter 1 5
  • FEA Resources 249
  • Chapter 1 6
  • Glossary 253
  • Chapter 1 7
  • List of Exercises 259
  • Index 261
  • About the Author 265

Finite Element Analysis for Design Engineers

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      Book details

      Publisher SAE International
      Published 12/19/2022 12:00:00 AM
      ISBN-13 9781468605358
      978-1468605358
      ISBN-10 1468605356
      Also in:
      Engineering graphics and draughting Technical design

      Description

      Book Synopsis
      Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been widely implemented by the automotive industry as a productivity tool for design engineers to reduce both development time and cost. This essential work serves as a guide for FEA as a design tool and addresses the specific needs of design engineers to improve productivity.

      Table of Contents
      • Preface xix
      • Chapter 1
      • Introduction 1
      • 1.1. What Is Finite Element Analysis? 1
      • 1.2. What Is the Place of FEA among Other Tools of
      • Computer-Aided Engineering? 2
      • 1.3. Fields of Application of FEA and Mechanism Analysis 2
      • 1.4. Fields of Application of FEA and CFD 4
      • 1.5. What Is "FEA for Design Engineers"? 4
      • 1.6. Note on Hands-On Exercises 5
      • Chapter 2
      • From CAD Model to Results of FEA 7
      • 2.1. Formulation of the Mathematical Model 7
      • 2.2. Selecting the Numerical Method to Solve the
      • Mathematical Model 10
      • 2.2.1. Selected Numerical Methods in CAE 10
      • 2.2.2. Reasons for the Dominance of FEM 10
      • 2.3. FEA Model 11
      • 2.3.1. Meshing 11
      • 2.3.2. Formulation of FE Equations 12
      • 2.3.3. Errors in FEA Results 13
      • 2.4. Verification and Validation of FEA Results 14
      • Chapter 3
      • Fundamental Concepts of FEA 17
      • 3.1. Formulation of a Finite Element 17
      • 3.1.1. Closer Look at Finite Element 17
      • 3.1.2. Requirements to be Satisfied by Displacement Interpolation
      • Function 20
      • 3.1.3. Artificial Restraints 20
      • 3.2. Choices of Discretization 22
      • 3.3. Types of Finite Elements 23
      • 3.3.1. Element Dimensionality 23
      • 3.3.2. Element Shape 28
      • 3.3.3. Element Order and Element Type 29
      • 3.3.4. Summary of Commonly Used Elements 30
      • 3.3.5. Element Modeling Capabilities 31
      • Chapter 4
      • Controlling Discretization Errors 33
      • 4.1. Presenting Stress Results 34
      • 4.2. Types of Convergence Analysis 36
      • 4.2.1. h Convergence by Global Mesh Refinement 36
      • 4.2.2. h Convergence by Local Mesh Refinement 40
      • 4.2.3. Adaptive h Convergence 42
      • 4.2.4. p Convergence Process 44
      • 4.2.5. Choice of Convergence Process 46
      • 4.3. Discretization Error 46
      • 4.3.1. Convergence Error 47
      • 4.3.2. Solution Error 47
      • 4.4. Problems with Convergence 48
      • 4.4.1. Stress Singularity 48
      • 4.4.2. Displacement Singularity 54
      • 4.5. Hands-On Exercises 58
      • 4.5.1. HOLLOW PLATE 58
      • Description 58
      • Objective 58
      • Procedure 59
      • 4.5.2. L BRACKET01 60
      • Description 60
      • Objective 60
      • Procedure 60
      • Contents ix
      • 4.5.3. WEDGE 61
      • Description 61
      • Objective 61
      • Procedure 61
      • Chapter 5
      • Finite Element Mesh 65
      • 5.1. Meshing Techniques 65
      • 5.1.1. Manual Meshing 65
      • 5.1.2. Semi-automatic Meshing 66
      • 5.1.3. Automatic Meshing 67
      • 5.2. Mesh Compatibility 69
      • 5.2.1. Compatible Elements 70
      • 5.2.2. Incompatible Elements 70
      • 5.2.3. Forced Compatibility 71
      • 5.3. Common Meshing Problems 73
      • 5.3.1. Element Distortion 73
      • 5.3.2. Mesh Adequacy 75
      • 5.3.3. Element Mapping to Geometry 76
      • 5.3.4. Incorrect Conversion to Shell Model 78
      • 5.4. Hands-On Exercises 79
      • 5.4.1. BRACKET01 79
      • Description 79
      • Objective 79
      • Procedure 79
      • 5.4.2. CANTILEVER 80
      • Description 80
      • Objective 80
      • Procedure 80
      • Chapter 6
      • Modeling Process 83
      • 6.1. Modeling Steps 84
      • 6.1.1. Definition of the Objective of Analysis 84
      • 6.1.2. Selection of the Units of Measurement 84
      • 6.1.3. Geometry Preparation 85
      • 6.1.4. Defining Material Properties 85
      • 6.1.5. Defining Boundary Conditions 86
      • Contentsx
      • 6.2. Selected Modeling Techniques 87
      • 6.2.1. Mirror Symmetry and Anti-symmetry Boundary Conditions 87
      • 6.2.2. Axial Symmetry 92
      • 6.2.3. Cyclic Symmetry 92
      • 6.2.4. Realignment of Degrees of Freedom 94
      • 6.2.5. Using Point Restraints to Eliminate Rigid Body Motions 95
      • 6.3. Hands-On Exercises 96
      • 6.3.1. BRACKET02—Mirror Symmetry BC 96
      • Description 96
      • Objective 96
      • Procedure 96
      • 6.3.2. BRACKET02—Anti-symmetry BC 97
      • Description 97
      • Objective 97
      • Procedure 97
      • 6.3.3. BRACKET02—Mirror Symmetry and Anti-symmetry BC 98
      • Description 98
      • Objective 98
      • Procedure 98
      • 6.3.4. SHAFT01 99
      • Description 99
      • Objective 99
      • Procedure 99
      • 6.3.5. PRESSURE TANK 100
      • Description 100
      • Objective 100
      • Procedure 100
      • 6.3.6. RING 101
      • Description 101
      • Objective 101
      • Procedure 101
      • 6.3.7. LINK01 102
      • Description 102
      • Objective 102
      • Procedure 103
      • Chapter 7
      • Nonlinear Geometry Analysis 105
      • 7.1. Classification of Different Types of Nonlinearities 105
      • 7.2. Geometric Nonlinearity 106
      • Contents xi
      • 7.3. Membrane Stress Stiffening 112
      • 7.4. Contact 117
      • 7.5. Hands-On Exercises 122
      • 7.5.1. CANTILEVER BEAM 122
      • Description 122
      • Objective 123
      • Procedure 123
      • 7.5.2. SHAFT02 123
      • Description 123
      • Objective 123
      • Procedure 123
      • 7.5.3. ROUND PLATE01 123
      • Description 123
      • Objective 124
      • Procedure 124
      • 7.5.4. LINK02 124
      • Description 124
      • Objective 124
      • Procedure 124
      • 7.5.5. SLIDING SUPPORT 125
      • Description 125
      • Objective 125
      • Procedure 125
      • 7.5.6. CLAMP01 125
      • Description 125
      • Objective 125
      • Procedure 125
      • 7.5.7. CLAMP02 126
      • Description 126
      • Objective 126
      • Procedure 126
      • Chapter 8
      • Nonlinear Material Analysis 129
      • 8.1. Review of Nonlinear Material Models 129
      • 8.2. Use of Nonlinear Material to Control Stress Singularity 132
      • 8.3. Other Types of Nonlinearities 134
      • 8.4. Hands-On Exercises 134
      • 8.4.1. BRACKET NL 134
      • Objective 135
      • Contentsxii
      • Procedure 135
      • 8.4.2. L BRACKET02 135
      • Description 135
      • Objective 135
      • Procedure 135
      • Chapter 9
      • Modal Analysis 139
      • 9.1. Differences between Modal and
      • Static Analysis 139
      • 9.2. Interpretation of Displacement and Stress Results in
      • Modal Analysis 140
      • 9.3. Modal Analysis with Rigid Body Motions 141
      • 9.4. Importance of Supports in Modal Analysis 143
      • 9.5. Applications of Modal Analysis 144
      • 9.5.1. Finding Modal Frequencies and Associated Shapes of Vibration 144
      • 9.5.2. Locating "Weak Spots" in Structure 145
      • 9.5.3. Modal Analysis Provides Input to Vibration Analysis 146
      • 9.6. Pre-stress Modal Analysis 146
      • 9.7. Symmetry and Anti-symmetry Boundary Conditions in
      • Modal Analysis 148
      • 9.8. Convergence of Modal Frequencies 149
      • 9.9. Meshing Consideration for Modal Analysis 150
      • 9.10. Hands-On Exercises 150
      • 9.10.1. TUNING FORK 150
      • Description 150
      • Objective 150
      • Procedure 150
      • Comments 150
      • 9.10.2. BOX 151
      • Description 151
      • Objective 151
      • Procedure 151
      • Comments 151
      • 9.10.3. AIRPLANE 151
      • Description 151
      • Objective 151
      • Procedure 151
      • Comments 152
      • Contents xiii
      • 9.10.4. BALL 152
      • Description 152
      • Objective 152
      • Procedure 152
      • Comments 152
      • 9.10.5. LINK03 152
      • Description 152
      • Objective 152
      • Procedure 152
      • Comments 153
      • 9.10.6. HELICOPTER BLADE 153
      • Description 153
      • Objective 153
      • Procedure 153
      • Comments 153
      • 9.10.7. COLUMN 154
      • Description 154
      • Objective 154
      • Procedure 154
      • Comments 155
      • 9.10.8. BRACKET03 155
      • Description 155
      • Objective 155
      • Procedure 155
      • Comments 156
      • Chapter 1 0
      • Buckling Analysis 159
      • 10.1. Linear Buckling Analysis 160
      • 10.2. Convergence of Results in Linear Buckling Analysis 163
      • 10.3. Nonlinear Buckling Analysis 163
      • 10.4. Controlling an Onset of Buckling in Nonlinear Buckling
      • Analysis 174
      • 10.5. Summary 175
      • 10.6. Hands-On Exercises 176
      • 10.6.1. NOTCHED COLUMN - Free End 176
      • Description 176
      • Objective 176
      • Procedure 176
      • Comments 177
      • Contentsxiv
      • 10.6.2. NOTCHED COLUMN - Sliding End 177
      • Procedure 177
      • 10.6.3. ROUND PLATE02 177
      • Description 177
      • Objective 177
      • Procedure 177
      • Comments 178
      • 10.6.4. CURVED COLUMN 178
      • Objective 178
      • 10.6.5. STAND 178
      • Description 178
      • Objective 178
      • Procedure 178
      • Comments 179
      • 10.6.6. CURVED SHEET 179
      • Description 179
      • Objective 179
      • Procedure 179
      • Chapter 1 1
      • Vibration Analysis 181
      • 11.1. Modal Superposition Method 181
      • 11.2. Time Response Analysis 183
      • 11.3. Frequency Response Analysis 186
      • 11.4. Nonlinear Vibration Analysis 190
      • 11.5. Hands-On Exercises 192
      • 11.5.1. HAMMER - Impulse Load 192
      • Description 192
      • Objective 192
      • Procedure 192
      • Comments 193
      • 11.5.2. HAMMER - Beating 193
      • Description 193
      • Objective 193
      • Procedure 193
      • Comments 194
      • 11.5.3. ELBOW PIPE 194
      • Description 194
      • Objective 194
      • Procedure 194
      • Comments 194
      • Contents xv
      • 11.5.4. CENTRIFUGE 194
      • Description 194
      • Objective 195
      • Procedure 195
      • Comments 195
      • 11.5.5. PLANK 195
      • Description 195
      • Objective 195
      • Procedure 195
      • Comments 196
      • Chapter 1 2
      • Thermal Analysis 199
      • 12.1. Heat Flow by Conduction 200
      • 12.2. Heat Flow by Convection 201
      • 12.3. Heat Transfer by Radiation 203
      • 12.4. Modeling Considerations in Thermal Analysis 204
      • 12.5. Challenges in Thermal Analysis 206
      • 12.6. Hands-On Exercises 207
      • 12.6.1. BRACKET04 207
      • Description 207
      • Objective 207
      • Procedure 207
      • Comments 207
      • 12.6.2. HEAT SINK 207
      • Description 207
      • Objective 207
      • Procedure 207
      • Comments 208
      • 12.6.3. CHANNEL 208
      • Description 208
      • Objective 208
      • Procedure 208
      • Comments 208
      • 12.6.4. SPACE HEATER 209
      • Description 209
      • Objective 209
      • Procedure 209
      • Comments 209
      • Contentsxvi
      • Chapter 1 3
      • Implementation of Finite Element Analysis in
      • the Design Process 211
      • 13.1. Differences between CAD and FEA Geometry 211
      • 13.1.1. Defeaturing 212
      • 13.1.2. Idealization 213
      • 13.1.3. Cleanup 214
      • 13.2. Common Meshing Problems 216
      • 13.3. Mesh Adequacy 218
      • 13.4. Integration of CAD and FEA Programs 219
      • 13.4.1. Stand-Alone FEA Programs 219
      • 13.4.2. FEA Programs Integrated with CAD 219
      • 13.4.3. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Programs 219
      • 13.5. FEA Implementation 220
      • 13.5.1. Positioning of CAD and FEA Activities 220
      • 13.5.2. Personnel Training 221
      • 13.5.3. FEA Program Selection 223
      • 13.5.4. Hardware Selection 225
      • 13.5.5. Building Confidence in FEA 225
      • 13.5.6. Return on Investment 226
      • 13.6. FEA Project 226
      • 13.6.1. Before FEA Project Starts 227
      • 13.6.2. Establish the Scope of Analysis 227
      • 13.6.3. Create the Mathematical Model 227
      • 13.6.4. Create the Finite Element Model and Solve It 228
      • 13.6.5. Review the Results 228
      • 13.6.6. Presentation of the Results 229
      • 13.6.7. FEA Report 230
      • 13.6.8. Project Documentation and Backups 231
      • 13.6.9. Contracting Out FEA Services 231
      • 13.6.10. Common Errors in Management of FEA Projects 232
      • Chapter 1 4
      • Summary 235
      • 14.1. FEA Quiz 235
      • 14.2. Frequently Asked Questions 238
      • Contents xvii
      • Chapter 1 5
      • FEA Resources 249
      • Chapter 1 6
      • Glossary 253
      • Chapter 1 7
      • List of Exercises 259
      • Index 261
      • About the Author 265

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