Description
Book SynopsisThere are many diagnostic imaging techniques for the radiological exarmna- tion of the abdomen. Noninvasive methods include supine and upright views of the abdomen (sometimes fluoroscopy and decubitus films); posteroanterior (PA) views of the chest; contrast studies of the alimentary tract; ultrasonogra- phy (US), scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biopsy under fluoroscopic control and angiography are inva- sive techniques. Most of the errors described in this book are related to faulty interpretation; others are due to improper technique. For example, a patient with acute abdominal pain secondary to a perforated hollow viscus may be studied only by supine and upright views of the abdomen that do not include the subdi- aphragmatic regions. A complementary PA view of the chest or a left lateral decubitus film would, however, detect free air in the pentoneal cavity that the incomplete two-film study might have missed. Errors of techmque are due to under- or overexposure, long exammation times or an uncooperative patient (both of which can induce motion artIfacts), improper processing, and failure to perform the proper standard noninvasive or mvaSlVe modalitIes for examining the hollow viscus and the solid organs of the alimentary tract. In order to visualize the diaphragm and the supra- and mfradiaphragmatIc spaces, frontal and lateral chest roentgenograms complement the standard views of the abdomen. Fluoroscopy IS of great value m assessing diaphrag- matic motion as well as being essential when contrast media are utilized.
Table of ContentsInterpretation of Radiological Examination.- Atlas.- Hepatic Pseudolesions.- Heart Motion.- Ligamentum Teres.- Bowel Interposition.- Enlarged Umbilical Veins.- Accessory Hepatic Fissure.- Congenital Anomalies of the Liver.- Dysplastic Liver Secondary to Omphalocele.- Absent Left Lobe.- Benign Liver Tumor Simulating Metastasis.- Cavernous Hemangioma.- Cavernous Hemangioma (MRI and CT).- Liver Infarcts Simulating Metastases.- Zand Infarcts.- Fatty Metamorphosis Simulating Liver Tumors.- Diffuse Fatty Infiltration.- Single Focal Fatty Mass.- Multiple Fatty Masses.- Juxtahepatic Tumor Simulating Liver Neoplasia.- Sarcoma of IVC.- Pseudosplenomegaly.- Enlarged Left Lobe of Liver.- Enlarged Left Kidney and Displaced Spleen.- “Wandering” Spleen.- Ectopic Spleen Simulating a Right Flank Tumor.- Ectopic Spleen.- Malrotation of the Spleen Simulating Left Adrenal or Pancreatic Tumor.- Malrotated Spleen.- Accessory Spleen, Heterotopic Splenic Tissue, and Splenic Remnants Simulating Tumors.- Accessory Spleen.- Heterotopic Spleen.- Splenic Remnant.- Normal Pancreas.- Cast-Corrosion Study of Duodenum, Pancreas, Spleen, Left Adrenal Gland, and Left Kidney.- Left Pseudoadrenal Tumor.- Normal Dorsally Directed Tail of the Pancreas.- Relocated Tail of the Pancreas Following Left Nephrectomy.- Pseudoretrogastric Mass Secondary to Fat.- Abundant Pancreatic and Peripancreatric Fat.- Focal Adiposity Simulating Retroduodenal Tumor.- Retroperitoneal Pseudotumor Due to Absence of Retroperitoneal Fat.- Emaciated Patient.- Pseudogastric Dilatation.- Injected Pancreatic Pseudocyst Simulating Gastric Dilatation.- Pseudotumor of Tail of the Pancreas.- Traumatic Aneurysm of Splenic Artery.- Splenic Arteriovenous Fistula Simulating a Mass in the Tail of the Pancreas.- Gastric Pseudoneoplasia.- Gastric Varices.- Pseudointernal Hernia.- Bowel Relocation Secondary to Agenesis of the Right Kidney.- Left Pseudoparaduodenal Hernia.- Retractile Mesenteritis with Mesenteric Fatty Mass and Adherent Bowel Loops.- Pelvic Mass Thought to Be Secondary to Colonic Pathology Pelvic Kidneys.- Pseudocancer of the Large Bowel Secondary to Ischemic Colitis.- Cecal Infarction.- Chronic Ulcerative Colitis with Superimposed Ischemic Colitis.- Segmental Ischemic Colitis.- Pseudoneoplasia Caused by Ischemic Malabsorption.- Chronic Intestinal Ischemia Simulating Malignancy.- Lesions Mimicking Carcinoma.- Intramural Hematomas of the Esophagus.- Pseudocalculi.- Pseudocalculi Due to Layering of Contrast Media.- Iatrogenic Disease.- Iatrogenic Short Bowel Syndrome.- Paravertebral Pseudomass Caused by Retroperitoneal Fat.- Normal Variant.- Retroperitoneal Pseudotumor Caused by Fat.- Fat Accumulation in the Left Paravertebral Region Displacing Left Ureter.- Extrinsic Cecal Pseudomass.- Psoas Hypertrophy.- Pseudoadrenal Mass Caused by Enlarged Veins.- Patient with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Portal Hypertension.- Pseudohepatic Tumor Simulated by Adrenal Tumor.- Carcinoma of the Right Adrenal Gland.- Pseudohepatomegaly Simulated by Large Adrenal Tumor.- Nonfunctioning Pheochromocytoma of the Right Adrenal Gland.- Appendix: Tables 1-6.
