Description
Book SynopsisThis book addresses the scientific principles underlying electrochemistry. Starting with basic concepts of electricity, early chapters discuss the physics and chemistry of electrochemical cell materials and the properties that make them appropriate as cell components.
Trade Review“Students will find it a good starting point to discover electrochemistry, which was pointed out as the primary objective by the authors. Job well done!.” (Chromatographia, 1 August 2013)
Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Electricity 1
Electric Charge 1
Charges at Rest 3
Capacitance and Conductance 8
Mobilities 18
Electrical Circuits 21
Alternating Electricity 23
Summary 28
2 Chemistry 29
Chemical Reactions 29
Gibbs Energy 30
Activity 33
Ionic Solutions 38
Ionic Activity Coefficients 41
Chemical Kinetics 46
Summary 52
3 Electrochemical Cells 55
Equilibrium Cells 55
Cells not at Equilibrium 60
Cells with Junctions 64
Summary 69
4 Electrosynthesis 71
Metal Production 71
The Chloralkali Industry 74
Organic Electrosynthesis 75
Electrolysis of Water 77
Selective Membranes 79
Summary 83
5 Electrochemical Power 85
Types of Electrochemical Power Source 85
Battery Characteristics 86
Primary Batteries 88
Secondary Batteries 94
Fuel Cells 100
Summary 104
6 Electrodes 105
Electrode Potentials 105
Standard Electrode Potentials 109
The Nernst Equation 111
Electrochemical Series 113
Working Electrodes 117
Summary 123
7 Electrode Reactions 125
Faraday’s Law 125
Kinetics of a Simple Electron Transfer 130
Multi-step Electrode Reactions 137
Summary 144
8 Transport 145
Flux Density 145
Three Transport Modes 148
Migration 149
Diffusion 154
Diffusion and Migration 158
Convection 161
Fluxes at Electrodes and in the Bulk 165
Summary 170
9 Green Electrochemistry 171
Sensors for Pollution Control 171
Stripping Analysis 177
Electrochemical Purification of Water 182
Electrochemistry of Biological Cells 186
Summary 192
10 Electrode Polarization 193
Three Causes of Electrode Polarization 193
Ohmic Polarization 197
Kinetic Polarization 200
Transport Polarization 202
Multiple Polarizations 205
Polarizations in Two- and Three-Electrode Cells 208
Summary 212
11 Corrosion 213
Vulnerable Metals 213
Corrosion Cells 215
Electrochemical Studies 217
Concentrated Corrosion 222
Fighting Corrosion 224
Extreme Corrosion 228
Summary 229
12 Steady-State Voltammetry 231
Features of Voltammetry 232
Microelectrodes and Macroelectrodes 234
Steady-State Potential-Step Voltammetry 237
The Disk Microelectrode 245
Rotating Disk Voltammetry 248
Shapes of Reversible Voltammograms 252
Summary 258
13 The Electrode Interface 259
Double Layers 259
Adsorption 266
The Interface in Voltammetry 271
Nucleation and Growth 281
Summary 285
14 Other Interfaces 287
Semiconductor Electrodes 287
Phenomena at Liquid*Liquid Interfaces 291
Electrokinetic Phenomena 298
Summary 302
15 Electrochemistry With Periodic Signals 303
Nonfaradaic Effects of A.C. 304
Faradaic Effects of A.C. 305
Equivalent Circuits 313
A.C. Voltammetry 318
Fourier-Transform Voltammetry 322
Summary 328
16 Transient Voltammetry 329
Modeling Transient Voltammetry 329
Potential-Step Voltammetry 334
Pulse Voltammetries 339
Ramped Potentials 346
Multiple Electron Transfers 355
Chemistry Combined with Electrochemistry 357
Controlling Current Instead of Potential 362
Summary 364
Appendix 365
Glossary 365
Absolute and Relative Permittivities 382
Properties of Liquid Water 383
Contents ix
Conductivities and Resistivities 384
Elements with Major Importance in Electrochemistry 386
Transport Properties 388
Standard Gibbs Energies 390
Standard Electrode Potentials 392
Index 393
