Description
Book SynopsisBeginning in 1609, Jesuit missionaries established missions (reductions) among sedentary and non-sedentary native populations in the larger region defined as the Province of Paraguay (Rio de la Plata region, eastern Bolivia). One consequence of resettlement on the missions was exposure to highly contagious old world crowd diseases such as smallpox and measles. Epidemics that occurred about once a generation killed thousands. Despite severe mortality crises such as epidemics, warfare, and famine, the native populations living on the missions recovered. An analysis of the effects of epidemics and demographic patterns shows that the native populations living on the Paraguay and Chiquitos missions survived and retained a unique ethnic identity. A comparative approach that considers demographic patterns among other mission populations place the case study of the Paraguay and Chiquitos missions into context, and show how patterns on the Paraguay and Chiquitos missions differed from other mission populations. The findings challenge generally held assumptions about Native American historical demography.
Trade Review"The text will be of great use to scholars of not only the Jesuit missions but also other orders who worked among the native populations throughout the Americas. As a result of Jackson’s meticulous study of Jesuit records, those interested in the history of medicine, environment, and social conditions in the missions will find in this book a great deal to enjoy." - Bridget María Chesterton, in: Hispanic American Historical Review, 91:1 (2017), pp. 157-158 [doi 10.1215/00182168-3727599] "Es una contribución al debate desarrollado en el marco de la Nueva Historia Misional. Desde hace varias décadas diversos autores norteamericanos, entre los cuales está el propio Robert Jackson, han se˜nalado la importancia de analizar las consecuencias de las misiones para la población indígena y han subrayado, en particular, la importancia de estudiar el cambio demográfico. Algunos investigadores han concedido un peso determinante a elementos ligados al medio ambiente: sequías, cambio climático, presencia de ganado, entre otros. El autor de este libro considera relevantes estos factores, para se˜nalar que la principal razón de la caída de la población indígena fueron las epidemias, en su opinión la gravedad de sus efectos no se reduce al siglo XVI, siguió teniendo incidencia significativa durante los siglos XVII y XVIII, como lo demuestra en este estudio." - María Teresa Álvarez Icaza Longoria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, in: Estudios de Historia Novohispana, 54 (2016), pp. 103–105 "...it is a tour de force of demographic history and helps revise the “Indians are coming to an end” myth. It will be of interest to Río de la Plata specialists, historical demographers, and historians of New Spain’s northern frontiers." - Shawn Michael Austin, in: Journal of Jesuit Studies, 3:1 (2016), pp. 102-104 [DOI: 10.1163/22141332-00301005-05] "By selecting such a late terminus ad quem (almost half a century after suppression of the Jesuits within the Spanish empire by order of King Charles III in 1767), the author is able to demonstrate the degree to which the mission settlements of the Guaranì in particular, and the Chiquitos Indians to a lesser extent, survived, despite significant out-migration, so that, to this day, their descendants still inhabit many of the sites of the ex-mission towns.[...] a significant contribution to the ongoing debate over the long-term implications of 1492 for the indigenous population of the Americas." - Simon Ditchfield, in: The English Historical Review, 132:559 (2017), pp. 1601–1602 [https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cew358]
Table of ContentsGeneral Editor’s Foreword List of Illustrations List of Maps List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Managing the Missions and Social-Cultural Change Chapter 3: Smallpox Epidemics and Smallpox Treatment Chapter 4: Demographic Patterns on the Paraguay and Chiquitos Mission Frontiers Chapter 5: Mission Demographic Patterns among Sedentary and Non-Sedentary Natives on the Frontiers of Spanish America: A Comparative Discussion Chapter 6: Post Jesuit Expulsion Population Trends Chapter 7: Conclusions Appendices Appendix 1: Population of the Paraguay Missions Appendix 2: Females as a Percentage of the Total Population of the Paraguay Missions Appendix 3: Marriages Recorded in the Paraguay Missions, in selected years Appendix4: Vital Rates of the Paraguay Missions Appendix5: Population of the Chiquitos Missions Appendix 6: Females as a percentage of the total population of the Chiquitos Missions Appendix 7: Marriages Recorded in the Chiquitos Missions in selected years Appendix 8: Vital Rates of the Chiquitos Missions Appendix 9: Castillian Weights and Measures Mentioned in the Text Appendix 10: A Note on colonial Spanish American Silver Coins Appendix 11: Area Measurements of Agricultural Land in Spanish America Selected Bibliography
