Description
Book SynopsisIndustry. Culture. Technology. It's time they came together.
Trade ReviewStudents connect well with the theme of convergence...well-written, interesting, thought-provoking." -Judi Puritz Cook, The College of New Jersey
This text is a good introduction to the media industry; covers the basics; easy read "-Gary Guffey, North Carolina A&T State University
This textbook ticks all the boxes that you'd expect from an introduction reader to mass media - history, contemporary issues, a human perspective - in an engaging way... A great text for instructors and students alike." -Simon Lavis, The Ohio State University
This is the best introductorytextbook available with respect to staying in the moment of the change taking place within the media industry and, as a result, within our media culture. * Thom Gencarelli, Manhattan College *
This is an excellent textbook for anyone teaching a course on converging media. It provides compelling story about the challenges we face in understanding a rapidly changing media landscape. * Steven Keeler, Cayuga Community College *
Table of ContentsCONTENTS Preface About the Authors Part 1 The Changing Media Landscape Chapter 1 Mass Communication and Its Digital Transformation 1.1 Telephony: Case Study in Convergence 1.2 Three Types of Convergence Technological Convergence Economic Convergence Cultural Convergence 1.3 Implications of Convergence Media Organization Media Type Media Content Media Use Media Distribution Media Audience Media Profession Attitudes and Values 1.4 Mass Communication in the Digital Age Interpersonal Communication Mass Communication Mass Communication and Convergence 1.5 Functions of Mass Communication Surveillance Correlation Cultural Transmission Entertainment 1.6 Television: The Future of Convergence Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features MEDIA PIONEERS: Oprah Winfrey INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Translating is Not Child's Play CONVERGENCE CULTURE: The Reflective Black Mirror ETHICS IN MEDIA: Do You Pay More if You Own a Mac? Chapter 2 Media Literacy in the Digital Age 2.1 Education and Media 2.2 What Is Media Literacy? 2.3 What Makes Mediated Communication Different? Semiotics Framing 2.4 Early Concerns of Media Effects 2.5 Media Grammar Print Media Radio and Recorded Music Film and Television Digital-Media Grammar 2.6 Implications of Commercial Media Commercial-Media Debate Concentration of Media Ownership 2.7 Media Bias 2.8 Developing Critical Media-Literacy Skills Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features MEDIA PIONEERS: Marshall McLuhan INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Mobile Telephony in the Developing World ETHICAL DEBATES: When Media Report Rape Allegations CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Evaluating Online Information Chapter 3 Media Theory and Research 3.1 Role of Theory and Research Mass Society, Mass Communication 3.2 Theories of Communication Transmission Models Critical Theory and Cultural Studies 3.3 Media-Effects Research Propaganda and the Magic Bullet Payne Fund Radio's Wider Impact Television and Violence Limited Effects Cultivation Analysis Spiral of Silence Third-Person Effect Criticisms of Media-Effects Research 3.4 Understanding the Audience Audiences Creating Meaning Uses and Gratifications Encoding/Decoding Reception Analysis Framing 3.5 Cultural Studies Ideology and the Culture Industry Criticisms of Cultural Studies 3.6 Sociohistorical Frameworks Information Society Political Economy Media Ecology Agenda Setting 3.7 New Directions in Media Research 3.8 Media Research: What Type of Science Is It? Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Qualitative and Quantitative Research Working Together Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Do FPS Games Cause Violence? MEDIA PIONEERS: Nonny de la Peña INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: "A Habit of Being Right on the Things" ETHICS IN MEDIA: Instagram and Body Image Part 2 Mass-Communication Formats Chapter 4 Print Media: BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS, AND MAGAZINES 4.1 Functions of Print Media Transmission of Culture Diffusion of Ideas and Knowledge Entertainment 4.2 Distinctive Functions of Books 4.3 History of Books to Today Monastic Scribes Johannes Gutenberg Beginnings of Mass Communication and Mass Literacy Cheaper and Smaller Books Dime Novels Mass-Market Paperbacks Print-on-Demand Ebooks 4.4 Current Book-Industry Issues 4.5 Sales and Readership of Books 4.6 Outlook for Books 4.7 Distinctive Functions of Newspapers Local Newspapers National Newspapers 4.8 History of Newspapers to Today The Commercial Press and the Partisan Press Colonial Readership and Finances The Golden Age of Newspapers 4.9 Current Newspaper-Industry Issues Newspaper Chains Benefits of Chains Problems with Chains Leading Newspaper Chains Declining Number of Newspapers 4.10 Sales and Readership of Newspapers Circulation and Readership Advertising 4.11 Outlook for Newspapers 4.12 Distinctive Functions of Magazines 4.13 History of Magazines to Today 4.14 Current Magazine-Industry Issues 4.15 Sales and Readership of Magazines 4.16 Outlook for Magazines Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Have Ebooks Finally Gone Over the Great Wall in China? CONVERGENCE CULTURE: When the Funnies Get Serious MEDIA PIONEERS: Ruben Salazar Chapter 5 Audio Media: MUSIC RECORDINGS, RADIO 5.1 The Recording Industry 5.2 Distinctive Functions of the Recording Industry 5.3 History of Recorded Music From Tin Pan Alley to Hollywood Roots of Rock and Roll Redefining Rock 5.4 The Recording Industry Today 5.5 Recording-Industry Business Model Creation Promotion Distribution Pricing Structure 5.6 Outlook for the Recording Industry Digital Rights Management and Illegal File Sharing New Business Models Emerging 5.7 What Is Broadcasting? 5.8 Radio 5.9 Distinctive Functions of Radio 5.10 History of Radio Wireless Telegraphy Exploring Radio's Early Potential Voice Transmission Radio Before, During, and After WWI Widespread Public Adoption of Radio FM Radio, Edwin Howard Armstrong, and David Sarnoff Creating a Viable Business Model for Radio The Rise of Radio Networks Consolidation in Radio Station Ownership 5.11 The Radio Industry Today 5.12 Radio Station Programming 5.13 Outlook for the Radio Industry Podcasting Satellite Radio Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features MEDIA PIONEERS: Lil Nas X ETHICAL DEBATES: Mashed-Up and Mixed-Up Musical Ethics CONVERGENCE CULTURE: NPR and PRI: America's Public Radio Networks INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Trusting in the Power of the Airwaves Chapter 6 Visual Media: PHOTOGRAPHY, MOVIES, AND TELEVISION 6.1 Photography History of Photography Photographic Industry Today 6.2 Movies 6.3 History of the Movie Industry Silent Era: New Medium, New Technologies, New Storytelling Méliès,Griffith and Weber Murnau, Flaherty, and Eisenstein Sound and Color Hollywood Movie Moguls Warner Brothers Walt Disney Samuel Goldwyn Marcus Loew Louis B. Mayer Hollywood Star System The Director as Auteur Technological Influences on Movie Genres Other Entertainment Sources for Movies DVDs And Streaming 6.4 Movie Industry Today 6.5 Marketing and Distribution for Movies 6.6 Movie-Industry Business Model 6.7 Outlook for the Movie Industry 6.8 Television 6.9 History of Television Seeing the Light: The First Television Systems Modern Television Takes Shape Programming and Genre Influences Pushing the Programming Envelope Cable Comes of Age Filling the Days Filling the Nights Sports Reality Shows Digital Television: Preparing the Way for Convergence The Rise of Flat-Panel Displays 6.10 Television Distribution Broadcast TV Cable TV Satellite TV 6.11 Television Industry Today Cable System Structure Satellite Versus Cable Versus IPTV 6.12 Television-Industry Business Model 6.13 Outlook for the Television Industry Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Breaking the Silence Around Molestation DIGITAL DEBATES: The Photojournalist's Dilemma: Immersion in Conflict MEDIA PIONEERS: Kathleen Kennedy CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Home Theater-Really, This Time Chapter 7 Interactive Media: THE INTERNET, VIDEO GAMES, AND VIRTUAL REALITY 7.1 Interactivity Defined 7.2 Interactive Media Versus Mass Media 7.3 Historical Development of User Interfaces Television Interfaces Intuitive Interfaces Keyboards Computer Mouse Touchscreens Natural Input Methods Graphical User Interfaces 7.4 Historical Development of the Internet and the World Wide Web Internet Protocol World Wide Web Graphical Web Browsers Search Engines Broadband Distribution Dynamics 7.5 Video Games 7.6 Historical Development of Video Games 7.7 Types of Video Games 7.8 Video-Game Industry 7.9 Trends in Video Games 7.10 Gamification 7.11 Virtual Reality 7.12 Ethics of Interactive Media Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Can the Internet Save Endangered Languages? MEDIA PIONEERS: Hironobu Sakaguchi CONVERGENCE CULTURE: What Do Video Games Do to You? ETHICS IN MEDIA: Epic Games Epic Fines Part 3 Media Perspectives Chapter 8 The Impact of Social Media 8.1 Defining Social Media Dialogic Communication Social Production 8.2 What Is "Social" About Social Media? Choice Conversation Curation Creation Collaboration 8.3 Types of Social Media Email Discussion Boards and Web Forums Chat Rooms Blogs and Microblogs Wikis Social-Networking Sites 8.4 Producers and Produsers Reputation, Ratings, and Trust Privacy Transparency 8.5 Social Media: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Are Social Media Making Us Less Social? Are Social Media Making Us Dumber? Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Behind the Great Firewall MEDIA PIONEERS: Jack Dorsey CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Are We Really Separated by Six Degrees? ETHICS IN MEDIA: Cybershaming and Cyberbullying: New Twists on Old Problems Chapter 9 Journalism: From Information to Participation 9.1 What Is News? 9.2 The Historical Development of Journalism News Values and the Associated Press Pulitzer and Hearst: The Circulation Wars, Sensationalism, and Standards Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst The Rise of Electronic Journalism Murrow and News in TV's Golden Age Changes in Television News 9.3 Foundations of Journalism The Hutchins Commission and a Free and Responsible Press Separation of Editorial and Business Operations Fairness and Balance in News Coverage Framing the News Expert Sources 9.4 From Event to Public Eye: How News Is Created Gathering the News Producing the News Distributing the News 9.5 Types of Journalism Alternative Journalism Public Journalism Citizen Journalism Constructive Journalism An International Perspective 9.6 Journalism in the Digital World Nontraditional Sources Online User Habits Personalization Contextualization Convergence 9.7 The Business of Journalism Salaries Diversity in the Newsroom Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features MEDIA PIONEERS: Mary Ann Shadd Cary and Ida B. Wells INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: The Panama Papers CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Digital News Organizations Come into Their Own ETHICS IN MEDIA: What is "Fake News," Exactly? Chapter 10 Public Relations: Building Relationships Through Strategic Communications 10.1 Strategic Communications Persuasive Communications Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) The Role of Media in Persuasion 10.2 Public Relations The Historical Development of Public Relations Trends in the Development of Public Relations PR and Media Relations Pseudo-Events Distributing News to the Media in the Digital Age Finding Sources Online PR Firms and the PR Industry 10.3 Changing Trends in PR Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: PR Gets a Red Card at the World Cup MEDIA PIONEERS: Doris E. Fleischman CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Hard Landing for the Airline Industry ETHICS IN MEDIA: Fooling Most of the People Most of the Time . . . Digitally Chapter 11 Advertising: THE POWER OF PERSUASION 11.1 Advertising The Historical Development of Advertising Advertising Agencies Commercial Television Internet The Rise of Branding Selling Products, Selling Ideas Advertising Channels Print Media Electronic Media Outdoor Direct Mail Advertising in a Digital World Cookies Email Marketing Banner Ads Pop-Ups and Video Classifieds and Auction Sites Search-Engine Ads Mobile Advertising In-Game Advertising Behavioral Advertising Viral Marketing Native Advertising The Advertising Business Advertising Agencies 11.2 Changing Trends in Advertising Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features MEDIA PIONEERS: Madame C.J. Walker ETHICS IN MEDIA: No Cure for Bad CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Content Marketing: Blurring the Line Between Journalism and Advertising? INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Does Marketing Affect What Drugs We Take? Chapter 12 Media Ethics 12.1 Ethics, Morals, and Laws 12.2 Major Systems of Ethical Reasoning Character, or Virtue Ethics The Golden Rule The Golden Mean Virtue Ethics in Action Duties The Categorical Imperative Discourse Ethics Duties-Based Ethics in Action Consequences Utilitarianism Social Justice Consequence-Based Ethics in Action Relationships, or Dialogical Ethics Ethics of Care Moral Relativism 12.3 Issues in Ethical Decision Making 12.4 Role of Commercialism in Media Ethics Media Types Influencing Content 12.5 Ethics in Journalism Privacy Rights Versus the Public's Right to Know Going Undercover Victimizing the Victims Misrepresentation and Plagiarism Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics 12.6 Ethical Issues in Advertising Deceptive Advertising Puffery Conflicts of Interest in Advertising Advertising Codes of Ethics 12.7 Ethics in Public Relations Conflicts of Interest in PR Public Relations Codes of Ethics 12.8 Ethics in Entertainment Stereotypes in Entertainment Sex and Violence Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Global Action: Uniting Women Worldwide Through Social Networks ETHICAL DEBATES: Dialogical Ethics in Action CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Forbidden Fruit MEDIA PIONEERS: Naomi Klein Part 4 Media and Society Chapter 13 Communication Law and Regulation in the Digital Age 13.1 The Legal Framework 13.2 The Foundations of Freedom of Expression National Security Clear and Present Danger Prior Restraint Libel New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) Protecting Journalists Against Libel Shield Laws Censorship The Censorship of Comics The Hays Code Indecent Content Obscenity Criticism, Ridicule, or Humor 13.3 Regulating Electronic Media Early Days and the Radio Act of 1912 (1911-1926) Increasing Regulation and the Federal Radio Commission (1927-1933) The Communications Act and Spectrum Scarcity (1934-1995) The Telecommunications Act and the Internet (1996-Present) International Electronic Media Regulation 13.4 The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Universal Service The FCC, License Renewal, and Regulatory Power Spectrum Auction 13.5 Regulating Commercial and Political Speech Commercial Speech Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Advertising Unclear Regulatory Boundaries Political Speech Equal-Time Rule Fairness Doctrine 13.6 Children's Programming Protections The Children's Television Act Violent and Sexual Programming: The V-Chip 13.7 Intellectual Property Rights Fair Use 13.8 Privacy 13.9 Legal Issues in the Digital World Digital Rights Management Privacy Content Rights and Responsibilities Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features MEDIA PIONEERS: Andrew Chung, Lawrence Hurley, Andrea Januta, Jaimi Dowdell and Jackie Botts CONVERGENCE CULTURE: The Great Network Neutrality Debate INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: The Rise and Fall of Russian Media ETHICAL DEBATES: Does the Punishment Fit the Crime? Chapter 14 Mass Communication and Politics in the Digital Age 14.1 Journalism and Political Coverage Politicians Using the News Sound Bites and Horse Races The Changing Tone of Television Political Coverage Opinion Polls 14.2 Political Advertising Impact of Negative Advertising Effectiveness of Negative Advertising 14.3 Politics and Entertainment Political Campaigns and Entertainment Political Debates 14.4 Social Media and Political Campaigns Changes With Social Media Changing Rules for Politicians 14.5 Social Media and Civic Engagement Databases and Government Transparency Smart Mobs 14.6 Political Polarization and Media Habits Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features ETHICAL DEBATES: Can Imagery Lead to Action? CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Super PACS and Media INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: Crowdsourcing Election Monitoring MEDIA PIONEERS: Bill Adair Chapter 15 Global Media in the Digital Age 15.1 Four Theories of International Mass Communication Authoritarian Theory Libertarian Theory Social Responsibility Theory Soviet Theory 15.2 The Public, the Public Sphere, and Public Opinion 15.3 Political and Socioeconomic Issues with Global Media Media in Developing Countries Searching for Truth: Self-Censorship in China The Digital Divide 15.4 Global Media, Local Values New Worlds-Or Cultural Imperialism? Convergence and Its Discontents Globalization of Media Production Global Media Flow Protecting Local Voices Some Developing Nations A Neighbo(u)ring Nation Promoting Global Voices Cybersecurity and Media Media Careers Looking Back and Moving Forward FURTHER READING Features ETHICAL DEBATES: Humor and Ethics: The Role of Satire and Religion CONVERGENCE CULTURE: Breaking News on a Global Scale MEDIA PIONEERS: Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim Glossary G-1 Notes N-1 Credits C-1 Index I-1
