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Book SynopsisThe encyclopedia will be an invaluable source of information for researchers and students from diverse backgrounds including physics, chemistry, materials science and surface engineering, biotechnology, pharmacy, medical science, and biomedical engineering. .
Table of Contents1 Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber Coatings: Application in High Voltage Substations 3
Kiriakos Siderakis and Dionisios Pylarinos
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Pollution of High Voltage Insulators 4
1.3 Silicone Coatings for High Voltage Ceramic Insulators 5
1.4 RTV SIR Coatings Formulation 6
1.5 Hydrophobicity in RTV SIR 10
1.6 Electrical Performance of RTV SIR Coatings 13
1.7 Conclusions 13
References 13
2 Silicone Copolymers: Enzymatic Synthesis and Properties 19
Yadagiri Poojari
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Polysiloxanes 20
2.3 Silicone Aliphatic Polyesters 20
2.4 Silicone Aliphatic Polyesteramides 21
2.5 Silicone Fluorinated Aliphatic Polyesteramides 21
2.6 Silicone Aromatic Polyesters and Polyamides 21
2.7 Silicone Polycaprolactone 22
2.8 Silicone Polyethers 23
2.9 Silicone Sugar Conjugates 24
2.10 Stereo-Selective Esterification of Organosiloxanes 24
2.11 Conclusion and Outlook 25
Acknowledgments 25
References 25
3 Phosphorus Containing Siliconized Epoxy Resins 27
S. Ananda Kumar, M. Alagar and M. Mandhakini
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Preparation of Siliconized Epoxy-Bismaleimide Intercrosslinked Matrices 29
3.3 Phosphorus-Containing Siliconized Epoxy Resin as Thermal and Flame Retardant Coatings 31
3.4 High Functionality Resins for the Fabrication of Nanocomposites 33
3.5 Anticorrosive and Antifouling Coating Performance of Siloxane- and Phosphorus-Modified Epoxy Composites 39
3.6 Summary and Conclusion 46
Acknowledgement 48
References 49
4 Nanostructured Silicone Materials 51
Joanna Lewandowska-Lañcucka, Mariusz Kepczynski and Maria Nowakowska
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Solid Particles 52
4.3 Nanocapsules 56
4.4 Ultra-Thin Silicone Films 60
4.5 Conclusion and Outlook 61
References 62
5 High Refractive Index Silicone 65
Zulkifli Ahmad
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 Theory of RI 66
5.3 High Refractive Index Silicone 69
5.4 Applications 71
5.5 Conclusion and Outlook 74
6 Irradiation Induced Chemical and Physical Effects in Silicones 75
R. Huszank
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 Sources of Irradiation 76
6.3 Irradiation-Induced Chemical Effects in Silicones 77
6.4 Irradiation-Induced Physical Effects in Silicones 81
6.5 Conclusion and Outlook 83
7 Developments and Properties of Reinforced Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites 85
Suneel Kumar Srivastava and Bratati Pradhan
7.1 Introduction 85
7.2 Different Types of Nanofillers Used in Silicone Rubber (SR) 86
7.3 Preparation of Silicone Rubber (SR) Nanocomposites 89
7.4 Morphology of Silicone Rubber (SR) Nanocomposites 90
7.5 Properties of Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites 94
7.6 Conclusion and Outlook 105
References 105
8 Functionalization of Silicone Rubber Surfaces towards Biomedical Applications 111
Lígia R. Rodrigues and Fernando Dourado
8.1 Introduction 111
8.2 Silicone Rubber – Material of Excellence for Biomedical Applications? 111
8.3 Surface Modification of Silicone Rubber 113
8.4 Conclusion and Outlook 119
References 120
9 Functionalization of Colloidal Silica Nanoparticles and Their Use in Paint and Coatings 123
Peter Greenwood and Anders Törncrona
9.1 Introduction to Colloidal Silica 123
9.2 Chemistry of Silica Surface Functionalization by Organosilanes 124
9.3 Characterization and Product Properties of Silane-Modified Silica Dispersions 125
9.4 Applications for Silanized Silica Nanoparticles in Paint and Coatings 130
9.5 Conclusion and Outlook 139
References 139
10 Surface Modification of PDMS in Microfluidic Devices 141
Wenjun Qiu, Chaoqun Wu and Zhigang Wu
10.1 Introduction 141
10.2 PDMS Surface Modification Techniques 142
10.3 Characterization Techniques 147
10.4 Discussion and Perspectives 148
Part 2: Characterization 151
11 The Development and Application of NMR Methodologies for the Study of Degradation in Complex Silicones 153
Robert S. Maxwell, James Lewicki, Brian P. Mayer, Amitesh Maiti and Stephen J. Harley
11.1 Introduction 153
11.2 Applications of NMR for Characterizing Silicones 155
11.3 Highlights of Recent Advances in NMR Methodology 159
11.4 Conclusions and Outlook 173
Acknowledgements 173
12 Applications of Some Spectroscopic Techniques on Silicones and Precursor to Silicones 177
Atul Tiwari
12.1 Introduction 177
12.2 Fourier Transformation Infrared and Spectroscopy of Silicones 178
12.3 Raman Spectroscopy of Silicones 181
12.4 FTIR-Assisted Chemical Component Analysis in Thermal Degradation of Silicones 182
12.5 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Silicones 183
12.6 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy 187
12.7 Conclusion and Outlook 187
Acknowledgement 187
References 188
13 Degradative Thermal Analysis of Engineering Silicones 191
James P. Lewicki and Robert S. Maxwell
13.1 Degradative Thermal Analysis of Engineering Silicones 191
13.2 Conclusions and Outlook 209
Acknowledgments 209
References 209
14 High Frequency Properties and Applications of Elastomeric Silicones 211
Charan M. Shah, Withawat Withayachumnankul, Madhu Bhaskaran and Sharath Sriram
14.1 Introduction 211
14.2 Silicone Microdevice Fabrication 212
14.3 Properties of Silicone at Radio Frequencies (1–20 GHz) 213
14.4 Properties of Silicone at Terahertz Frequencies (0.2 THz – 4.0 THz) 220
14.5 Conclusion and Outlook 223
Acknowledgements 223
References 223
15 Mathematical Modeling of Drug Delivery from Silicone Devices Used in Bovine Estrus Synchronization 225
Ignacio M. Helbling, Juan C.D. Ibarra and Julio A. Luna
15.1 Introduction 225
15.2 Bovine Estrous Cycle 226
15.3 Bovine Estrus Synchronization 228
15.4 Controlled Release Silicone Devices 230
15.5 Mathematical Modeling 232
15.6 Conclusion and Outlook 237
References 238
16 Safety and Toxicity Aspects of Polysiloxanes (Silicones) Applications 243
Krystyna Mojsiewicz-Pieñkowska
16.1 Introduction 243
16.2 Business Strategy for Manufacturing and Sale of Polysiloxanes 243
16.3 Chemical Aspects 244
16.4 Speciation Analysis 245
16.5 Application Areas and Direct Human Contact with Polysiloxanes (Silicones) 246
16.6 Toxicological Aspects 247
16.7 Conclusion and Outlook 249
References 249
17 Structure Properties Interrelations of Silicones for Optimal Design in Biomedical Prostheses 253
Petroula A. Tarantili
17.1 Introduction 253
17.2 Materials and Methods 259
17.3 Discussion of Results 260
17.4 Conclusions and Outlook 267
References 269
Part 3: Applications 273
18 Silicone-Based Soft Electronics 275
Shi Cheng
18.1 Introduction 275
18.2 Silicone-Based Passive Soft Electronics 276
18.3 Silicone-Based Integrated Active Soft Electronics 284
18.4 Conclusion 292
Acknowledgements 292
References 292
19 Silicone Hydrogels Materials for Contact Lens Applications 293
José M. González-Meijome, Javier González-Pérez, Paulo R.B. Fernandes, Daniela P. Lopes-Ferreira, Sergio Mollá and Vicente Compañ
19.1 Introduction 293
19.2 Synthesis and Development of Materials 294
19.3 Surface Properties 295
19.4 Bulk Properties 298
19.5 Biological Interactions 301
19.6 Load and Release of Products from Contact Lenses 304
19.7 Conclusions 305
Disclosure 306
References 306
20 Silicone Membranes for Gas, Vapor and Liquid Phase Separations 309
Paola Bernardo, Gabriele Clarizia, Johannes Carolus Jansen
20.1 Introduction 309
20.2 Material 309
20.3 Membrane Type and Configuration 310
20.4 Membrane Unit Operations Based on Silicones 314
20.5 Conclusions and Outlook 318
References 318
21 Polydimethyl Siloxane Elastomers in Maxillofacial Prosthetic Use 321
H. Serdar Çötert
21.1 Introduction 321
21.2 Facial Prostheses 322
21.3 Polydimethyl Siloxane Elastomers 328
21.4 Reinforcement 333
21.5 Biocompatibility and the Microbiological Features 334
21.6 Future Studies 335
Acknowledgements 335
References 335
22 Silicone Films for Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensing
Guillermo Orellana, Juan López-Gejo and Bruno Pedras
22.1 Introduction 339
22.2 Silicone Chemistry and Technology Related to Optical Chemical Sensing 340
22.3 Gas Permeability and Optical Sensing 342
22.4 Optical Properties of Silicone Thin Films 345
22.5 Silicone Films for Optical Oxygen Sensing 346
22.6 Silicone Films for Optical Sensing of Other Species 349
22.7 Conclusion 350
Acknowledgements 350
References 350
23 Surface Design, Fabrication and Properties of Silicone Materials for Use in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 355
Nisarg Tambe, Jing Cao, Kewei Xu and Julie A. Willoughby
23.1 Introduction 355
23.2 Silicone Biomaterials 357
23.3 Silicones in Tissue Engineering 359
23.4 Surface Characterization Techniques 366
23.5 Conclusion and Outlook 368
Acknowledgement 368
References 369
24 Silicones for Microfluidic Systems 371
Anna Kowalewska and Maria Nowacka
24.1 Introduction 371
24.2 Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices 372
24.3 Application of PDSM-Based Microfluidic Devices 376
24.4 Summary and Outlook 376
References 376
25 Silicone Oil in Biopharmaceutical Containers: Applications and Recent Concerns 381
Nitin Dixit and Devendra S. Kalonia
25.1 Introduction 381
25.2 Lubrication of Pharmaceutical Containers and Devices 381
25.3 Silicone Oil: A Molecular Perspective 382
25.4 Silicone Oil Coatings in Pharmaceutical Devices 383
25.5 Protein Adsorption to Hydrophobic Interfaces 386
25.6 Physical Stability of Biologics in the Presence of Silicone Oil 389
25.7 Conclusions and Outlook 392
List of Abbreviations 392
References 392
Index
