Explains the proven concept of bow tie barrier analysis for the preventing and mit
Table of Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii
Glossary xv
Acknowledgments xxiii
Online Materials Accompanying this Book xxvii
Preface xxix
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Purpose 1
1.2 Scope and Intended Audience 1
1.3 Organization of this Concept Book 2
1.4 Introduction to the Bow Tie Concept 4
1.5 Conclusions 12
2 THE BOW TIE MODEL 15
2.1 Bow Tie Model Elements 15
2.2 Hazard 17
2.3 Top Event 20
2.4 Consequences 24
2.5 Threats 27
2.6 Barriers 32
2.7 Degradation actors and Degradation Controls 45
2.8 Conclusions 51
3 BOW TIE DEVELOPMENT 53
3.1 Rationale for Bow Tie Development 53
3.2 Bow Tie workshop 53
3.3 Postow Tie Workshop Activities and Quality Checks 64
Conclusions 51
4 ADDRESSING HUMAN FACTORS IN BOW TIE ANALYSIS 69
4.1 Human and Organiational Factors Fundamentals 69
4.2 Standard and MultiLevel Bow Tie Approaches 74
4.3 Human and Organiational Factors as a Barrier or Degradation Control 80
4.4 Validating Human Performance in Barriers and Degradation Controls 84
4.5 Quantifying Human Reliability in Bow Ties 86
4.6 Conclusions 86
5 PRIMARY USES OF BOW TIES 89
5.1 Primary Use Examples 89
5.2 Linking Bow Ties to the Risk Management System 89
5.3 Communication of Major Accident Scenarios and Degradation Controls 94
5.4 Use of Bow Ties in Design and Operations 101
5.5 Identification of Safety Critical Information 107
5.6 Conclusions 113
6 BARRIER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 115
6.1 Barrier Management Strategy 115
6.2 Barrier and Degradation Control Management Program 118
6.3 Organizational Learning 127
6.4 Conclusions 128
7 ADDITIONAL USES OF BOW TIES 131
7.1 Additional Use Examples 131
7.2 Linking Bow Ties to HAZOP, LOPA and SIL 131
7.3 Integrating Bow Ties into ALARP Demonstrations 134
7.4 Operationalizing Bow Ties (MOPO / SOOB) 135
7.5 Incident Investigation using Bow Ties 139
7.6 Real-time Dashboards using Bow Ties 142
7.7 Barrier and Degradation Control Verification 143
7.8 Bow Tie Chaining 144
7.9 Enterprise-wide Analysis and Window on Systemic Risks 146
7.10 Conclusions 147
APPENDIX A – SOFTWARE TOOLS 149
Software used for Bow Tie Diagrams 149
APPENDIX B – CASE STUDY 153
Introduction 153
Volatile Hydrocarbons under Pressure in a Pipeline 153
APPENDIX C – MULTI-LEVEL BOW TIES 161
Multilevel Bow Tie for Tank Overfill 161
References 171
Index 177
