Description
Book SynopsisRuth Garrett Millikan presents a highly original account of cognition - of how we get to grips with the world in thought. The question at the heart of her book is Kant''s ''How is knowledge possible?'', but answered from a contemporary naturalist standpoint. The starting assumption is that we are evolved creatures that use cognition as a guide in dealing with the natural world, and that the natural world is roughly as natural science has tried to describe it. Very unlike Kant, then, we must begin with ontology, with a rough understanding of what the world is like prior to cognition, only later developing theories about the nature of cognition within that world and how it manages to reflect the rest of nature. And in trying to get from ontology to cognition we must traverse another non-Kantian domain: questions about the transmission of information both through natural signs and through purposeful signs including, especially, language. Millikan makes a number of innovations. Central to the book is her introduction of the ideas of unitrackers and unicepts, whose job is to recognize the same again as manifested through the jargon of experience. She offers a direct reference theory for common nouns and other extensional terms; a naturalist sketch of conceptual development; a theory of natural information and of language function that shows how properly functioning language carries natural information; a novel description of the semantics/pragmatics distinction; a discussion of perception as translation from natural informational signs; new descriptions of indexicals, demonstratives and intensional contexts; and a new analysis of the reference of incomplete descriptions.
Trade ReviewBeyond Concepts is an impressive work of systematic philosophy. * Mikio Akagi, The Philosophical Quarterly *
This book is a great philosophical achievement. The breadth and originality of Millikan's view are remarkable. She shows how a naturalistic approach can provide a fresh perspective on central philosophical puzzles and puts forward several new ideas that will engender lively debates. The systematic character of her work is especially impressive - Millikan tackles many different themes, but the various components of her account fit together beautifully and mutually support each other. This book has much to offer to both those already familiar with her work and new readers. * Andrea Onofri, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *
Brilliant. * Geoffrey Pullum, Chronicle of Higher Education *
Table of ContentsPart I 0: Introduction to Part I 1: A Clumpy World 2: Direct Reference for Extensional Terms 3: Introducing Unitrackers and Unicepts 4: Functions of Same-Tracking 5: How Unicepts Get Their Referents 6: Misrepresentation, Redundancy, Equivocity, Emptiness (and Swampman) 7: Some Implications Part II 8: Introduction to Part II 9: Indexicals and Self-Signs 10: An Anatomy of Signs 11: Infosigns and Natural Information 12: Intentional Signs 13: Linguistic Signs 14: Perception, Especially Perception through Language 15: Markers of Identity and Grounded Infosigns 16: Out-side Pragmatics: Descriptions, Quantifiers, Directives Glossary
