Description
Book SynopsisAntioxidant Polymers is an exhaustive overview of the recent developments in the field of polymeric materials showing antioxidant properties. This research area has grown rapidly in the last decade because antioxidant polymers have wide industry applications ranging from materials science to biomedical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Table of ContentsPreface
List of contributors
1. Antioxidants: Introduction 1
Chunhuan He, Yingming Pan, Xiaowen Ji and Hengshan Wang
1.1 The Meaning of Antioxidant 1
1.2 The Category of Antioxidants and Introduction of often Used Antioxidants 2
1.3 Antioxidant Evaluation Methods 8
1.4 Antioxidant and its Mechanisms 13
1.5 Adverse Effects of Antioxidants 15
References 16
2. Natural Polyphenol and Flavonoid Polymers 23
Kelly C. Heim
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Structural Classification of Polyphenols 24
2.3 Polyphenol Biosynthesis and Function in Plants 34
2.4 Tannins in Human Nutrition 36
2.5 Antioxidant Activity of Tannins 41
2.6 Protective Effects of Proanthocyanidins in Human Health 45
2.7 Conclusion 46
Acknowledgements 46
References 47
3. Synthesis and Applications of Polymeric Flavonoids 55
Hiroshi Uyama and Young-Jin Kim
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Polycondensates of Catechin with Aldehydes 57
3.3 Enzymatically Polymerized Flavonoids 69
3.4 Biopolymer-. avonoid Conjugates 76
3.5 Conclusion 84
References 84
4. Antioxidant Polymers: Metal Chelating Agents 87
Hiba M. Zalloum and Mohammad S. Mubarak
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Chitin and Chitosan 91
4.3 Alginates 96
4.4 Chelation Studies 97
4.4.1 Chitosan Derivatives as Chelating Agents 101
4.5 Conclusions 106
References 107
5. Antioxidant Polymers by Chitosan Modi. cation 115
Jarmila Vinšová and Eva Vavr.íková
5.1 Introduction 115
5.2 Chitosan Characteristics 117
5.3 Reactive Oxygen Species and Chitosan as Antioxidant 117
5.4 Structure Modi. cations 120
5.5 Conclusion 129
References 129
6. Cellulose and Dextran Antioxidant Polymers for Biomedical Applications 133
Sonia Trombino, Roberta Cassano and Teresa Ferrarelli
6.1 Introduction 133
6.2 Antioxidant Polymers Cellulose-based 134
6.3 Antioxidant Polymers Dextran-based 142
References 149
7. Antioxidant Polymers by Free Radical Grafting on Natural Polymers 153
Manuela Curcio, Ortensia Ilaria Parisi, Francesco Puoci, Ilaria Altimari, Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri and Nevio Picci
7.1 Introduction 153
7.2 Grafting of Antioxidant Molecules on Natural Polymers 156
7.3 Proteins-based Antioxidant Polymers 157
7.4 Polysaccharides-based Antioxidant Polymers 164
7.5 Conclusions 175
Acknowledgements 176
References 176
8. Natural Polymers with Antioxidant Properties: Poly-/oligosaccharides of Marine Origin 179
Guangling Jiao, Guangli Yu, Xiaoliang Zhao, Junzeng Zhang and H. Stephen Ewart
8.1 Introduction to Polysaccharides from Marine Sources
8.2 Antioxidant Activities of Marine Polysaccharides and their Derivatives 183
8.3 Applications of Marine Antioxidant Polysaccharides and their Derivatives 191
8.4 Structure-antioxidant Relationships of Marine Poly-/oligosaccharides 193
8.5 Conclusions 195
Acknowledgements 195
References 195
9. Antioxidant Peptides from Marine Origin: Sources, Properties and Potential Applications 203
Begoña Giménez, M. Elvira López-Caballero, M. Pilar Montero and M. Carmen Gómez-Guillén
9.1 Introduction 204
9.2 Whole Fish Hydrolysates 207
9.3 Marine Invertebrate Hydrolysates 223
9.4 Fish Frames Hydrolysates 227
9.5 Viscera Hydrolysates 228
9.6 Muscle Hydrolysates 232
9.7 Collagen and Gelatin Hydrolysates 240
9.8 Seaweeds Hydrolysates 243
9.9 Potential Applications 245
9.10 Conclusions 249
Acknowledgements 250
References 250
10. Synthetic Antioxidant Polymers: Enzyme Mimics 259
Cheng Wang, Gang-lin Yan and Gui-min Luo
10.1 Introduction 260
10.2 Organo-selenium/tellurium Compound Mimics 261
10.3 Metal Complex Mimics 281
10.4 Selenoprotein Mimics 295
10.5 Supramolecular Nanoenzyme Mimics 312
10.6 Conclusion 325
References 325
11. Synthetic Polymers with Antioxidant Properties 333
Ashveen V. Nand and Paul A. Kilmartin
11.1 Introduction 334
11.2 Intrinsically Conducting Polymers 335
11.3 Intrinsically Conducting Polymers with Antioxidant Properties 336
11.4 Synthesis of Antioxidant Intrinsically Conducting Polymers 337
11.5 Polymer Morphologies 340
11.6 Mechanism of Radical Scavenging 344
11.7 Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging Capacity 346
11.8 Factors Affecting the Radical Scavenging Activity 348
11.9 Polymer Blends and Practical Applications 350
References 351
12. Synthesis of Antioxidant Monomers Based on Sterically Hindered Phenols, a-Tocopherols, Phosphites and Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) and their Copolymerization with Ethylene, Propylene or Styrene 355
Carl-Eric Wilén
12.1 Introduction 356
12.2 Synthesis of Antioxidant Monomers to Enhance Physical Persistence and Performance of Stabilizers 361
12.3 Phenolic Antioxidant Monomers and their Copolymerization with Coordination Catalysts 369
12.4 Copolymerization of Antioxidant Monomers with Ethylene, Propylene, Styrene and Carbon Monoxide Using Single Site Catalysts 372
12.5 Conclusions 379
Acknowledgements 380
References 380
13. Novel Polymeric Antioxidants for Materials 385
Ashish Dhawan, Vijayendra Kumar, Virinder S. Parmarand Ashok L. Cholli
13.1 Industrial Antioxidants 386
13.2 Antioxidants Used in Plastics (Polymer) Industry 386
13.3 Antioxidants Used in Lubricant Industry 389
13.4 Antioxidants Used in Elastomer (Rubber) Industry 390
13.5 Antioxidants Used in Fuel Industry 392
13.6 Antioxidants Used in Food Industry 393
13.7 Limitations of Conventional Antioxidants 395
13.8 Trends towards High Molecular Weight Antioxidants 396
13.9 Motivation, Design and Methodology for Synthesis of Novel Polymeric Antioxidant Motivation 407
13.10 Biocatalytic Synthesis of Polymeric Antioxidants 409
13.11 General Procedure for Enzymatic Polymerization 410
13.12 Conclusions 421
Acknowledgement 422
References422
14. Biopolymeric Colloidal Particles Loaded with Polyphenolic Antioxidants 427
A.R. Patel and K.P. Velikov
14.1 Introduction 427
14.2 Polyphenols: Antioxidant Properties and Health Benefits 428
14.3 Polyphenols: Formulation and Delivery Challenges 429
14.4 Polyphenols Loaded Biopolymeric Colloidal Particles 431
14.5 Conclusion 454
References 455
15. Antioxidant Polymers for Tuning Biomaterial Biocompatibility: From Drug Delivery to Tissue Engineering 459
David Cochran and Thomas D. Dziubla
15.1 Introduction 459
15.2 Oxidative Stress in Relation to Biocompatibility 460
15.3 Antioxidant Polymers in Drug Delivery 467
15.4 Antioxidant Polymers in Anti-cancer Therapies 470
15.5 Antioxidant Polymers in Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering 472
15.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 476
References 479
Index 485
