Description
Book SynopsisThe past decade has seen a significant increase of research aimed at discovering new drugs for treating cancer, and the increasing number of new antineoplastic drugs approved by regulatory agencies reflects this. Until now, details on the synthesis of these newer agents have been scattered in various journals and in US and European patents. This timely volume deals with the organic chemistry involved in the synthesis of the agents found within antineoplastic drugs, including descriptions of the synthetic schemes for the preparation of over 200 compounds that have been granted non-proprietary names. Compounds are collected in chapters based on the mechanism of action rather than on their chemical structures. Each individual chapter is preceded by a brief description of that mechanism and includes detailed flow charts of the preparation of those compounds accompanied by discussions of the organic chemistry involved in each step. The first half of this volume is dedicated to the syntheses
Table of ContentsPreface ix
Introduction xi
1 Alkylating Agents 1
1.1 bis-Chloroethyl Amines 1
1.2 Several Other Chloroethyl Agents 5
1.3 Platinum-Based Antineoplastic Agents 6
1.4 Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents 8
2 Antimetabolites 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Folate Antagonists 14
2.3 Pyrimidines and Purines 21
3 Hormone Blocking Anticancer Drugs 31
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Estrogen Antagonists 32
3.3 Androgen Antagonists 44
4 Topoisomerase Inhibitors 55
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Anthracyclines 56
4.3 Anthraquinones and Anthrapyrazoles 59
4.4 Camptothecins 65
4.5 Miscellaneous Topoisomerase Inhibitors 74
5 Mitotic Inhibitors 81
5.1 Introduction 81
5.2 Taxanes 82
5.3 Wholly Synthetic Compounds 86
6 Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors 97
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 Hydroxamates 98
7 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors 109
7.1 Introduction 109
7.2 Hydroxamates 110
7.3 Phenylenediamines 113
8 Enzyme Inhibitor, Part I, Tyrosine Kinases 117
8.1 Introduction 117
8.2 Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitors 118
8.3 VEGF 124
8.4 SRC Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase 134
8.5 PDGF 138
8.6 EGF 141
8.7 Other TKI 143
8.8 Janus Kinase Inhibitors 154
9 Enzyme Inhibitors: Part II Additional Targets 161
9.1 Serine–Threonine Kinase Inhibitors 161
9.2 Additional Enzyme Inhibitors 166
10 Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Agents 187
10.1 Acyclic 187
10.2 Monocyclic 188
10.3 Two Linked Rings 190
10.4 Rings on a Chain 191
10.5 Fused Rings 195
Appendix A 203
Combinatorial Chemistry 203
Index of Heterocyclic Sytheses 205
Subject Index 207
