Description
Book SynopsisThis book presents the design requirements of antenna integration for modern commercial devices such as smartphones, dongles, and access points. Practical use-case scenarios of smartphone and the design process of the antenna system for the same are highlighted. The feasibility of scaling up sub-6GHz to mmWave antennas is also discussed in detail followed by a plethora of design examples which could be panel mounted to modern-day commercial smartphones. The unique requirement of gain switchability is introduced with feasible practical antenna designs. High efficiency antennas for 5G base stations is introduced along with a design example on planar all-metallic antenna. Beam switchability requirement for base station is illustrated with a couple of compact antenna system examples. Variety of feeding techniques for mmWave antennas is elaborated in this book. Finally, low-cost antenna designs for future wireless devices are illustrated.
Table of Contents1. Introduction to Future Wireless Devices 1.1 Taxonomy of wireless devices in the market
1.2 Evolution of carrier frequencies
1.3 Why millimeter waves hold the key to future?
1.4 Feasibility of millimeter waves for data links: A reality check
1.5 Remedies for establishing the mmWave data link
1.5.1 Power Constraints
1.5.2 Gains of the antennas of the radios
1.5.3 Distance between the radios
1.5.4 The optimal recipe for mmWave 5G: A case study
1.6 Outline of the book
References
2. Antenna Design Requirements
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Antennas of the previous generations of wireless devices
2.3 Breakout of a typical smartphone
2.3.1 Detailed characteristics of antennas for smartphones
2.3.2 Generic examples and implementation details
2.4 Antenna requirements of a wireless dongle
2.5 Antenna requirements for wearable devices
2.6 Antenna requirements for base stations and access points
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Mobile Terminal Antenna Designs for Data Modes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Need for Orthogonal data modes
3.3 Desired characteristics of the antenna system for data modes
3.4 Why Phased arrays fail?
3.5 A conformal antenna module with Shared ground
3.5.1 Conformal mmWave array
3.5.2 Conformal printed Yagi
3.5.3 Shared ground beam switching module
3.6 Ultra compact vertically mounted end-fire antennas
3.6.1 Compact Yagi antenna
3.6.2 Orthogonal beam switching module
3.7 Conclusion
References
4. Co-design of Sub 6 GHz and Millimeter Wave Antennas for Mobile Terminals
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Desired characteristics of co-designed antennas
4.3 Why multiband antennas would fail for sub-6GHz and mmWave operations?
4.4 Co-design of CPS-fed sub-6GHz antenna with a mmWave conformal array
4.4.1 CPS-fed sub-6GHz antenna
4.4.2 Electrically close integrated design
4.5 Co-design with a compact monopole
4.5.1 Panel mountable microstrip fed sub-6GHz antenna
4.5.2 Orthogonal placement of sub-6GHz and mmWave array
4.6 Overlapped co-design of sub-6GHz and mmWave element
4.6.1 mmWave wideband radiator
4.6.2 Microstrip fed sub-6GHz monopole
4.6.3 Overlapped co-design for sub-6GHz and mmWave operations
4.7 Conclusion
References
5. Gain Switchable Antenna Modules
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Need for gain switchability
5.3 A three port antenna module design
5.4 A dual conformal shared radiator
5.5 Conclusion
References
6. Highly Efficient Antennas for the Base Stations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Classification of all-metallic antennas
6.3 Additively manufactured antennas
6.4 Subtractively manufactured antennas
6.5 Cavity based antennas
6.6 Wire or wire based radiators
6.7 Design example of a planar all-metallic antenna
6.8 Conclusion
References
7. Pattern Diversity Architecture for Base Stations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Need for beam switching in 5G base stations
7.3 High aperture efficiency wideband antenna
7.3.1 Metamaterial loaded design
7.3.2 A stacked approach for base stations
7.4 ACS fed antennas for base stations
7.4.1 Compact ACS fed antenna
7.4.2 Shared ground two port design
7.4.3 A quasi stacking design for base stations
7.5 Conclusion
References
8. Feeding Techniques for Ka-band Antennas
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Classification of feeding techniques
8.2.1 Microstrip feed
8.2.2 CPW feed
8.2.3 ACS feed
8.2.4 Waveguide feed
8.2.5 SIW feed
8.2.6 Coaxial or probe feed
8.2.7 Aperture coupled feed
8.3 Conclusion
References
9. Fabrication Technology for Low Cost Antennas
9.1 Introduction
9.2 What drives up the cost of manufacturing a modern antenna?
9.3 A 3D-printed slide-on horn antenna
9.4 Polycarbonate based co-design of mmWave and sub-6GHz antenna
9.5 Conclusion
References
Index
