Description
Book SynopsisWith many exciting enhancements and robust online resources, the seventh edition of Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing provides a solid foundation in anatomical and physiological principles relevant to the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology. The text is supported by an innovative study software program called ANAQUEST that includes interactive lessons, animations, and videos to further help students master the complex material. This bestselling text is organized around the five "classic" systems of speech, language and hearing: the respiratory, phonatory, articulatory/resonatory, nervous, and auditory systems. Integrating clinical information with everyday experiences to reveal how anatomy and physiology relate to the speech, language, and hearing systems, the text introduces all the essential anatomy and physiology information in a carefully structured way, helping students to steadily build their knowledge and successfully apply it to clinical practice. Hundreds of dynamic, full-color illustrations and online lessons make the complex material approachable even for students with little or no background in anatomy and physiology. Key Features 560+ figures and tables provide visual examples of the anatomy, processes, body systems, and data discussed. Photographs of human specimens provide a real-life look at the body parts and functions Chapter pedagogy includes: Learning objectives, call outs to related ANAQUEST lessons, bolded key terms, and chapter summaries Clinical notes boxes relate topics directly to clinical experience to emphasize the importance of anatomy in clinical practice Margin notes identify important terminology, root words, and definitions, that are highlighted in color throughout each chapter "To summarize" sections provide a succinct listing of the major topics covered in a chapter or chapter section Muscle tables describe the origin, course, insertion, innervation, and function of key muscles and muscle groups Glossary with 2,000+ terms and definitions Comprehensive bibliography in each chapter with 600+ references throughout the text Multiple online appendices include an alphabetical listing of anatomical terms, useful combining forms, and listings of sensors and cranial nerves New to the Seventh Edition Addition of clinical cases related to neurophysiology and hearing Revised and updated physiology of swallowing includes discussion of postnatal development and aging effects of the swallowing mechanism and function Brief discussion of the basics of genetics and trait transmission Overview of prenatal development as it relates to the mechanisms of speech and hearing Presentation of prenatal and postnatal development for each of the systems of speech and hearing, as well as the effects of aging on each system Learning objectives have been added to the beginning of each chapter Chapter study questions have been moved online so students can take interactive quizzes with scores The helpful appendices moved online to reduce the length and weight of the print book For instructors, the test questions and slides have been updated and expanded The ANAQUEST study software has been updated with new illustrations from the text, and lessons to match the content newly added to the book PluralPlus Online Ancillaries For instructors: A version of the ANAQUEST software for upload to Learning Management Systems (LMS). PowerPoint slides for each chapter Test Bank with 1,000+ questions and answers Class activities and labs Sample course syllabus Videos For students: A student web-version of the ANAQUEST study software Interactive study quizzes for each chapter Videos
Table of ContentsPreface About the Authors Introduction to the Learner Acknowledgements Introduction to the Learner Using This Textbook and Online Resources Chapter 1. Basic Elements of Anatomy Anatomy and Physiology Terminology of Anatomy Terms of Orientation Terms of Movement Parts of the Body Building Blocks of Anatomy: Tissues and Systems Tissues Body Systems Prenatal Development Genetic Terminology Stages of Prenatal Development Development of Individual Systems Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 2. Anatomy of Respiration The Support Structure of Respiration Overview Vertebral Column Pelvic and Pectoral Girdles Ribs and Rib Cage Soft Tissue of the Thorax and Respiratory Passageway Divisions of the Bronchial Tree Movement of Air Through the Respiratory System Muscles of Inspiration Muscles of Forced Expiration Respiratory Muscle of the Upper Limb: Latissimus Dorsi Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 3. Physiology of Respiration The Flow of Respiration Instruments in Respiration Respiration for Life Effects of Turbulence on Respiration Respiratory Cycle Lung Volumes and Capacities Lung Volumes Lung Capacities Pressures of the Respiratory System Pressures Generated by the Tissue Effects of Posture on Speech Pressures and Volumes of Speech Prenatal Development of the Respiratory System Axial skeleton Development: Vertebral Column and Rib Cage Respiratory System Development Postnatal Development and Aging in Respiration Effect of Age on Volumes and Capacities Effect of Age on Respiratory Rate Muscle Development and Control Physical Bases of Changes in Adulthood Respiratory Pathologies Affecting Communication Acute Conditions Chronic Conditions Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 4. Anatomy of Phonation A Tour of the Phonatory Mechanism Framework of the Larynx Cavities of the Larynx Cartilaginous Structure of the Larynx Movement of the Cartilages Laryngeal Musculature Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Laryngeal Elevators and Depressors Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 5. Physiology of Phonation Nonspeech Laryngeal Function Laryngeal Function for Speech A Brief Discussion of Acoustics Instruments for Voicing The Bernoulli Effect Vocal Attack Termination Sustained Phonation Vocal Register Frequency, Pitch, and Pitch Change Pitch-Changing Mechanism Intensity and Intensity Change Clinical Considerations Linguistic Aspects of Pitch and Intensity Theories of Phonation Prenatal Development Postnatal Development and Aging of the Phonatory Mechanism Vocal Fold Changes Vocal Fold Tissue Changes Cartilage Changes Hyoid and Laryngeal Descent Fundamental Frequency Changes During Development The Effects of Aging Supportive Tissue Muscle Cartilages Nerves and Sensation Fundamental Frequency Changes With Aging Changes in Other Acoustic Parameters Pathologies That May Affect Phonation Structural Etiologies Degenerative Neurological Diseases Chapter Summary Decibel Practice Activity I. Exponents and Logarithms II. dB SPL Problems III. SPL: More Complex Examples IV. Decibel Increase and Decrease Bibliography Chapter 6. Anatomy of Articulation and Resonation Source-Filter Theory of Vowel Production The Articulators Bones of the Face and Cranial Skeleton Bones of the Face Bones of the Cranial Skeleton Dentition Dental Development Dental Occlusion Cavities of the Articulatory System Muscles of the Face and Mouth Muscles of the Face Muscles of the Mouth Muscles of Mastication: Mandibular Elevators and Depressors Muscles of the Pharynx Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 7. Physiology of Articulation and Resonation Instrumentation in Articulation Speech Function Lips Mandible Tongue Velum Coordinated Articulation Central Control Theory Dynamic or Action Theory Models The DIVA Model of Speech Production Prenatal Articulatory/Resonatory System Development: Pharynx, Face, and Neck Development of the Skull Oral Cavity and Pharynx Development Facial Development Postnatal Development and Aging in Articulation and Resonation General Craniofacial Growth Development of Articulatory Ability Effects of Aging on Structure and Function Pathologies That May Affect Articulation Problems Affecting Dentition Problems Affecting the Tongue Mandibular and Maxillary Problems Problems Affecting Lips and Palate Neurogenic Conditions Affecting Speech Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 8. Physiology of Mastication and Deglutition Mastication and Deglutition Instrumentation in Swallowing Function Organizational Patterns of Mastication and Deglutition Oral Stage: Oral Preparation Oral Stage: Transport Pharyngeal Stage Esophageal Stage Process Model of Mastication and Deglutition Neurophysiological Underpinnings of Mastication and Deglutition Sensation Associated with Mastication and Deglutition Salivation Response Anatomical and Physiological Changes in Development and Aging Development Changes in Swallowing With Aging Reflexive Circuits of Mastication and Deglutition Chewing Reflex Orienting, Rooting, and Suckling/Sucking Reflexes Uvular (Palatal) Reflex Gag (Pharyngeal) Reflex Retch and Vomit Reflex Cough Reflex Pain Withdrawal Reflex Apneic Reflex Respiration Reflexes Swallowing Reflex Reexamination of the Patterns for Mastication and Deglutition: A Complex Integration of Reflexes and Voluntary Action Pathologies Affecting Swallowing Function Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 9. Anatomy of Hearing The Structures of Hearing Outer Ear Middle Ear Landmarks of the Middle Ear Inner Ear Osseous Vestibule Osseous Semicircular Canals Osseous Cochlear Labyrinth Membranous Labyrinth Innervation Pattern of the Organ of Corti Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 10. Auditory Physiology Instrumentation in Hearing Research Outer Ear Middle Ear Function Inner Ear Function Vestibular Mechanism Auditory Mechanism: Mechanical Events Electrical Events Neural Responses Poststimulus Time Histograms Interspike Interval and Period Histograms Frequency Selectivity Auditory Pathway Responses Auditory Development and Auditory Aging Prenatal Development Postnatal Development of the Peripheral Auditory System Aging and the Auditory Mechanism Pathologies That May Affect Audition Inflammatory Conditions Congenital Problems Traumatic Lesions Neoplastic Changes Bone Changes Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy Overview Sense, Sensor, and Stimulation Divisions of the Nervous System Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems Development Divisions Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Neurons Anatomy of the Cerebrum Medial Surface of Cerebral Cortex Inferior Surface of Cerebral Cortex Myelinated Fibers Anatomy of the Subcortex Cerebrovascular System Cerebellum Anatomy of the Brainstem Cranial Nerves Specific Cranial Nerves Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Pathways of the Spinal Cord Chapter Summary Bibliography Chapter 12. Neurophysiology Instrumentation in Neurophysiology The Neuron Neuron Function Muscle Function Higher Functioning Motor System Lesions Afferent Inputs Association Regions Hemispheric Specialization Lesion Studies Motor Control for Speech Development and Aging of the Brain Prenatal Development of the Nervous System Postnatal Development of the Brain The Aging Brain Neurogenic Conditions That May Affect Communication Acquired Conditions Chapter Summary Bibliography Glossary Index
