Description
Book SynopsisThis open access book gives both a theoretical and practical overview of several important aspects of additive manufacturing (AM). It is written in an educative style to enable the reader to understand and apply the material. It begins with an introduction to AM technologies and the general workflow, as well as an overview of the current standards within AM. In the following chapter, a more in-depth description is given of design optimization and simulation for AM in polymers and metals, including practical guidelines for topology optimization and the use of lattice structures. Special attention is also given to the economics of AM and when the technology offers a benefit compared to conventional manufacturing processes. This is followed by a chapter with practical insights into how AM materials and processing parameters are developed for both material extrusion and powder bed fusion. The final chapter describes functionally graded AM in various materials and technologies. Throughout the book, a large number of industrial applications are described to exemplify the benefits of AM.
Table of Contents2. Introduction to Additive Manufacturing
2.1. What is Additive Manufacturing
2.2. Why do we need Additive Manufacturing
2.3. Additive Manufacturing Classification
2.4. Vat polymerization 7
2.5. Material jetting 12
2.6. Binder jetting 16
2.7. Powder Bed Fusion Technologies 20
2.8. Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEAM) Technologies 32
3. General process workflow in AM 44
3.1. Pre-processing for additive manufacturing 45
3.2. Build and post-processing 52
4. Standardisation in AM 55
4.1. Introduction to Standards 55
4.2. AM Standards 57
4.3. Reading, Writing and Retrieving Standards 62
4.4. Conclusion 64
4.5. External Resources 65
5. Design for AM 67
5.1. The general thought process of DfAM 67
5.2. The economics of DfAM 71
5.3. Polymer design guidelines 78
5.4. Metal design guidelines 100
6. General Process Simulations 119
6.1. Simulation 119
6.2. AM build process simulation 122
6.3. Optimization 125
6.4. Lattice-based topology optimization 137
6.5. Non-parametric mesh modelling 139
7. Applications of AM 144
7.1. AM in toolmaking application 144
7.2. AM application in medicine 166
7.3 AM applications in transportation
8. Development of material and processing parameters for AM 187
8.1. Development of materials for Material Extrusion AM 187
8.2. Development of materials for PBF technologies 203
8.3. Development of materials for L-PBF 244
9. Development of FGM and FGAM 256
9.1. Functionally Graded Material (FGM) 256
9.2. Functionally Graded Additive Manufacturing (FGAM) 260
9.3. Conclusion 265
