Oxbow Books

Book SynopsisThis richly illustrated book presents the first comprehensive study of the making and marketing of pottery in medieval Ireland. Focusing on a well-preserved 14th-century pottery production centre which was excavated in 2006 at Highhays, outside the walls of the renowned Anglo-Norman town of Kilkenny in south-east Ireland, the authors describe its kiln, workshops and working areas, as well as its ‘Highhays Ware’ products: jugs, jars, cooking-pots, money-boxes and ridge tiles.Foremost amongst the outputs from the kiln site were high-quality, wheel-thrown, green-glazed jugs that were closely modelled on French Saintonge and Bristol Redcliffe archetypes and the volume describes the distinctive processes, kiln-firing technology and raw materials that were employed to produce these, and the other wares, represented on the site. The book also presents the results of an innovative plasma spectrometry and petrological analysis of Highhays Ware, which facilitated identification of the source for the raw potting clays areas – located at a considerable distance from Highhays in north county Kilkenny – used in its production, in addition to allowing for a study of the uncharacteristically broad distribution of the ware throughout the south-east of Ireland. The authors also place the production of pottery at Highhays in its broader context by presenting an overall review of the archaeological and historical evidence for pottery making and consumption in medieval Ireland, as well as by exploring the cultural background and social status of potters in the Anglo-Norman colony. Supporting the analysis and interpretation of the Highhays site and its assemblage are specialist and scientific contributions on the pottery, tiles, ceramic production material, metal finds, coins and archaeobotanical and animal bone remains from the site, archaeomagnetic and radiocarbon dating and plasma spectrometry and petrological analysis.Trade ReviewThis book is well illustrated throughout and provides an informative overview of Medieval Kilkenny * Ulster Archaeological Society *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of figures List of tables Authors and contributors Note on conventions Archaeological excavation archive Abbreviations Preface Foreword Summary 1. Introduction, by Emma Devine and Cóilín Ó Drisceoil 2. The pottery production centre excavations (Area 1, Period 1), by Emma Devine, Cóilín Ó Drisceoil and Niamh Curtin 3. Bake-yard excavations (Area 2, Period 1), abandonment and subsequent land-use (Areas 1 and 2, Periods 2 and 3), by Cóilín Ó Drisceoil 4. The products of the Highhays pottery, by Cóilín Ó Drisceoil, Clare McCutcheon and Joanna Wren 5. Highhays Ware, a provenance and distribution study, by Niamh Curtin, Cóilín Ó Drisceoil, Michael J. Hughes and Richard Unitt 6. Non-ceramic finds, by Órla Scully, Cóilín Ó Drisceoil, Joe Norton, Jimmy Lenehan and Paul Rondelez 7. Archaeobotanical and charcoal analysis, by Mary Dillon and Ingelise Stuijts 8. Highhays and the archaeology of medieval pottery production and town suburbs in Ireland, by Cóilín Ó Drisceoil Bibliography Appendix 1: Archaeomagnetic dating of the pottery kiln at Highhays, Kilkenny, by Vassil Karloukovski and Mark W. Hounslow Appendix 2: Radiocarbon dates Appendix 3: Post-medieval pottery, by Clare McCutcheon Appendix 4: Post-medieval clay building material, by Joanna Wren Appendix 5: Animal bone, by Karin Ilseth Appendix 6: Disarticulated human remains, by Karin Ilseth

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Book SynopsisThe Iron Age settlements excavated by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd at Morley Hill and Lower Callerton lie within the rich later prehistoric landscape of the Northumberland coastal plain. This monograph presents the results of the excavation, specialist analyses and provides a key dataset upon which to discuss regionally and nationally important later prehistoric research themes. The excavations at Morley Hill and Lower Callerton offer two large-scale new datasets to compare within the corpus of enclosed Iron Age settlement sites across the region, allowing for an increased understanding of settlement patterns, architectural forms and farming practices. These include settlement development, longevity and tempo; the relationship between lowland and upland sites; settlement organisation and identity; roundhouse architecture and the impact of contact with the Roman world.At Morley Hill, work revealed two later Iron Age settlements defined by rectilinear enclosures surrounding groups of roundhouses with evidence for earlier phases of activity. The settlements at Morley Hill are comparable to many such distinctive settlements identified across the region and explored in recent years largely through developer-funded excavations. Lower Callerton represents a less explored form of extensive settlement with the excavation revealing evidence of earlier prehistoric activity overlain by a large Iron Age enclosure with over 53 structures, multiple sub-enclosures and boundaries. Comprehensive Bayesian modelling at Lower Callerton has provided a robust chronological framework indicating complex and continual settlement development from the middle Iron Age. The implications of this in terms of wider settlement development, tempo and longevity are explored. While the volume focuses on the Iron Age, the identification and influence of earlier prehistoric activity is also explored. The discussion is again enhanced by the programme of radiocarbon dating and isotopic analysis of cereal grains from Neolithic pits at Lower Callerton.Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Earlier prehistoric activity at Morley Hill and Lower Callerton 3. The Iron Age settlements at Morley Hill 4. The Iron Age settlements at Lower Callerton 5. Discussion Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe organisation and characteristics of early and ancient states have become the focus of a renewed interest from archaeologists, ancient historians and anthropologists in recent years. On the one hand, neo-evolutionary schemas of political transformation find it difficult to define some of their most basic concepts, such as ‘chiefdom’, ‘complex chiefdom’ and ‘state’, not to mention the transition between them. On the other hand, teleological interpretations based on linear dynamics, from less to increasingly more complex political structures, in successive steps, impose biased and too rigid views on the available evidence. In fact, recent research stresses the existence of other forms of socio-political organisation, less vertically integrated and more heterarchical, that proved highly successful and resilient in the long term in tying together social groups. What is more, such forms quite often represented the basic blocks on which states were built and that managed to survive once states collapsed. Finally, nomadic, maritime and mountain populations provide fascinating examples of societies that experienced alternative forms of political organisation, sometimes on a seasonal basis. In other cases, their consideration as ‘marginal’ populations that cultivated specialised skills ensured them a certain degree of autonomy when living either within or at the borders of states.This book explores such small-scale socio-political organisations, their potential and the historical trajectories they stimulated. A selection of historical case studies from different regions of the world may help rethink current concepts and views about the emergence and organisation of political complexity and the mechanisms that prevented, occasionally, the emergence of solid polities. They may also cast some light over trajectories of historical transformation, still poorly understood as are the limits of effective state power. This book explores the importance of comparative research and long-term historical perspectives to avoid simplistic interpretations, based on the characteristics of modern Western states abusively used retrospectively.Table of ContentsContributors 1. From house societies to states: An introduction Juan Carlos Moreno García 2. The great houses of Mesopotamia: tripartite houses and the formation of the City State Pascal Butterlin 3. Egalitarism, hierarchy, heterarchy and homoarchy: which evidence for the Indus Valley Civilization? Massimo Vidale 4. Houses, regions and state(s): Multiple political experiences in pharaonic Egypt Juan Carlos Moreno García 5. Communities, ‘houses’, and political organization in the Mycenaean world Dimitri Nakassis 6. Emergence and legitimation of princely authority in the Early Bronze Age of Central Germany Harald Meller 7. Neighbourhoods as ‘house societies’ in ancient Teotihuacan, Central Mexico. Exclusionary organizations in a corporate social and political environment Linda Manzanilla 8. House Societies and the Classic Maya: An Epigraphic View James L. Fitzsimmons 9. Gathering Salinar houses: Platforms-as-assemblages in ancient coastal Peru David Chicoine & Jacob Warner 10. Communities, urbanism and state building in the Lake Chad region Carlos Magnavita & Scott MacEachern 11. Negotiating visions of the house in West Africa: From dispersed agricultural communities to alternative complexities to the state Stephen Dueppen 12. Early Medieval state formation: A view from two peripheries Julio Escalona Monge 13. Trading polities and “sea people” of maritime southeast Asia Bérénice Bellina

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Book SynopsisThe College of St George at Windsor Castle was founded by Edward III in 1348 to support the newly created Order of the Garter, and to this day fulfils the same primary purpose. The domestic buildings provided for the Warden, Canons and Priest-Vicars – now the Deanery and Canons Cloister – are an astonishing survival: despite enlargement and alteration over the centuries, a significant amount of the mid-fourteenth-century fabric survives, though often hidden from view. A recent programme of refurbishment and conservation revealed much hitherto unknown evidence for the way the buildings were constructed, their fittings and decoration and their subsequent evolution. The author maintained a continuous ‘watching brief’ throughout the refurbishment works, the results of which are published here for the first time.The archaeological evidence is supplemented by the excellent survival of documentation, both for the initial construction of the buildings and their subsequent development: we know the precise date of each stage of construction, the cost and even the names of the workmen involved. The post-medieval history of the buildings is also highly significant, and for this period we have the benefit of knowing more about the deans and canons who influenced the ways their dwellings developed, and of a continued wealth of documentary evidence.Table of ContentsIntroduction Acknowledgements The numbering of the houses of Canons’ Cloister List of abbreviations 1. The castle down to the reign of Henry III 2. The foundation of the College of St George 3. The construction of Canons’ Cloister 4. The Deanery from the 1350s to the Civil War 5. The evolution of Canons’ Cloister down to the Civil War 6. The Civil War to c. 1830 7. From 1830 to the present day

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Book SynopsisCyprus was a thriving and densely populated late antique province. Contrary to what used to be thought, the Arab raids of the mid-seventh century did not abruptly bring the island’s prosperity to an end. Recent research instead highlights long-lasting continuity in both urban and rural contexts. This volume brings together historians and archaeologists working on diverse aspects of Cyprus between the sixth and eighth centuries. They discuss topics as varied as rural prosperity, urban endurance, artisanal production, civic and private religion and maritime connectivity. The role of the imperial administration and of the Church is touched upon in several contributions. Other articles place Cyprus back into its wider Mediterranean context. Together, they produce a comprehensive impression of the quality of life on the island in the long late antiquity.Table of Contents1. Cyprus between the sixth and eighth centuries Panayiotis Panayides and Ine Jacobs 2. Archaeology and the making of a Cypriot Late Antiquity Marcus Rautman CYPRUS IN BETWEEN EMPIRES 3. Cypriot hagiography and the Long Late Antiquity Young Richard Kim 4. The Arab invasions of Cyprus in the middle of the seventh century: the chronographical and epigraphic evidence revisited Evangelos Chrysos 5. Contextualising the tax tribute paid by Cypriots during the treaty centuries Georgios Deligiannakis 6. The prosopography of the Cypriot archbishops during the Long Late Antiquity: a reappraisal of the evidence presented in Byzantine Lead Seals from Cyprus Olga Karagiorgou 7. Cyprus and its sisters: reassessing the role of large islands at the end of the Long Late Antiquity (ca. 600–ca. 800) Luca Zavagno URBAN AND RURAL PERSPECTIVES 8. Cypriot cities at the end of Antiquity Panayiotis Panayides 9. Kourion in the Long Late Antiquity: a reassessment Pamela Armstrong and Guy Sanders 10. Cypriot church architecture of the Long Late Antiquity Richard Maguire 11. Long Late Antiquity in the Chrysochou Valley William Caraher and R. Scott Moore 12. A boom-bust cycle in Cyprus at the end of Antiquity: landscape perspectives for settlement transformation Athanasios K. Vionis PRODUCTION AND OBJECTS IN USE 13. Local sculptural production in Cyprus at the end of Antiquity: a challenging dating? Doria Nicolaou 14. Fighting the demons and invoking the saints: prolegomenon to a study of Christian ritual texts in late antique Cyprus Paweł Nowakowski 15. Mining and smelting copper in Cyprus in Late Antiquity Vasiliki Kassianidou 16. The material culture of daily living in late antique Cyprus: a view from the metal collections of the Department of Antiquities Eftychia Zachariou-Kaila CONCLUSION 17. The ‘fuzzy’ world of Cypriot Long Late Antiquity: continuity and disruption betwixt the global and local Jody Michael Gordon INDEX

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Book SynopsisWriting does not begin and end with the encoding of an idea into a group of symbols. It is practised by people who have learnt its principles and acquired the tools and skills for doing it, in a particular context that affects what they do and how they do it. Nor are these practices static, as those involved exploit opportunities to adapt old features and develop new ones. The act of writing then has tangible and visible consequences not only for the writers but also for those encountering what has been produced, whether they can read its content or not – with potential for a wider social visibility that can in turn affect the success and longevity of the writing system itself.With a focus on the syllabic systems of the Bronze Age Aegean, this book attempts to bring together different perspectives to create an innovative interdisciplinary outlook on what is involved in writing: from structuralist views of writing as systems of signs with their linguistic values, to archaeological and anthropological approaches to writing as a socially grounded practice. The main chapters focus on the concepts of script adoption and adaptation; different methods of logographic writing; and the vitality of writing traditions, with repercussions for the modern world.Contexts of and Relations between Early Writing Systems (CREWS) is a project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 677758), and based in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Tables and Figures Introduction Cretan Hieroglyphic, Linear A and Linear B (and their Cypriot cousins) Chronology Theoretical perspectives and terminology 1: Exploring script adoption How do we know that Linear B adopted Linear A syllabographic sign values with little change? Can we use Linear B sign values or structural features to reconstruct Minoan phonology or other linguistic features? How should we understand the nature of the transition from Linear A to B? 2: Exploring logography Classifying signs in writing systems Linear B Linear A Cretan Hieroglyphic Understanding logography in the Bronze Age Aegean 3: Exploring vitality Cretan Hieroglyphic Linear A Linear B Syllabic writing in Cyprus Relationships between writing and language vitality The vitality of writing traditions Epilogue: writing for the future Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe current paradigm-changing ancient DNA revolution is offering unparalleled insights into central problems within archaeology relating to the movement of populations and individuals, patterns of descent, relationships and aspects of identity – at many scales and of many different kinds. The impact of recent ancient DNA results can be seen particularly clearly in studies of the European Neolithic, the subject of contributions presented in this volume. We now have new evidence for the movement and mixture of people at the start of the Neolithic, as farming spread from the east, and at its end, when the first metals as well as novel styles of pottery and burial practices arrived in the Chalcolithic. In addition, there has been a wealth of new data to inform complex questions of identities and relationships. The terms of archaeological debate for this period have been permanently altered, leaving us with many issues.This volume stems from the online day conference of the Neolithic Studies Group held in November 2021, which aimed to bring geneticists and archaeologists together in the same forum, and to enable critical but constructive inter-disciplinary debate about key themes arising from the application of advanced ancient DNA analysis to the study of the European Neolithic. The resulting papers gathered here are by both geneticists and archaeologists. Individually, they form a series of significant, up-to-date, period and regional syntheses of various manifestations of the Neolithic across the Near East and Europe, including particularly Britain and Ireland. Together, they offer wide-ranging reflections on the progress of ancient DNA studies, and on their future reach and character.Table of ContentsForeword List of contributors 1. Introduction: questions of descent, relationships and identity Alasdair Whittle and Joshua Pollard 2. Living with archaeogenetics: three decades on Martin B. Richards 3. Five challenges for an integrated archaeogenetic paradigm Kristian Kristiansen 4. Ancient genomics methodology and genetic insularity in Neolithic Europe Bruno Ariano and Daniel G. Bradley 5. Reconstructing the genealogical relationships of hunter-gatherers and farmers Leo Speidel 6. Ancient DNA of Near Eastern Neolithic populations: the knowns and the unknowns Eva Fernández-Domínguez 7. Farmer-forager interactions in the Iron Gates: new insights and new dilemmas Maxime N. Brami and Yoan Diekmann 8. A glance at Early Neolithic south-east and central Europe — as reflected by archaeological and archaeogenetic data Eszter Bánffy 9. Ancestry and identity in the Balkans and the Carpathian basin between the 5th and 3rd millennia cal BC Bianca Preda-Bălănică and Yoan Diekmann 10. The genetics of the inhabitants of Neolithic Britain: a review Selina Brace and Tom Booth 11. Islands apart? Genomic perspectives on the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Ireland Lara Cassidy 12. aDNA and modelling the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland Alison Sheridan and Alasdair Whittle 13. Looking back, looking forward — humanity beyond biology Susan Greaney

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Book SynopsisArchaeological remains are ‘fragmented by definition’: apart from exceptional cases, the study of the human past takes into account mainly traces, ruins, discards, and debris of past civilisations. It is rare that things have been preserved as they were originally made and conceived in the past. However, not all the ancient fragmentary objects were the ‘leftovers’ from the past. A noticeable portion of them was part and parcel of the ancient materiality already in the form of a fragment or damaged item. In 2000, John Chapman, with his volume Fragmentation in Archaeology, attracted the attention of scholars on the need to reconsider broken artefacts as the result of the deliberate anthropic process of physical fragmentation. The phenomenon of fragmentation can be thus explored with more outcomes for a category of objects that played an important role inside the society: the figurines. Due to their portability and size, figurines are particularly entangled and engaged in social, spatial, temporal, and material relations, and – more than other artefacts – can easily accommodate acts of embodiment and dismemberment. The act of creation symmetrically also involves the act of destruction, which in turn is another act of creation, since from the fragmentation comes a new entity with a different ontology. Breaking contains the paradigms of life: creation and reparation, destruction and regeneration.The scope of this volume is to search for traces of any voluntary and intentional fragmentation of ancient artefacts, creating, improving, and sharpening the methods and principles for a scientific investigation that goes beyond single author impression or sensitivity. The comparative lens adopted in this volume can allow the reader to explore different fields taken from ancient societies of how we can address, assess, detect, and even discuss the action of breaking and mutilation of ancient figurines.Table of ContentsContributors Preface At the dawn of a break: The agency of the damage 1. In the footsteps of Auguste Rodin: Fragmentation is not an end Gianluca Miniaci 2. The meaning of deliberate figurine fragmentation: Insights from the Old and New Worlds John Chapman and Bisserka Gaydarska Beyond ritual: When the whole cracks 3. In the beginning: Exploring integrity of anthropomorphic images in prehistoric Europe Elisabetta Starnini 4. When garbage is art: Broken ceramic figural objects from ancient Honduras Jeanne Lopiparo and Rosemary A. Joyce 5. Parts, not wholes: Long histories and negative space analysis Stacy Boldrick 6. Not whole yet holy: Some breakage rituals and their significance in Hinduism and other religions of India Urmi Chanda The materiality of the damage: Searching for the intentionality 7. Broken beyond repair. Reflections on the intentionality of breakage and its archaeological identification regarding Naqada period clay figurines Axelle Brémont 8. The materiality of the damage in the faience figurine corpus from late Middle Bronze Age Egypt (1800–1550 BC) Gianluca Miniaci 9. Breaking into pieces: An experimental investigation into fracture behaviours in ceramic female figurines Paulina Wandowicz 10. Intentionality in the breaking. A case study of intentional damaging of figurines at Neolithic Tell Sabi Abyad (Syria) and Çatalhöyük (Turkey) Monique Arntz 11. Fragmented or intact – Mycenaean figurines and figures in cult and burial contexts Ann-Louise Schallin Inside the fragmentation: Exploring methods and technologies 12. Made it for breaking it? Assessing fragmentation of the Lahun figurines (Egypt, MBA II, c. 1800–1700 BC) Vanessa Forte 13. Displaying the fragmented: Damaged and mutilated ancient Egyptian figures from Sir Charles Nicholson’s collection Candace Richards and Michelle F. Whitford 14. Broken collections: A 3D approach to the digital reunification and holistic study of dispersed terracotta figurines assemblages Valentina Vassallo Concluding remarks Afterword: Strong at the broken places? Caitlín Eilís Barrett

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Book SynopsisBetween 2018 and 2019, Cornwall Archaeological Unit undertook two projects at Mount’s Bay, Penwith. The first involved the excavation of a Bronze Age barrow and the second, environmental augur core sampling in Marazion Marsh. Both sites lie within an area of coastal hinterland, which has been subject to incursions by rising sea levels. Since the Mesolithic, an area of approximately 1 kilometre in extent between the current shoreline and St Michael’s Mount has been lost to gradually rising sea levels. With current climate change, this process is likely to occur at an increasing rate. Given their proximity, the opportunity was taken to draw the results from the two projects together along with all available existing environmental data from the area.For the first time, the results from all previous palaeoenvironmental projects in the Mount’s Bay area have been brought together. Evidence for coastal change and sea level rise is discussed and a model for the drowning landscape presented. In addition to modelling the loss of land and describing the environment over time, social responses including the wider context of the Bronze Age barrow and later Bronze Age metalwork deposition in the Mount’s Bay environs are considered. The effects of the gradual loss of land are discussed in terms of how change is perceived, its effects on community resilience, and the construction of social memory and narratives of place.The volume presents the potential for nationally significant environmental data to survive, which demonstrates the long-term effects of climate change and rising sea levels, and peoples’ responses to these over time.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Summary Section 1: Background Chapter 1: Introduction (Andy M. Jones) Section 2: Excavations at the Penzance Heliport barrow Chapter 2: Results from the 2018 fieldwork (Andy M. Jones, Anna Lawson-Jones & Michael J. Allen) Chapter 3: The pottery and worked stone (Henrietta Quinnell & Christina Tsoraki with petrographic comment by Roger Taylor) Chapter 4: The flint and pebbles (Anna Lawson-Jones) Chapter 5: The copper alloy ingot (Anna Tyacke with comment from Jens Andersen) Chapter 6: The palaeoenvironmental evidence (Michael J. Allen, with A.J. Clapham, C.T. Langdon & R.G. Scaife) Chapter 7: Results from radiocarbon dating of the Heliport (Michael J. Allen & Andy M. Jones) Section 3: Fieldwork at Marazion Marsh Chapter 8: Background and methodology (Michael J. Allen & Andy M. Jones) Chapter 9: The paleoenvironmental sequence from the core (Michael J. Allen, with N Cameron, A.J. Clapham & C.T. Langdon) Chapter 10: The changing environmental and land-use history of the Marsh environs (Michael J. Allen) Section 4: The environmental, economic and cultural setting of the Penzance and south Cornwall landscape: excavated sites and their wider landscape context Chapter 11: The submerging landscape from Prehistory into the Anthropocene (Michael J Allen) Chapter 12: A landscape of deposition (Andy M. Jones & Matthew G. Knight) Chapter 13: The Bronze Age engagements with a liminal space (Andy M. Jones) Chapter 14: The results from the project: Inhabiting a changing landscape (Andy M. Jones & Michael J. Allen) Chapter 15: A drowned landscape reimagined (Emma Smith) Appendices Appendix 1: The conservation of the copper alloy ingot fragment (Laura Ratcliffe- Warren) Appendix 2: The borehole logs (Michael J. Allen)

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Book SynopsisOver the last 30 years, the Connecticut Office of State Archaeology and the Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service have entered into a partnership employing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to the study of the state’s archaeology and history. As a result, many historical cemeteries and places of note in Connecticut have been investigated. The authors have selected 10 geophysical surveys, which have used GPR as a non-intrusive, non-destructive exploratory tool, that have elicited positive results in the search for unmarked burials, confirmation of marked burials and to authenticate areas of known historical events.This book narrates the stories of GPR studies at 10 historical sites in Connecticut, spanning the 17th to the 20th centuries. Each chapter investigates and highlights a ‘history mystery’ and differing aspects of our research, including the ‘lost’ grave of an African-American Revolutionary War veteran, the verification of French Revolutionary War military personnel in a mass grave, the detection of a below-ground hidden 19th-century family burial tomb, the discovery of hurriedly dug, unmarked burials associated with the 1918 influenza pandemic and the detection of the unknown location of a 1941 military plane crash site, among others.Professionally, the authors have over 40 years’ experience in GPR, soil science and archaeology. They bring their collective expertise to the reader in a scientific approach with a personal, story-telling touch. Each chapter delves into the history of the sites and the nature of the geophysical search (i.e., how the equipment was used) and the interpretation of the data in regard to solving a historical problem.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Ground-penetrating Radar and Archaeology Part I. Historical Cemeteries 2. Robinson Burying Ground (1814 Bomb Crater), Stonington 3. Old Norwichtown Burying Ground (French Soldiers), Norwich 4. Judea Cemetery, Washington 5. Stone-lined Tomb, North Burying Ground, Danbury Part II. Historical Places and Events 6. John Mason’s House, Palisado, Windsor 7. Barkhamsted Lighthouse Village, Barkhamsted 8. Battle of Essex (War of 1812) Riverfront, CT River Museum, Essex 9. A Pandemic Strikes, Old Farm Cemetery, Middletown 10. Second Lieutenant Eugene Bradley’s Plane Crash, Windsor Locks

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Book SynopsisArchaeology in the past century has seen a major shift from theoretical frameworks that treat the remains of past societies as static snapshots of particular moments in time to interpretations that prioritise change and variability. Though established analytical concepts, such as typology, remain key parts of the archaeologist’s investigative toolkit, data-gathering strategies and interpretative frameworks have become infused progressively with the concept that archaeology is living, in the sense of both the objects of study and the discipline as a whole. The significance for the field is that researchers across the world are integrating ideas informed by relational epistemologies and mutually constructive ontologies into their work from the initial stage of project design all the way down to post-excavation interpretation.This volume showcases examples of such work, highlighting the utility of these ideas to exploring material both old and new. The illuminating research and novel explanations presented contribute to resolving long-standing problems in regional archaeologies across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and Oceania. In this way, this volume reinvigorates approaches taken towards older material but also acts as a springboard for future innovative discussions of theory in archaeology and related disciplines.Table of ContentsContributors List of figures and tables 1. Living Archaeology Rebecca O’Sullivan, Courtney Nimura & Richard Bradley 2. Reflections on Populating the Western Pacific Glenn Summerhayes 3. Diversity and Difference in New Britain, Papua New Guinea: Seeking Indigenous Communities in the Archaeological Record Jim Specht & Robin Torrence 4. Why the Concept of Near and Remote Oceania Fails Island Melanesian Prehistory Christopher Sand & Jim Allen 5. Storied Landscapes in the Palaeolithic? The View from the Cave Graeme Barker & Chris O. Hunt 6. A Circular Tomb with ‘Stones’ of Clay: The Tomb of Lord Bai of Zhongli, Anhui Province, Central China, Early 6th Century BC Jessica Rawson 7. Agricultural Places as Processes Amy Bogaard 8. A viereckschanze in Oxfordshire, England? Enclosure and Memory at Marcham Gary Lock & Sheila Raven 9. A Landscape’s Memory: The Long-term Impact of Proto-industrial Salt Extraction in the Seille Valley in France Laurent Olivier 10. Taking, Using, and Giving Back Again: The Deposition of Living Matter in Ancient Europe Richard Bradley 11. Rock Art: A Marker of Concepts and Practices Courtney Nimura, Rebecca O’Sullivan & Peter Hommel 12. Celtic Art Beyond Metal: Material Matters in Iron Age and Early Roman Southern England Sarah Downum & Duncan Garrow 13. Jet and Gender in Late Roman Britain Cameron Moffett 14. Using Coinage and Die-Studies to Obtain Evidence about Society in the Late Iron Age John Talbot 15. ‘Keep on Truckin’ – Thoughts from the Back of a Bus A. M. Pollard 16. Biography and Technology: A Bronze Ding Vessel of the Early Iron Age in China Xiuzhen Li 17. Rewriting Global Histories of Human–Material Relations in Different Cultural Contexts Shadreck Chirikure 18. Collections of Aboriginal Ground Stone Tools from the Murray Darling Basin: Function, Temporality, and Social Context Richard Fullagar, Elspeth Hayes & Colin Pardoe 19. Cultural and Landscape Change in Australia’s World Heritage Wet Tropics Bioregion, Northeast Queensland Richard Cosgrove 20. What’s Involved in Technological Change? Aboriginal Marine Hunting in Tropical North Australia Harry Allen 21. The Yolŋu System as a Regional Polity Howard Morphy with Frances Morphy 22. Anthropology and Archaeology: A Necessary Unity Lambros Malafouris 23. On Ontological Impurity: Conceptualising Time in Archaeology John Robb 24. Archaeology, Heritage, and the Heritage of Archaeology Ian Lilley 25. Selling Photographs: Collecting Archaeology Elizabeth Edwards 26. On the Origins of Khami: Evidence from the Henry Balfour Collection, Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford Innocent Pikirayi 27. In Dreams the Heart: Impermanence at the Museum Chantal Knowles 28. A Civil Servant Walks onto a Neolithic barrow…: Sir Lindsay Scott and the Whiteleaf Oval Barrow Gill Hey 29. Redirecting the Field – Total Archaeologies, Flagships, and Sample Design Christopher Evans 30. Oxford Intelligence Lynn Meskell

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Book SynopsisThis is a study of the commemoration of Classical Greek battles, approaching monuments and other mnemonic practices as vital elements in the creation and curation of memories. It analyses the diachronic development of battlefield, sanctuary, and city spaces, as evidenced by archaeological remains and ancient literary sources. In addition, it explores the experience of the commemorative spaces through the application of theories of space, phenomenology, and social memory. Following a biographical approach, the commemoration of each battle is organised into stages of initial commemoration, official monumentalisation, memory curation, memory lapse, and reception.The research has led to several conclusions. While the commemoration of each battle can be divided into stages, these stages are not always discrete. There is variation in the types of commemorations within the stages, dependent on time, surrounding space, and the parties involved. Single commemorations can resonate differently with multiple audiences. The processes within the stage of memory curation lead to the subsequent lapse. The final stage of commemoration for each battle begins with the rediscovery of ancient monuments and continues to this day.The battles of Marathon, Leuktra, and Chaironeia are case studies for three reasons. First, they effectively span the period of Classical Greece (Marathon in 490 BCE to Chaironeia in 338 BCE). Secondly, these battles had different participants, thus allowing a variety of perspectives of both the victorious and the defeated. Lastly, these were battles that left lasting impacts in the material and literary record, making their commemoration relevant not only in antiquity, but also in the modern world.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. The Battlefield of Marathon 3. The Battlefield of Leuktra 4. The Battlefield of Chaironeia 5. The Commemoration of Classical Battles in Extramural Sanctuaries 6. The Commemoration of Classical Battles in City Spaces 7. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe Hadrian's Wall Community Archaeology Project (WallCAP) conducted a series of fieldwork projects along the Hadrian's Wall corridor between 2019 and 2021. The work focused on sites that were poorly understood or under particular threat and aimed to improve understanding of them so they could be better managed in future. At several sites excavation was followed by conservation and consolidation work.This volume brings together the final reports of these excavations, at seven Roman sites in the Wall corridor. As the sites were spread along the length of the Wall the character and afterlife of the Wall in very different landscape locations could be compared. An assessment of the Vallum at Heddon on the Wall identified how earthwork archaeology survived in a sloped, heavily ploughed landscape. Three excavations investigated the condition of the stone Wall curtain at Port Carlisle, Walltown Crags, and Steel Rigg and Cats Stairs. At each site the Wall builders had responded to the demands

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Book SynopsisWhat is Hadrian’s Wall made of, where did this material come from and how has it been reused in other buildings in the communities that emerged in the centuries after the Roman Empire? By studying the fabric of Hadrian’s Wall using a geological approach combined with archaeological methods, is it possible to refine our answers to these questions? This study describes how the relationship between the geology of the Wall’s landscape and its fabric may be used to further understand the Wall and presents a significant set of new geological and archaeological data on the Wall’s stones from across the length of the Wall.This data set has been collected in two complementary ways. First as a citizen-science project, where volunteers from local communities were trained to visually characterise sandstones and resulting in data collecting on large numbers of the Wall’s stones along the length of the Wall. Secondly, analytical research was used to gather in scientific data for a selected sets of rocks and stones. Geochemical data was captured using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and petrographic observations made using a petrographic microscope and thin sections.The combined methods provide a framework for geological analysis of the Wall supported by robust data. It builds on earlier work on Roman quarrying and stone preparation highlighting not only stone sources, but the criteria for choosing stone, stone preparation methods, and the implied routes to the Wall. At the heart of this study lies the ability to uniquely identify different sandstone types. Geological methods used to achieve this are explored, as are the ways in which the sandstones form. This highlights both the possibilities and limits of this approach.Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables Glossary Abbreviations Preface Acknowledgements 1: Introduction 2: Geology of the Wall 3: The use of stone along Hadrian’s Wall 4: Roman quarries and stone-working in the Wall corridor 5: Post-Roman use of Wall fabric 6: Conclusion Appendix 1: Methods employed for the research Appendix 2: Gazetteer of research conducted by site Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe adoption of Christianity by the Egyptian populace was well underway by the late third century, but evidence for its presence in the archaeological record from the Nile valley is sparse. This is due, in part, to the loss of ancient settlement sites beneath modern cultivation. By comparison, Ismant al-Kharab, ancient Kellis, in Dakhleh Oasis, was abandoned at the end of the fourth century and many of its structures survive intact. The villagers, moreover, left behind a wealth of artefacts and documentation. By the late third century some had converted to Christianity and by the early fourth century three churches were built to accommodate their growing numbers. The churches afford an unparalleled window into three ecclesiastical complexes that served a single village. The Large East Church, moreover, is the earliest surviving example of a purpose-built basilica in Egypt known thus far. It provides a better understanding of the development of Egyptian church architecture and has forced a reappraisal of the dates of certain features that were previously attributed to the fifth century. The community established three burial grounds: Kellis 2, with an estimated 3,500-4,000 graves, a funerary church and associated graveyard, and in a reused monumental mausoleum. Christian cemeteries are known throughout North Africa, Europe, and Britain, but in Egypt few are published in anything but a cursory manner. At Kellis, 800+ graves have been excavated; the earliest burials date to the late third century confirming the evidence of an early conversion by some villagers and its rapid expansion thereafter. This volume provides the first detailed publication of the churches and Christian burial grounds. It incorporates a discussion of the spread of Christianity in Egypt's Southern Oasis, drawing upon data from the rich textual documentation from the site. The material culture is presented in detail, especially the extensive collection of ceramics, glass, and coins.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction Section I: The Small East Church Excavation history Architectural description Stratigraphy Wall paintings Late activity Finds Discussion 4. Section II: The Large East Church Excavation history Architectural description Suggested building sequence Stratigraphy Late activity Wall paintings Finds Discussion 5. Section III: The West Church Complex Excavation history Architectural description Stratigraphy Late activity Collapse sequence Finds Discussion 6. Section IV: Christian Burial Grounds Enclosure 4 Cemetery and West Church Burials North Tomb 1 Burials Kellis 2 Cemetery Discussion 7. Concluding discussion 8. Appendices/Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe Northumberland Archaeological Group’s (NAG) Wether Hill project spanned the years 1994–2015 and was located on the eponymous hilltop overlooking the mouth of the Breamish Valley in the Northumberland Cheviots. The project had been inspired by the RCHME’s ‘Southeast Cheviots Project’ that had discovered and recorded extensive prehistoric and later landscapes.The NAG project investigated several sites. Over the 11 seasons of excavation, NAG recorded evidence of residual Mesolithic activity (microliths), a burial cairn containing two Beakers in an oak coffin, which was superseded by a stone-built cist containing three Food Vessels, Iron Age cord rig cultivation and clearance cairns, a series of Middle/Late Iron Age timber-built palisaded enclosures, a cross-ridge dyke, which protected the southern approach to the Wether Hill fort, and sampled the multi-period bivallate hillfort.The hillfort sequence on Wether Hill began with a succession of palisaded enclosures, which were later replaced by bivallate earth and stone defenses; both phases appear to have been associated with timber-built houses. Eventually the fort was abandoned, and three stone-built roundhouses were constructed in the fort. The 18 radiocarbon dates obtained from various contexts in the hillfort makes this site one of the better dated forts in the Borders.The chronology of the Wether Hill fort spanned the Middle/Late Iron Age, which corresponds with dates from palisaded enclosures excavated elsewhere on the hilltop spur. Taken together, this evidence provides a snapshot of settlement hierarchies and agricultural practices during the later Iron Age in this part of the Northumberland Cheviots. The excavations also help contextualise some of the RCHME survey evidence, providing data to model chronology, potential prehistoric settlement density and land-use patterns at different time periods in the well-preserved archaeological landscapes of the Cheviots.Table of ContentsAuthor details Abstract Acknowledgements Editorial 1 Introduction 2 A geoarchaeology of Wether Hill, and summary of the palaeo-environmental history Michael J. Allen 3 Area 1: the cross-ridge dyke 4 Area 2: the field system 5 Area 3: the Beaker/Food Vessel pit and palisaded enclosures 6 Area 4: the round cairn 7 Area 5: the hillfort 8 The stone implement assemblages John Davies, David Field and Peter Topping 9 The pottery assemblages Alex Gibson, Andrew Sage and Peter Topping 10 Wether Hill hillfort and its context – a discussion David McOmish Bibliography

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Book SynopsisTextile imagery is pervasive in classical literature. An awareness of the craft and technology of weaving and spinning, of the production and consumption of clothing items, and of the social and religious significance of garments is key to the appreciation of how textile and cloth metaphors work as literary devices, their suitability to conceptualize human activities and represent cosmic realities, and their potential to evoke symbolic associations and generic expectations.Spanning mainly Greek and Latin poetic genres, yet encompassing comparative evidence from other Indo-European languages and literature, these 18 chapters draw a various yet consistent picture of the literary exploitation of the imagery, concepts and symbolism of ancient textiles and clothing. Topics include refreshing readings of tragic instances of deadly peploi and fatal fabrics situate them within a Near Eastern tradition of curse as garment, explore female agency in the narrative of their production, and argue for broader symbolic implications of textile-making within the sphere of natural wealth The concepts and technological principles of ancient weaving emerge as cognitive patterns that, by means of analogy rather than metaphor, are reflected in early Greek mathematic and logical thinking, and in archaic poetics. The significance of weaving technology in early philosophical conceptions of cosmic order is revived by Lucretius’ account of atomic compound structure, where he makes extensive use of textile imagery, whilst clothing imagery is at the center of the sustained intertextual strategy built by Statius in his epic poem, where recurrent cloaks activate a multilayered poetic memory.

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Book SynopsisThe Byzantine cathedral of Hagia Sophia has been a source of wonder and fascination since its sixth-century construction. It was the premier monument of the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, and remains one of the most recognisable symbols of modern Istanbul. Often seen as encapsulating Byzantine history and culture, the building has been the subject of much scholarly interest since the Renaissance. However, while almost all previous archaeological work has focussed on the church itself, the surrounding complex of ecclesiastical buildings has been largely neglected. The research project presented here (co-directed by the authors) is the first to focus on the archaeology of the immediate environs of the church in order to understand the complex as a whole.Previously unrecorded material includes parts of the Patriarchal complex, from which the Orthodox Church was governed for almost a millennium, what may be the ‘Great Baptistery’ north of the church, and what are perhaps the first fragments of the fourth-century phase of the cathedral yet identified. The discovery of an unrecognised porch, surviving to its full height within the standing building, changes the known plan of the famous sixth-century church. This new information provides fresh evidence about the appearance and function of the complex, illustrating its similarities to, and dissimilarities from, Episcopal centers elsewhere in the Byzantine world. Combined with other archaeological sources, these discoveries enable us to place the sixth-century cathedral in its urban context and to reconsider what Hagia Sophia can tell us about the wider Byzantine world.Trade ReviewAn important read for those who want as much information as possible about the whole complex of the church. * Journal of Greek Archaeology *Table of ContentsPreface Terminology and conventions Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction The Patriarchal complex The Hagia Sophia Project 2004–2018 Methods and practical constraints Chapter 2: The undiscovered church: Hagia Sophia before Justinian Introduction Fourth-century structures Fifth-century structures Features below the sixth-century church identified in other recent work Conclusion Chapter 3: New light on Justinian’s Hagia Sophia Introduction Buttress piers, their external staircase towers and the corner staircases in the base of the dome The Vestibules The access ramps Newly recorded sixth-century decoration Marble veneer on the church exterior Structures southwest of the Justinianic church: the Patriarchal palace Structures surrounding the Large Hall The southwest vestibule of the church The Baptistery south of the church A large rectilinear structure north of the sixth-century church Marble paving around the church and evidence for surrounding courtyards Archaeology and liturgy in Justinian’s church Conclusion Chapter 4: Revealing the Byzantine cathedral: Hagia Sophia after Justinian Introduction The Skeuophylakion North-east and south-east vestibules The north-east ramp Post-sixth-century modifications to the Patriarchate Identifying the Large Hall and associated structures with the later textually-attested additions to the Patriarchal palace The Baptistery The buttresses The south-west buttress The south middle buttress The north middle buttress The north-east buttress The west flying buttresses The remaining buttresses Archaeology and liturgy after the sixth century Conclusion Chapter 5: Sixth-century Hagia Sophia in its wider context Introduction Hagia Sophia in the context of surrounding structures and landscape features Building Orthodoxy in sixth-century Constantinople Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book explores urbanism in Antiquity from an archaeological perspective, focusing on the area of western Thessaly in central Greece. Presenting all the available evidence for ancient urban sites in the region, the study outlines and discusses the origins, development, and decline of urbanism in the area.The archaeological evidence shows that urban sites in western Thessaly developed from the mid-4th century BCE, with at least 25 identified contemporaneous cities spread over the area. These cities appear to have been planned and organised from the onset, with regular street-grids, fortification systems and water supply works, but were generally short-lived, typically existing for only five–six generations. Most of the sites were completely or nearly completely abandoned as settlements in the early 2nd century BCE, often with evidence of violent destruction, and only a handful survived as smaller regional centres under the Roman administration. Restorations of the former urban sites and especially their fortifications occur towards the end of Antiquity, especially the first half of the 6th century CE, but re-occupation appears again to have been short lived, as only three cities survived into the Middle Ages.From a regional perspective, the study shows that the rise and fall of urbanism itself did not necessarily cause complete socio-political disruption, but rather reflect changes in regional and supra-regional political organisation. On a global scale, the study exemplifies the political nature of the pre-Industrial city, its synthetic rather than organic role in agrarian societies, and the cyclic nature of urbanity in history.The book contains an extensive catalogue, presenting each site with photographs, topographical sketches, and complete bibliography.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction The topography of Western Thessaly A very brief overview of the history of ancient Western Thessaly A summary of previous research ‘Cities’ in Western Thessaly, or, how to compile a catalogue Chapter 2: The evidence The pre-Urban setting The urban sites of the late Classical and subsequent periods Non-urban fortified sites Textual evidence Chapter 3: Discussion The late Classical and Hellenistic cities The Roman-period cities The Early Byzantine towns Estimating urban populations Territory, a terrible term The nature of urbanisation, or, who paid for it all? De-urbanisation and the non-organic nature of cities The returns of cities and ‘cyclic urbanism’ Chapter 4: Conclusions Appendix 1: Catalogue of sites 1. Chtouri 2. Domokos 3. Ekkara with environs 4. Episkopi 5. Ermitsi with environs 6. Farsala 7. Fiki 8. Fyllo with environs 9. Gefyria 10. Kalampaka 11. Kallithiro with environs 12. Kalogiroi 13. Kedros 14. Klokotos 15. Krini 16. Metamorfosi 17. Mitropoli 18. Myrini 19. Neo Monastiri 20. Paliogardiki 21. Pialeia 22. Proastio 23. Pyrgos Ithomis 24. Pyrgos Kieriou 25. Omvriasa 26. Skoumpos 27. Sykies 28. Trikala 29. Vlochos 30. Zarkos with environs Appendix 2: Catalogue of fortified sites Bibliography

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Book SynopsisEconomic circularity is the ability of a society to reduce waste by recycling, reusing, and repairing raw materials and finished products. This concept has gained momentum in academia, in part due to contemporary environmental concerns. Although the blurry conceptual boundaries of this term are open to a wide array of interpretations, the scholarly community generally perceives circular economy as a convenient umbrella definition that encompasses a vast array of regenerative and preservative processes.Despite the recent surge of interest, economic circularity has not been fully addressed as a macrophenomenon by historical and archaeological studies. The limitations of data and the relatively new formulation of targeted research questions mean that several processes and agents involved in ancient circular economies are still invisible to the eye of modern scholarship. Examples include forms of curation, maintenance, and repair, which must have had an influence on the economic systems of premodern societies but are rarely accounted for. Moreover, the people behind these processes, such as collectors and scavengers, are rarely investigated and poorly understood. Even better-studied mechanisms, like reuse and recycling, are not explored to their full potential within the broader picture of ancient urban economies.This volume stems from a conference held at Moesgaard Museum supported by the Carlsberg Foundation and the Centre for Urban Networks Evolutions (UrbNet) at Aarhus University. To enhance our understanding of circular economic processes, the contributions in this volume expand the framework of the discussion by exploring circular economy over the longue durée and by integrating an interdisciplinary perspective. Furthermore, the volume gives prominence to classes of material, processes, agents, and methodologies generally overlooked or ignored in modern scholarship.Table of ContentsIntroduction: approaching circular economies through archaeological and historical sources I. Bavuso, G. Furlan, E.E. Intagliata, J. Steding 1. The ragpicker’s dream: notes on the continuous role of junk dealers in the past urban economies back to the Roman period Guido Furlan 2. Laws, Letters and Graves: the Organisation of Scavenging in the Early Medieval Period Irene Bavuso 3. Exploring reuse in a prestige environment: the palace city of Samarra Rhiannon Garth Jones 4. Through glass: recycling and reuse practices brought out by archaeometry and history Line Van Wersch and Alexis Wilkin 5. Beauty, utility, value. Examples of glass reuses from the Roman period to the early Middle Ages Cristina Boschetti 6. Identifying episodes of recycling in the archaeological record Jonathan Wood 7. Textile reuse in the Roman naval contexts Margarita Gleba and Maria Stella Busana 8. Functional, spiritual or aesthetic? – Investigating reuse in high-status 7th-century necklace pendants from Early medieval England Rowan S. English 9. Stars aligned: tracking the use and reuse of Viking Age metal-casting models for star-shaped brooches through 3D visualisation Derek Parrot 10. Seeking the invisible with legacy data. Notes on the use of archives for the study of ancient circular economies Emanuele E. Intagliata 11. Evolutionary Design Processes in Thermal Architecture of the Roman Empire Allyson McDavid 12. Reused columns in an ancient circular economy Jon M. Frey 13. Mind the Gap: Researching Reuse Practices in Palmyra. The example of Reused Inscriptions Julia Steding

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Book SynopsisFor a century following the end of the Lamian War in 322 B.C., Athens' harbour at Pireus was almost constantly occupied by a Macedonian garrison. The Macedonian presence dealt a crucial blow to Athenian independence and Athenian democracy, initiating the first in a long and intermittent series of foreign occupations. The twenty-eight papers in this volume are based on an international conference hosted by the University of Athens in May 2001, and focus on various aspects of Athenian art, archaeology and history in the century of Macedonian domination. They consider Athens' new role as a political stepping stone for potential Successors to the throne of Macedon - Cassander, Demetrios Poliorketes and Antigonos Gonatas were each able to secure Macedonia by using Athens as a power base - and the ways in which Athenian culture was affected by the Macedonian presence. They contribute to the ongoing debate about the reasons for the Macedonian ascendancy, the degree of independence accorded Athens by their Macedonian overlords, the third-century archon list, and changes in Athenian art and architecture.Table of ContentsOccupation and co-existence: the impact of Macedon on Athens, 323-307 (Peter Green) Plutarch's Phocion: melodrama of mob and elite in occupied Athens (Robert Lamberton) Why did Athens lose the Lamian War? (Brian Bosworth) Antipater and Athens (Elizabeth Baynham) Lamia and the Besieger: an Athenian hetaera and a Macedonian king (Patrick Wheatley) Aristotle and Alexander: on the gradual deterioration of their relationship (Emmanuel Microyannakis) Oligarchy at Athens after the Lamian War: epigraphic evidence for the Boule and the Ekklesia (Graham J. Oliver) Athens after the Chremonidean War: some second thoughts (Christian Habicht) Antigonos Gonatas, King of Athens (Stephen V. Tracy) The date and context of divine honours for Antigonos Gonatas - a suggestion (Ioanna Kralli) Shadowland: Athens under Antigonos Gonatas and his successor (Michael J. Osborne) Macedonians at Eleusis in the early third century (Kevin Clinton) Macedonians and anti-Macedonians in early Hellenistic Athens: reflections on 'asebeia' (Manuela Mari) The Philippeion and fourth-century Athenian architecture (Rhys F. Townsend) Athens and Macedonian royalty on Samothrace: the Pentelic connection (Bonna D. Wescoat) Athenian anti-Macedonian sentiment and democratic ideology in Attic document reliefts in the second half of the fourth century B.C. (Carol L. Lawton) Paratereseis sta attika anathematika anaglupha tou usterou 4ou kai proimou 3ou ai. p.X (in Greek) (Iphigeneia Leventi) The impact of Ares Macedon on Athenian sculpture (Olga Palagia) Cape Sounion and the Macedonian occupation (Hans R. Goette) Macedonian dedications on the Akropolis (Petros Themelis) Tradition and innovation: portraits and dedications on the early Hellenistic Akropolis (Ralf von den Hoff) Kephisodotos the Younger (Peter Schultz) Liberation honours: Athenian monumnets from Antigonid victories in their immediate and broader contexts (Thomas M. Brogan) The evidence of Athenian coins (John H. Kroll) Minima macedonica (Susan I. Rotroff) Gilded pottery and golden jewellery (Dyfri Williams) Allusions to mythological sites in Macedonia in the vase-painting of the late fourth century B.C., the satirical drama and Aristotle (Stephi Korti-Konti) Panathenaic Games and Panathenaic amphorae under Macedonian rule (Judith M. Barringer) Index Locorum

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Book SynopsisRome's rise to empire is often said to have owed much to the efficiency and military skill of her armies and their technological superiority over barbarian enemies. But just how 'advanced' was Roman military equipment? What were its origins and how did it evolve? The authors of this book have gathered a wealth of evidence from all over the Roman Empire - excavated examples as well as pictorial and documentary sources - to present a picture of what range of equipment would be available at any given time, what it would look like and how it would function. They examine how certain pieces were adopted from Rome's enemies and adapted to particular conditions of warfare prevailing in different parts of the Empire. They also investigate in detail the technology of military equipment and the means by which it was produced, and discuss wider questions such as the status of the soldier in Roman society. Both the specially prepared illustrations and the text have been completely revised for the second edition of this detailed and authoritative handbook, bringing it up to date with the very latest research. It illustrates each element in the equipment of the Roman soldier, from his helmet to his boots, his insignia, his tools and his weapons. This book will appeal to archaeologists, ancient and military historians as well as the generally informed and inquisitive reader.Trade ReviewThis was a 'must read' from the moment it was published… the 2006 second edition was even better. * Ancient Warfare Magazine *Table of ContentsThe representational evidence The archaeological evidence The documentary evidence The republican period From Augustus to Hadrian The Antonine revolution The army in crisis The dominate Production and technology The study of military equipment Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisLiving Well Together investigates the development of the Neolithic in southeast and central Europe from 6500-3500 cal BC with special reference to the manifestations of settling down. A collection of reports and comments on recent fieldwork in the region, Living Well Together? provides 14 tightly written and targeted papers presenting interpretive discussions from important excavations and reassessments of our understanding of the Neolithic. Each paper makes a significant contribution to existing knowledge about the period, and the book, like its companion (Un)settling the Neolithic (Oxbow 2005) will be a benchmark text for work in this region. The reports in Living Well Together? play out the critical questions posed in the earlier volume: how should one interpret settlement; what of the difference between tells and flat sites; what do we mean by permanent occupation; can we avoid the assumptions that underlie claims for year-round residence or seasonal occupation; why, in some regions and at some times, did people maintain residence for so many generations that monumental tell settlements grew to dominate the visual and social landscape; what would a viewshed analysis of tells reveal; what are the dynamics of households in Neolithic Greece; how should we see the emergence of pottery in terms of material culture; and what were the origins of the LBK, and how can we understand its development? The volume's authors have succeeded in attacking existing thought, in provoking new discussion and in creating new paths to understanding the nature of human existence in the Neolithic. Together they set a new agenda for studying the Neolithic across and beyond southeastern and central Europe.Trade ReviewThe editors (and individual authors) have succeeded in highlighting the need for multi-disciplinary approaches to a diverse archaeological record in order to generate meaningful and realistic narratives of the past.' -- Antiquity Antiquity The well-known specialists in Eurasian prehistory, Douglass Bailey and Alasdair Whittle, together with Daniela Hoffmann, gathered 23 authors in order to frame a new problem in prehistory: whether our earliest ancestors lived well together. None of the 15 contributions answer this question either positively or negatively, but all provide evidence from the Danube basin and some neighbouring regions for further discussion. This valuable collection covers the core region of interest of Vere Gordon Childe and shows how the knowledge on European prehistory developed and changed after his The Danube in Prehistory (1929).' -- European Journal of Archaeology European Journal of ArchaeologyTable of ContentsIntroduction (Douglass Bailey and Alasdair Whittle) Ilipinar and Mentese: early settlement in the eastern Marmara region (Jacob Roodenberg and Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg) Household dynamics and variability in the Neolithic of Greece: the case for a bottom-up approach (Stella Souvatzi) Tell settlements: a pattern of landscape occupation in the Lower Danube (Radian-Romus Andreescu and Pavel Mirea) Late Neolithic spatial differentiation at Polgár-Csoszhalom, eastern Hungary (Pál Raczky and Alexandra Anders) Uivar: a late Neolithic-early Eneolithic fortified tell site in western Romania (Wolfram Schier) Meet the ancestors: settlement histories in the Neolithic (John Chapman) The view from the village: the context of tell mapping and habitual visibility (Steven Trick) Early Neolithic pottery production in Romania: Gura Baciului and Seusa La-Cararea Morii (Transylvania) (Michela Spataro) Material culture traditions and identity (Elisabetta Starnini) Sedentary pastoral gatherers in the early Neolithic: architectural, botanical, and zoological evidence for mobile economies from Foeni-Salas, Southwest Romania (Haskel J Greenfield and Tina Jongsma) Crop husbandry and its social significance in the Körös and LBK periods (Amy Bogaard, Joanna Bending and Glynis Jones) Inter-generational transmissions of culture and LBK origins: some indications from eastern central Europe (Alena Lukes and Marek Zvelebil) The boundary in Western Transdanubia: variations of migration and adaptation (Eszter Bánffy) Perspectives on the beginnings of the earliest LBK in east-central Europe (Eva Lenneis)

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Book SynopsisThis is the third book on material studies in this series on medieval Novgorod and its territory, and deals with a substantial body of animal bones that has been recovered over the last decade. The zooarchaeological evidence is discussed by the editor and a number of other British and Russian specialists looking at the remains of mammals, birds and fish. Topics discussed include diet, butchery practices, the exploitation of fur and skins, mortality patterns of mammals, and metrical analyses of a wide range of species. Detailed data sets are provided to enable the reader to make comparisons with their own research, but the book is also suitable for those with a more general interest in medieval Russian archaeology.

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Book SynopsisUntil now the old religions of Britain have only been looked at in a piecemeal way. This book presents a detailed and focused investigation of the religion of the Dobunni and the Hwicce peoples who occupied the Severn valley and the Cotswolds immediately before and after the Roman occupation. It uncovers some secrets of the old religion of Britain that have lain hidden in reams of unconnected and largely forgotten information, from a variety of sources. The first part of the book concerns the deification of the natural world; the second, the deities of the tribal groups. It explores the deities of the different areas of the Dobunnic/Hwiccan territory; identifying the goddess of the Cotswolds, and describes how the worship manifested itself. Yeates demonstrates how the deification of rivers was important and how this has led to the location of a number of ancient river shrines as well as the identification of a number of monumental arrangements used by the peoples in their religious activities and folk-group identity; numerous recognisably pre-Old English folk-names are also shown to relate specifically to river-names, town-names, and folk-group-names. The religious use of the hill-forts, of which there are so many dotted over the landscape, and their shrines is discussed. These are connected with mineral extraction, warfare, nemetons, and sacred groves. The use for standing totems and burial practices is also covered. Once the associations are made between deity, river, and folk-group, and all other aspects of religion have been discussed the deity who resided over the Dobunni is revealed. Her cult, which was evident in the major Roman towns, can be traced back into the Iron Age, and can be identified as the inspiration for the tribal name Hwicce . This shows an element of continuity in British culture, not recognised previously because of the assumed obliteration of British culture due to the extent, success, and longevity of the Roman occupation and Anglo-Saxon migration. Understanding the tribal goddess also explains why this people were "the tribe of witches". Finally, it is recognised that these gods did not perish but persisted in medieval legends, traditions and place-names. Although at its core this is a study of two British tribes, the work will have a major impact on the understanding of pre-Christian religion not only in Britain but also in Western Europe generally.Trade ReviewSignificantly increases our understanding of the social and religious structures of our ancient forebears and is a worthy addition to any bookshelf.' -- http://www.twistedtree.org.uk/Bookshelf.htm http://www.twistedtree.org.uk/Bookshelf.htm A devastating assault on what everyone thought they knew. It establishes the author as one of the foremost authorities on state-formation in early Britain, and should be read by everyone interested in our region.' -- Oxoniensia 73 Oxoniensia 73 The book is highly informative. The large amount of data systematically presented could be useful for scholars researching a number of different topics and the bibliography is extensive and valuable.' -- Cambridge Archaeological Journal Cambridge Archaeological Journal A stimulating discussion of a subject that has received little concentrated attention to date... The study is a brave attempt to tackle what is a difficult subject area and it deserves to be read by those interested in the pre- and post-Roman west of England.' -- Transactions of the Birmingham & Warwickshire Archaeological Society Volume 112 Transactions of the Birmingham & Warwickshire Archaeological Society Volume 112

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Book SynopsisArchaeology is not just about the past, but the present and future too. Much of our present condition and future prospects are inevitably bound up with what states do and what they fail to do. To understand the inner-workings and motivations of states one must understand how and why they came into existence in the first place. This book describes how states formed in Egypt and Mesopotamia, China and the Andes, and also how the Indus Civilization functioned without a state. This work spans law, ideology, politics, economics, and psychology, the ancient world and modern history, in order to show how power is obtained, sustained and deployed, and in whose interests. Grounded in archaeological data, it examines human nature, morality, violence and governance, issues of special importance to everyone, but in particular to students of politics, anthropology, psychology and sociology, as well as archaeology.Trade ReviewWell-researched and free of superfluous jargon, Maiselss fascinating study makes a valuable contribution to the comparative analysis of state formation, a longstanding obsession of archaeologists... Highly recommended. All levels/libraries.' -- Choice ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface. Why are NGOs necessary? 1. The Science of History 2. On Human Nature: Rhetoric, Relativism and the Realities of Violence 3. Indus-Sarasvati Civilization (‘Harappan’ Civilization) 4. The Levant and Mesopotamia 5. Egypt 6. China 7. Andean Civilization 8. Politics, Culture and Social Structure 9. How do states form? Appendix A. The Socio-Political Contract and the Lessons of History Appendix B. Science v. Ideology Appendix C. Leadership Attributes

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Book SynopsisMemory can be both a horrifying trauma and an empowering resource. From the Ancient Greeks to Nietzsche and Derrida, the dilemma about the relationship between history and memory has filled many pages, with one important question singled out: is the writing of history to memory a remedy or a poison? Recently, a growing interest in and preoccupation with the issue of memory, remembering and forgetting has resulted in a proliferation of published works, in various disciplines, that have memory as their focus. This trend, to which the present volume contributes, has started to occupy the dominant discourses of disciplines such as sociology, philosophy, history, anthropology and archaeology, and has also disseminated into the wider public discourse of society and culture today. Such a condition may perhaps echo the phenomenon of a melancholic experience at the turn of the millennium. Archaeology and Memory seeks to examine the diversity of mnemonic systems and their significance in different past contexts as well as the epistemological and ontological importance of archaeological practice and narratives in constituting the human historical condition. The twelve substantial contributions in this volume cover a diverse set of regional examples and focus on a range of prehistoric and classical case studies in Eurasian regional contexts as well as on the predicaments of memory in examples of the archaeologies of 'contemporary past'. From the Mesolithic and Neolithic burial chambers to the trenches of World War I and the role of materiality in international criminal courts, a number of contributors examine how people in the past have thought about their own pasts, while others reflect on our own present-day sensibilities in dealing with the material testimonies of recent history. Both kinds of papers offer wider theoretical reflections on materiality, archaeological methodologies and the ethical responsibilities of archaeological narration about the past.Table of Contents1. Introduction: memory, archaeology and the historical condition (Dušan Boric) 2. The diversity and duration of memory (Alasdair Whittle) 3. Happy forgetting? Remembering and dismembering dead bodies at Vlasac (Dušan Boric) 4. Forgetting and remembering the digital experience and digital data (Ruth Tringham) 5. Layers of meaning: concealment, containment, memory and secrecy in the British Early Bronze Age (Andy Jones) 6. Constructing the warrior: death, memory and the art of warfare (Bryan Hanks) 7. Memory and microhistory of a city: domestic contexts in Roman Amheida, Egypt (Anna Boozer) 8. The de-scription of time on the Arch of Constantine (Adam Gutteridge) 9. Archaeology and memory on the Western front (Paola Filippucci) 10. Terra incognita: the material world in international criminal courts (Lindsay Weiss) 11. YugoMuseum: memory, nostalgia, irony (Mrdjan Bajic) 12. Memory, melancholy and materiality (Victor Buchli)

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Book SynopsisIn this volume, which is the outcome of the four-year long collaboration project SARA (Scandinavian and Atlantic Rock Art) between the archaeology department at University of Gothenburg and the Laboratory of Heritage of Spanish National Research Council, nine papers summarize new excavation and survey results, advanced studies of iconography and intriguing landscape studies. It addresses topics such as human activities in the vicinity and surroundings of rock-art panels, movement and communication, ritual and symbolism, and finally representations and constructions of landscapes. The book is a sophisticated study of the rock art of two major regions of prehistoric Europe, but one with implications for research over a much wider area. It is wide-ranging, topical and will no doubt also be controversial. Contributors include Per Nilsson, Manuel Santos Estévez, Yolanda Seoane Veiga, Johan Ling, Åsa C. Fredell, Marco García Quintela, Kristian Kristiansen, Lasse Bengtsson and Felipe Criado Boado.Trade Review'an interesting and stimulating book for any researcher working on rock art in general and Bronze Age Europe in particular. After all, it is a vivid expression of the plurality of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches that exist and are being applied to gain knowledge about past societies using their rock art as a point of departure.' -- European Journal of Archaeology European Journal of ArchaeologyTable of Contents1. A Life Aquatic? Looking at the relationships between settlements, rock art and sea levels in the Himmelstalund region of eastern Sweden (Per Nilsson) 2. Rock Art and Archaeological Excavations in Campo Lameiro, Galicia: A new chronological proposal for the Atlantic rock art (Manuel Santos Estévez And Yolanda Seoane Veiga) 3. Elevated Rock Art: Maritime images and situations (Johan Ling) 4. A Mo(ve)ment in Time? A comparative study of a rock-picture theme in Galicia and Bohuslän (Åsa C. Fredell) 5. Bodily Attributes and Semantic Expressions: Knees in rock art and Indo- European symbolism (Åsa C. Fredell And Marco V. García Quintela) 6. Rock Art and Religion: The sun journey in Indo-European mythology and Bronze Age rock art (Kristian Kristiansen) 7. To Excavate Images: Some results from the Tanum Rock Art Project 1997–2004 (Lasse Bengtsson) 8. Perspectives in European Rock Art: The archaeology of glance (Felipe Criado Boado) 9. The Spaces of Representation and the Domestication of Landscape in Rock Art Societies (Manuel Santos Estévez)

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Book SynopsisThe Death of Archaeological Theory? addresses the provocative subject of whether it is time to discount the burden of somewhat dogmatic theory and ideology that has defined archaeological debate and shaped archaeology over the last 25 years. Seven chapters meet this controversial subject head on, also assessing where archaeological theory is now, and future directions. John Bintliff questions what theory is and argues that archaeologists should be freed from 'Ideopraxists', or those who preach that a single approach or model is right to the exclusion of all others. Marc Pluciennik again questions what we mean by archaeological theory and argues that the role of intellectual fashion is underestimated. He predicts pressure from outside archaeology to redirect our dominant theories towards genetic and human impact theory. Kristian Kristiansen argues that theory cannot die, but it can change direction and sees signs of a retreat from the present post-modern and post-processual cycle towards a more science based, rationalistic cycle of revived modernity. To Mark Pearce the most striking thing about the present state of archaeological theory is that there is no emerging paradigm to be discerned; he proposes that Theory is not dead, but has instead become more eclectic and nuanced. Two papers offer a different perspective from other areas of the world; Alexander Gramsch examines the issue from the German tradition and shows that in Central and Eastern Europe not only has Anglo-American Theory had limited impact, but current discussions on the future of method and theory offer a broader view of the discipline in which older traditions are seen to form the foundation. Kent Flannery and Joyce Marcus demonstrate that American archaeologists do not foresee the death of a genuinely archaeological theory (which they believe has never existed) but fear the real catastrophe would be the death of anthropological theory, because some anthropology today has become decidedly anti-scientific, rejecting not only the controlled comparison and contrast of cultures, but also the use of generalisation, both of which are crucial to theories and models and without which the longue durée will always be invisible.Trade ReviewEntertaining and well written, this work contains a wealth of easily accessible information, delivered with a light touch by the contributors who draw on extensive sources. Is archaeological theory dead? Not if it continues to be debated in this fashion. * Current World Archaeology *'one of the most provocative collections I have read in years.' * European Journal of Archaeology *Table of Contents1. Introduction (John Bintliff and Mark Pearce) 2. The Death of Archaeological Theory? (John Bintliff) 3. A New World Perspective on the ‘Death’ of Archaeological Theory (Kent V. Flannery and Joyce Marcus) 4. Theory, Fashion, Culture (Mark Pluciennik) 5. Theory in Central European Archaeology: Dead or Alive? (Alexander Gramsch) 6. Theory does not die it changes direction (Kristian Kristiansen) 7. Have Rumours of the ‘Death of Theory’ been exaggerated? (Mark Pearce)

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Book SynopsisThis richly illustrated volume discusses the histories of the port city of Butrint, and its intimate connection to the wider conditions of the Adriatic. In so doing it is a reading, and re-reading, of the site that adds significantly to the study of Mediterranean urban history over the longue durée . Firstly, the book proposes a new paradigm for the development-history of Butrint - based on discussions of the latest archaeological, historical and landscape studies from approximately 20 new excavations and surveys, together covering a temporal arch from prehistory to the early modern period. Secondly, it examines how the perception of the city influenced the archaeological methodology of 20th-century studies of the site, where iteration and reversal were often being applied in equal measure. In this it asks important questions on the management of heritage sites and the contemporary role of archaeological practise. Inge Lyse Hansen is Adjunct Professor of Art History at John Cabot University and specialises in the visual and material culture of the Roman world. She has published on portraiture, funerary art and the use of role models and patronage and has edited several archaeological volumes. Richard Hodges is Scientific Director of the Butrint Foundation, a leading medieval archaeologist and the author of more than 20 books. Sarah Leppard has led or participated in more than 15 excavations in eight countries and has managed major excavations at Butrint.Trade ReviewThe volume is brilliantly well illustrated including colour plates -- Landscape History Landscape HistoryTable of Contents1. Excavating away the ‘poison’: the topographic history of Butrint, ancient Buthrotum (Richard Hodges) 2. Landscape and environmental change: new perspectives (David Bescoby) 3. Butrint and the Pavllas River Valley in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age (Sarah Lima) 4. The acropolis of Butrint reassessed (Simon Greenslade, Sarah Leppard and Matthew Logue) 5. The aqueduct of Butrint (Andrew Wilson) Appendix: The Roman Bridge of Butrint (Sarah Leppard) 6. Roman sculpture from Butrint: a review of recent finds (Inge Lyse Hansen) 7. The Vrina Plain settlement between the 1st-13th centuries (Simon Greenslade) 8. Two Roman mausolea on the Vrina Plain (Oliver J. Gilkes, Valbona Hysa and DhimetërÇondi with a contribution by Inge Lyse Hansen) 9. The western cemetery: archaeological survey of Roman tombs along the Vivari Channel (David R. Hernandez and John Mitchell) 10. The Great Basilica: a reassessment (Nevila Molla) 11. The medieval church and cemetery at the Well of Junia Rufina (Alessandro Sebastiani, Dawn Gooney, John Mitchell, Pagona Papadopoulou, Paul Reynolds, Emanuele Vaccaro and Joanita Vroom) 12. The Western Defences (Solinda Kamani) Appendix: The glass from Tower 1 in the Western Defences (Sarah Jennings and Karen Stark) 13Material boundaries: the city walls at Butrint (Nevila Molla, Francesca Paris and Francesco Venturini) 14Late Venetian Butrint: 16-18th centuries (Siriol Davies) 15The Castle of Ali Pasha at Butrint (JoséC. Carvajal and Ana Palanco) 16Archaeologists as placemakers: making the Butrint National Park (Richard Hodges)

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Book SynopsisThis volume aims to restore the reputation of Thomas White, who in his time was as well respected as his fellow landscape designers Lancelot 'Capability' Brown and Humphry Repton. By the end of his career, he had produced designs for at least 32 sites across northern England and over 60 in Scotland. These include nationally important designed landscapes in Yorkshire such as Harewood House, Sledmere Hall, Burton Constable Hall, Newby Hall, Mulgrave Castle as well as Raby Castle in Durham, Belle Isle in Cumbria and Brocklesby Hall in Lincolnshire. He has a vital role in the story of how northern English designed landscapes evolved in the 18th century.The book focuses on White's known commissions in England and sheds further light on the work of other designers such as Brown and Repton, who worked on many of the same sites. White set up as an independent designer in 1765, having worked for Brown from 1759, and his style developed over the next thirty years. Never merely a 'follower of Brown', as he is often erroneously described, his designs for plantations in particular were much admired and influenced the later, more informal styles of the picturesque movement.The improvement plans he produced for his clients demonstrate his surveying and artistic skills. These plans were working documents but at the same time works of art in their own right. Over 60 of his beautifully-executed coloured plans survive, which is a testament to the value his clients placed on them. This book makes available for the first time over 90% of the known plans and surveys by White for England. Also included are plans by White's contemporaries, together with later maps, estate surveys and contemporary illustrations to understand which parts of improvement plans were implemented.Trade ReviewThis is an introduction to White’s work built on exhaustive research ... There is much insight here on White and on the way in which landscape designers were commissioned and operated that is rare in writing on this period … Despite his successful and prolific career White has not been the primary subject of attention until now. In this book Turnbull and Wickham have filled the gap and provided researchers with a thorough survey of his work and career. * Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Lands *Over 60 of his beautifully executed coloured plans survive, which is a testament to the value his clients placed on them. This book makes available for the first time over 90% of the known plans and surveys by White for England. * Yorkshire Gardens Trust *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of figures Abbreviations Chapter 1 Thomas White in context Chapter 2 Early career and working with Brown Chapter 3 First commissions: 1765–8 Chapter 4 Established landscape designer: 1769–80 Chapter 5 Later career: 1781–1803 Chapter 6 Getting the commission Chapter 7 His landscape designs Chapter 8 Working methods Chapter 9 Arboricultural activities Chapter 10 Thomas White in Scotland by Christopher Dingwall Chapter 11 White’s sites in England 11.1 Armley 11.2 Belle Isle 11.3 Blyborough 11.4 Brocklesby 11.5 Burton Constable 11.6 Busby 11.7 Campsall 11.8 Carlton 11.9 Colwick 11.10 Copgrove 11.11 Fryston 11.12 Goldsborough 11.13 Grimston Garth 11.14 Grove 11.15 Harewood 11.16 Hawksworth 11.17 Holme 11.18 Houghton 11.19 Kirkleatham 11.20 Lumley 11.21 Mulgrave 11.22 Newby 11.23 Norton 11.24 Owston 11.25 Raby 11.26 Scarisbrick 11.27 Sedbury 11.28 Skelton Castle 11.29 Sledmere 11.30 Welton 11.31 Workington 11.32 Others – Kilnwick and Stapleton Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Domesday Book, commissioned in December 1085 by order of William The Conqueror, is generally thought to have been used to assess wealth and assets to collect taxes, and represents an incredible wealth of information on land-use, local economies, and even land disputes between neighbours.This innovative analysis of the Domesday book from the perspective of a professional land surveyor and valuer aims to calculate a timetable for its creation, along with analysing the survey’s purpose, the nature of the data collected, and how it was used. By reverse-engineering the survey, Simon Keith proposes that while the document was an outstanding administrative success as a survey, it was in fact a fiscal failure which was never used directly to collect any taxes.This fascinating study examines the foundation of the well-established, successful and sophisticated hidage assessments upon which the Domesday book was built, discusses the likely timeline of the survey, and examines the logistical problems which are universal to surveyors throughout history.Trade ReviewI found this book fascinating. It gave me a completely new perspective on the Domesday Book * Thoroton Society *Table of ContentsList of tables, figures and boxes Summary Glossary of terms Preface 1. A surveyor’s perspective 2. Why was the Domesday Survey undertaken? 3. What does Domesday record? 4. Valuation 5. The Boroughs 6. The logistics 7. Conclusions Appendix A. Agricultural & estate management in the 11th century Appendix B. Agricultural labour and the Domesday survey Appendix C. Agriculture, Livestock and Land Use Appendix D. Landholders and totals Appendix E. Cornish comparison Appendix F. Capital sales evidence Appendix G. Cambridgeshire Shire Reeve Picot’s property empire Appendix H. Surveying a village References Index

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Book SynopsisBased on a decade of archaeological investigation and historical research, this book tells the story of the Copes of Hanwell Castle in north Oxfordshire and the creation of a garden with links to the development of scientific thinking in Oxford in the late seventeenth century. New research using Robert Plot’s Natural History of Oxfordshire as a starting point has uncovered details of a remarkable family and their rise and tragic downfall, their social circle, that included some great names in the development of early scientific thinking, and their garden that in effect became a place dedicated to the wonders of technology.The complex tale weaves together the activities of a royalist agent, Richard Allestree, a prodigious musician, Thomas Baltzar, John Claridge, a Hanwell Shepherd with a penchant for weather forecasting, and Sir Anthony Cope who in an atmosphere of secrecy and distrust began to gather together a community that eventually was named by Plot as The New Atlantis, a reference to a book published earlier in the century by Sir Francis Bacon in which he suggests a model for a Utopian science-focused society.The book also chronicles the programme of archaeological excavation that has uncovered several unusual garden features and, most significantly of all, describes in detail the unique collection of seventeenth-century terracotta garden urns, an assemblage that is unparalleled in post-medieval archaeology. This collection was destroyed in a single episode of vandalism around 1675 and has been preserved in deeply buried deposits of mud and silt. Their analysis and reconstruction is opening new insights into the decorative schemes of seventeenth-century gardens. There is coverage of other gardens of the period and their surviving features as well as an examination of early science and how gardens impacted on its development in many ways.Table of ContentsPreface: Robert Plot and Sir Anthony Cope 1. Introduction The Study of Gardens in Theory and Practice Hanwell: Geology, Geography, Archaeology and History 2. The Sixteenth Century William Cope and the Building of Hanwell House The Origins of Early Modern Water Gardens Water Gardens in the Sixteenth Century 3. The Seventeenth Century Continental Engineers and their Influence The Copes in Ascendancy Walter Cope’s Water Maze Francis Bacon, Gardening and The New Atlantis Thomas Bushell and the Enstone Marvels Other Early Seventeenth-Century Water Gardens 4. At Hanwell House The Archaeology of the Gardens 1600-1660 Sir Anthony Cope, the Fourth Baronet Sir Anthony Cope in his Social Setting Hanwell, Cope and Plot Sir Anthony’s Companions The Archaeology of the Gardens 1660-1675 Reconstructing the House of Diversion The Hanwell Pots and Other Finds 5. The End of it All The Aftermath, the Family and Estate after 1675 The Archaeology of the Gardens from 1675 to the Present Day 6. Oxford, Science and Gardening Oxford, Hanwell and Early Scientific Thinking Gardens and Science The Tangley Mystery and Hanwell as the New Atlantis Conclusions

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Book SynopsisJutting out some thirty miles into the Irish Sea, from the western edge of Snowdonia, the Llŷn Peninsula, in north-west Wales, is renowned for its stunning beaches and countryside, with much of its landscape designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The peninsula is also home to a remarkable and abundant collection of archaeological sites and monuments, some of national importance, which bear witness to the ancient societies who once inhabited this narrow finger of land on the western fringe of Britain.This abundantly illustrated book examines this rich corpus of archaeological evidence, beginning with the faint but fascinating traces that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers have left in the landscape of the Llŷn Peninsula and ending in the early medieval period, with about 9,000 years of human habitation thus covered in its pages. In the course of the book, we will encounter a wealth of fascinating archaeological evidence, which includes impressive megalithic tombs and an axe ‘factory’ from the Neolithic; burial mounds and mysterious standing stones from the Early Bronze Age; rural settlements and magnificent hillforts occupied in the Iron Age and Romano–British period; and memorial stones erected by early Christian communities.Much more besides will be found in the pages of this volume, which throws considerable light on the ancient peoples of the Llŷn Peninsula, and the rich archaeological heritage of this special part of the United Kingdom, which has much to offer those who are interested in the distant lives of our ancestors.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Hunter Gatherers in the peninsula: the Mesolithic 3. Megaliths in the Landscape: Neolithic Tombs 4. Mynydd Rhiw Neolithic axe factory 5. The Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age 6. Evidence from the Bronze Age 7. Major Hillforts of the peninsula: Tre’r Ceiri, Garn Boduan and Garn Fadrun 8. Double Ringwork Enclosures: Meillionydd and Castell Odo 9. Romans in the peninsula/The Romano-British period 10. Evidence from the Early Christian period Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThroughout history, rivers have been a hub for human settlement and have long been a key part of local livelihoods, history, and culture, as well as still playing a present-day role in providing services and leisure to people who live around them. It is no coincidence that all four of the earliest human civilizations were formed on great rivers: the Nile, Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow rivers all saw great human aggregation along them. The most ancient, and vital architectural structures linked to the use of rivers are bridges.There are a wide range of medieval bridge structures, some very simple in their construction, to amazing triumphs of design and engineering comparable with the great churches of the period. They stand today as proof of the great importance of transport networks in the Middle Ages and of the size and sophistication of the medieval economy. These bridges were built in some of the most difficult places, across broad flood plains, deep tidal waters, and steep upland valleys, and they withstood all but the most catastrophic floods. Yet their beauty, from simplistic to ornate, remains for us to appreciate.Medieval Bridges of Middle England has been organized geographically into tours and covers the governmental regions of East of England, East Midlands, and West Midlands. There are 62 bridges included and beautiful full color photographs of each bridge are included. A brief history is incorporated with each bridge. Additionally, information about the construction, materials used, and unique features are related, as well as historically relevant documents and images. Directions to each bridge and local attractions are also given.There are literally hundreds of bridges in England that meet the criteria for inclusion in this roll of honor for senior bridges. They vary vastly in size, style, and materials. Most are stone and a very few are brick. We have lost many of our older bridges to the ravages of time and the modern practice of culvertisation and urban development. A few of our older bridges remain though, and their beauty and pivotal role in our history is starting to be recognized.Table of ContentsForeword Introduction Defining Medieval Criteria for Inclusion Medieval Timeline Chronology and Dating Bridges and Medieval Road Networks Basic Components of a Medieval Bridge Medieval Bridges and the Church Bridge Chapels The Economics of Medieval Bridges Medieval Bridge Types Medieval Bridge Builders List of Medieval Bridges in Southern England by Region and County Listed Bridges and Structures Scheduled Monuments National Grid Reference Numbers The Bridge Tours The Star Rating System THE MEDIEVAL BRIDGE TOURS OF MIDDLE ENGLAND BEDFORDSHIRE TOUR CAMBRIDGESHIRE & TRINITY TOUR DERBYSHIRE & OLD TRENT TOUR NOTTINGHAMSHIRE ESSEX TOUR HEREFORDSHIRE TOUR WORCESTERSHIRE & KING JOHN’S BRIDGE TOUR LEICESTERSHIRE TOUR LINCOLNSHIRE TOUR NORFOLK TOUR NORTHAMPTONSHIRE – SOUTH TOUR NORTHAMPTONSHIRE – NORTH TOUR SHROPSHIRE TOUR SUFFOLK TOUR THREE COUNTIES TOUR WARWICKSHIRE TOUR A Glossary for Medieval Bridges Acknowledgements The Gough Map Bibliography

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Book SynopsisConsiders the notion that regular landscapes could only arise through deliberate planning, and argues that the appearance of regularity can derive through piecemeal expansion over many years.

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Book SynopsisFacsimile edition of the 1974 reissue of Flinders Petrie’s 1921 corpus of prehistoric pottery and slate palettes from pre-dynastic, prehistoric Egypt. The pottery corpus was produced separately to accompany the catalogue of Egyptian artifacts in the volume Prehistoric Egypt and comprises hundreds of line drawings illustrating the shapes, forms and types of decoration. It was intended to be a ‘graveside’ aid for use during excavation, with the intent that it be used with record cards to classify and date pottery that could then be returned to the grave. The corpus of palettes updated Petrie’s original classification published Ballas and Naqada, to include many new finds and refine the typology and sequence.This series comprises facsimile re-issues of typological catalogues produced between 1898 and 1937 by W.M. Flinders Petrie, based on his vast collection of Egyptian artefacts which now reside in The Petrie Museum of Egyptian and Sudanese Archaeology, University College, London. Long out of print, the catalogues were re-issued in facsimile by publishers Aris & Phillips in the 1970s alongside newly-commissioned titles by contemporary experts. Petrie’s catalogues remain invaluable source material today. The Oxbow Classics in Egyptology series now makes a selection of these important resources available again in print for a new generation of students and scholars.Table of ContentsThe corpus of Prehistoric pottery The corpus of slate palettes The registers Plates

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Book SynopsisFacsimile edition of the 1974 reissue of Flinders Petrie’s 1896 account of the excavation (mainly) of tombs in the area around Ballas and Naqada on the edge of the Egyptian desert, 30 miles north of Thebes.Several areas of the ancient towns of Deir and Nubt color="#2F2F2F">– the latter identified as the center of Set worship face=Calibri color="#2F2F2F">– and more tombs were investigated. At each cemetery, traditionally furnished Old and Middle Kingdom tombs were examined and many proved to have been plundered and reused in antiquity. Petrie named these later burials as of a New Race and describes them in detail at Ballas and Naqada. A collection of mostly Palaeolithic flint artefacts is also described.This series comprises facsimile re-issues of typological catalogues produced between 1898 and 1937 by W.M. Flinders Petrie, based on his vast collection of Egyptian artefacts which now reside in The Petrie Museum of Egyptian and Sudanese Archaeology, University College, London. Long out of print, the catalogues were re-issued in facsimile by publishers Aris & Phillips in the 1970s alongside newly-commissioned titles by contemporary experts. Petrie’s catalogues remain invaluable source material today. The Oxbow Classics in Egyptology series now makes a selection of these important resources available again in print for a new generation of students and scholars.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The cemeteries of Ballas 2. Selected Egyptian tombs, Ballas 3. Products of the New Race, Ballas 4. Selected graves of the New Race, Ballas 5. Summary of Ballas 6. Cemetery of the New Race, Naqada. The drawn graves 7. Notable graves, Naqada 8. Details of burials, Naqada 9. Description of plates 10. Flint implements of Naqada (by F.C.J. Spurrell) 11. Conclusions 12. Nubt, the town of Set Index

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Book SynopsisFlinders Petrie undertook excavation and survey of ancient Egyptian towns in the Faiyum oasis, south-west of Cairo, in 1888–90. The work included opening of a pyramid at Illahun and excavation of a nearby cemetery, excavation and planning of over 2000 chambers of the city of Kahun, excavation of a Ptolemaic cemetery at Gurob, and work at the temple site at Medinet Gurob. This facsimile volume presents brief descriptions of the work with a focus on the artifacts and inscriptions recovered and recorded with an attempt to establish a chronology of occupation in the oasis.The entrance to the pyramid at Illahun, its peculiar structure and exploration of its various internal passages and chambers are described, including the sepulchre containing the red granite sarcophagus of Usertesen II, accompanied by a table of offerings. A series of nearby tombs produced a wealth of artifacts associated with burials, wooden coffins and cartonnages, including glazed objects, amulets, scarabs, beads, silver cowries, carved and inscribed wooden objects and statuettes. At Kahun the complete surviving plan of the ancient town revealed a regular layout thought by Petrie to be the work of a single architect. He identified the acropolis, at least eight great houses, dwelling houses, rubbish heaps, and storerooms arranged along numerous narrow ‘workmen’s’ streets with drainage channels. Much evidence for construction materials and techniques and house fittings, wall plaster and paint was recovered. Portable objects included decorated pottery, some of it imported; pottery trays of offerings; stonework; wooden carvings; flint sickles and knives; inscribed stelae; a variety of copper tools; scarabs and clay seals; stone weights and many tools, including several workshop groups. A family tomb in the cellar beneath one house contained 12 coffins, each containing several bodies with grave offerings buried in succession, two baby boxes and a heap of offerings. At Gurob, the plan of the main temple and surrounding enclosures, within which were contained most of the houses, was established and an outline of its history determined. An unusual practice of burning personal belongings in pits beneath the houses was identified and the groups of objects and inscriptions discussed. The nearby cemetery was also investigated with pit-like tombs producing undecorated coffins but finely painted cartonnages, badly decomposed papyri and a few funerary objects. A discussion of the wider urban landscape concludes the narrative. There are specialist reports on the papyri and stone implements.This series comprises facsimile re-issues of typological catalogues produced between 1898 and 1937 by W.M. Flinders Petrie, and re-issued in facsimile by publishers Aris & Phillips in the 1970s alongside newly-commissioned titles by contemporary experts. Petrie’s catalogues remain invaluable source material today. The Oxbow Classics in Egyptology series now makes a selection of these important resources available again in print for a new generation of students and scholars.Table of ContentsIntroductory 1. Pyramids of Illahun 2. The town of Kahun 3. The antiquities of Kahun 4. Medinet Gurob 5. The tomb of Maket 6. Illahun in the XXII Dyn. 7. Ptolemic cemetery, Gurob 8. Ptolemais and late sites 9. The Greek papyri (by Prof. Sayce) 10. The hieratic papyri (by F.Ll. Griffith) 11. The stone implements (by F.C.J. Spurrell, F.G.S.) Plates

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Book SynopsisThis facsimile reissue of Anthea Page’s 1983 catalogue makes this important source material available again in print for a new generation of students and scholars. The catalogue documents 82 ostraca held in The Petrie Museum of Egyptian and Sudanese Archaeology collection in London. Ostraca are flakes of limestone or broken sherds of pottery used essentially as 'notepads' for private letters; laundry lists; records of purchases; roughly inscribed images of people, birds, and animals; and copies of literary works. In Ancient Egypt they reveal the artist-craftsman at practice, leisure and play. Apprentices, for instance, copied scenes to improve techniques; artists drew pictures to amuse, perhaps with satirical images and caricatures, or made measured studies for finished works. A wide range of trivial examples survive, together with more serious devotional, votive and dedicatory pieces.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Catalogue Appendix 1: Classification of the material of the pottery ostraca Appendix 2: Sketches on pottery vessels Concordance of Museum and Catalogue numbers Plates

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Book SynopsisHailed as a sumptuously produced and finely illustrated outstanding contribution to ancient Egyptian studies, this facsimile reprint of Patrick Houlihan’s 1986 comprehensive study makes a welcome return in the Oxbow Classics in Egyptology series.Animals of all kinds are amply illustrated in Egyptian art, none more so than birds, in both secular and religious contexts and in hieroglyphic scripts. A great variety of bird species has for millennia made twice yearly migrations passing over Egypt, which is also an important overwintering area for many. These migrant birds, together with indigenous species were an abundant and easily exploited source of food for ancient Egyptians, for domestication and status display. Tomb scenes displaying birds provided as food for the deceased are abundant, as are procession scenes of offering with bearers bringing gifts of fowl. Many birds also had religious associations. Houlihan provides a systematic and unparalleled survey of all the bird life depicted by the ancient Egyptians in art and hieroglyphic writing face=Calibri>– some 72 species (plus bats) – with a list of known mummified species, discussions on their religious and secular associations, and many illustrations. Their present-day distributions are compared with that known from the time of the Pharoahs. A checklist of the birds of modern Egypt is provided by Steven Goodman.Table of ContentsSources of the figures Map of Ancient Egypt Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations and references cited The catalogue Appendix I The mummified birds Appendix II A preliminary checklist to the Birds of Egypt, by Steven M. Goodman Notes to the catalogue and checklist Chronological table Index

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1979, this facsimile edition of Jeffrey Spencer’s comprehensive study provides a detailed account of the brick architecture of ancient Egypt. Part I provides introductory information on brick manufacture, early use of brick in Egypt and explains the corpus of brick bonding systems. Part II provides an account of the surviving brick buildings, discussed by type, with special reference to technical and structural matter. Part III presents an examination of the constructional techniques employed at different periods for various purposes. A discussion of the kinds of bricks used, their sizes, and bonding is included.This series comprises facsimile re-issues of typological catalogues produced between 1898 and 1937 by W.M. Flinders Petrie, based on his vast collection of Egyptian artefacts which now reside in The Petrie Museum of Egyptian and Sudanese Archaeology, University College, London. Long out of print, the catalogues were re-issued in facsimile by publishers Aris & Phillips in the 1970s alongside newly-commissioned titles by contemporary experts – of which Brick Architecture in Ancient Egypt is one. The Oxbow Classics in Egyptology series makes a selection of these important resources – which remain invaluable source material – available again in print for a new generation of students and scholars.Table of ContentsAbbreviations Preface Introduction Part I 1. Brick manufacture 2. The earliest use of brick in Egypt 3. The bonding corpus Part II 4. Funerary architecture 5. Religious architecture 6. Administrative and official buildings 7. Domestic architecture 8. Fortresses and defensive town walls Part III 9. Brick walls 10. Floors and foundations 11. Arches, vaults, domes and corbels 12. Solid brick construction in mastabas and pyramids 13. Supplementary materials in brick construction 14. Bonding 15. Special bricks 16. Brick sizes Appendix I: Metrology of Egyptian brickwork Indexes Plates

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Book SynopsisFollowing its appearance, arguably in Orkney in the 32nd century cal BC, Grooved Ware soon became widespread across Britain and Ireland, seemingly replacing earlier pottery styles and being deposited in contexts as varied as simple pits, passage tombs, ceremonial timber circles and henge monuments. As a result, Grooved Ware lies at the heart of many ongoing debates concerning social and economic developments at the end of the 4th and during the first half of the 3rd millennia cal BC.Stemming from the 2022 Neolithic Studies Group autumn conference, and following on from Cleal and MacSween’s 1999 NSG volume on Grooved Ware, this book presents a series of papers from researchers specializing in Grooved Ware pottery and the British and Irish Neolithic, offering both regional and thematic perspectives on this important ceramic tradition. Chapters cover the development of Grooved Ware in Orkney as well as the timing and nature of its appearance, development, and subsequent demise in different regions of Britain and Ireland. In addition, thematic papers consider what Grooved Ware can contribute to understandings of inter-regional interactions during the earlier 3rd millennium cal BC, the possible meaning of Grooved Ware’s decorative motifs, and the thorny issue of the validity and significance of the various Grooved Ware sub-styles.The book will be of great value not only to archaeologists and students with a specific interest in Grooved Ware pottery but also to those with a more general interest in the development of the Neolithic of Britain and Ireland.Table of ContentsForeword List of contributors 1. Introduction: connected Grooved Ware worlds Mike Copper and Alasdair Whittle 2. Grooved Ware in Orkney Alison Sheridan 3. Skara Brae: the significance of the Grooved Ware assemblages Ann MacSween and David V. Clarke 4. Scottish Grooved Ware beyond Orkney Mike Copper 5. Grooved Ware in northern England since 2000 Sarah Botfield and Gill Hey 6. Grooved Ware from Wales Francis Lynch 7. Land of milk and honey? Grooved Ware use in Neolithic Wales Lilly Olet, Richard Evershed and Jessica Smyth 8. Grooved Ware in Ireland Eoin Grogan and Helen Roche 9. Niche bunching and the Inland Sea: Grooved Ware settlement at Over, Cambridgeshire, and River Great Ouse distributions Chris Evan, Joshua Pollard and Jonathan Tabor 10. The only way isn’t Essex, but it may be one of them…: Grooved Ware, Beakers and long-distance connections in southern Britain Joshua Pollard and Rosamund Cleal 11. Between Essex and Wessex Alistair Barclay 12. Recent Grooved Ware discoveries from Bulford and other sites in southern Wiltshire Elina Brook 13. Grooved Ware in south-east England: social geographies, chronology and interpretation Paul Garwood 14. Grooved Ware in the south-west peninsula Andy M. Jones and Henrietta Quinnell 15. Comments on Grooved Ware from a bemused sceptic: questions of classification and terminology, dating and interpretation David V. Clarke 16. Grooved Ware in Britain and Ireland, 2023: retrospect and prospect Alison Sheridan

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Book SynopsisThe study of Roman urbanism – especially its early (Republican) phases – is extensively rooted in the evidence provided by a series of key sites, several of them located in Italy. Some of these Italian towns (e.g. Fregellae, Alba Fucens, Cosa) have received a great deal of scholarly attention in the past and they are routinely referenced as textbook examples, framing much of our understanding of the broad phenomenon of Roman urbanism. However, discussions of these sites tend to fall back on well-established interpretations, with relatively little or no awareness of more recent developments. This is remarkable, since our understanding of these sites has since evolved thanks to new archaeological fieldwork, often characterised by the pursuit of new questions and the application of new approaches. Similarly, new evidence from other sites has since prompted a reconsideration of time-honoured views about the nature, role and long-term trajectory of Roman towns in Italy.Tracing its origins in the Laurence Seminar on Roman Urbanism in Italy: recent discoveries and new directions, which took place at the Faculty of Classics of the University of Cambridge (27–28 May 2022), this volume brings together scholars whose recent work at key sites is contributing to expand, change or challenge our current knowledge and understanding of Roman urbanism in Italy. The individual chapters showcase some of the most recent methods and approaches applied to the study of Roman towns, discussing the broader implications of fresh archaeological discoveries from both well known and less widely known sites, from the Po Plain to Southern Italy, from the Republican to the Late Antique period (and beyond).Table of ContentsList of Contributors 1. Introduction Alessandro Launaro Part I. Methods and approaches 2. Approaches of Roman urbanism in Italy: the example of Falerii Novi Martin Millett 3. The changing face of the eastern Caelian in the 1st–2nd centuries AD: work by the Rome Transformed Project Ian Haynes, Paolo Liverani, Thea Ravasi & Stephen Kay 4. Luck is in the Research Method: Aquinum, the Rediscovery of an ‘Invisible’ Town Giuseppe Ceraudo Part II. Beyond the textbook 5. Cosa, Orbetello, and the Genesis of a Colony. Andrea U. De Giorgi 6. The archaeology of Fregellae: an update Francesca Diosono 7. One should always dress like a marble column (Jackie Kennedy-Onassis). New insights on the urbanism of Alba Fucens Cécile Evers Part III. Not your standard Roman town 8. From sanctuary to settlement. Mapping the development of Lucus Feroniae through geophysical prospection Stephen Kay, Sophie Hay & Christopher Smith 9. Septempeda: integrated approaches for revealing a ‘small town’ in Picenum Frank Vermeulen Part IV. Roman towns in the longue durée 10. Lunae: New Perspectives from Recent Archaeological Fieldwork Simonetta Menchelli, Paolo Sangriso, Silvia Marini & Rocco Marcheschi 11. Interamna Lirenas: how special? Alessandro Launaro 12. A Town and its Road: Aeclanum on the via Appia Ben Russell & Girolamo F. De Simone Part V. Late Antiquity and beyond 13. New archaeological perspective on Late Antique Aquileia Patrizia Basso 14. Bridging the gap. Bridging the gap: new data on the settlement continuity in Parma from the stone bridge Alessia Morigi 15. Conclusion: recent discoveries and new directions John Patterson

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