Search results for """ "mind meets machine""

Book SynopsisExamines the role that machines play in the struggle between “spiritual man” and “mechanical man” throughout the ages• Explores how we naturally project consciousness onto machines and how this is reflected in human culture, science, artificial intelligence, and literature • Demonstrates a direct connection between consciousness and the history of machines in American history • Looks at the contributions and influence of Grace Hopper, Richard Feynman, Philip K. Dick, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison, Elon Musk, David Bohm, Norbert Wiener, and Steve Jobs as well as the Nag Hammadi Gnostic gospels Humans invented and constructed machines to aid them as far back as the Stone Age. As the machines became more complex, they became extensions of the body and mind, and we naturally began projecting consciousness onto them. As Luke Lafitte shows in detail, although machines complicate the already complicated issue of identity, because they are “ours” and “of us,” they are part of our spiritual development. In this sweeping exploration of the history of the machine as a tool, as a transpersonal object to assist human activity, and as a transitional artifact between spirits and the humans who interact with them, Lafitte examines the role that machines play in the struggle between “spiritual man” and “mechanical-man” throughout history. He interprets the messages, archetypes, and language of the unconscious in the first popular stories related to mechanical-men, and he demonstrates a direct connection between consciousness and the history of machines in American history, specifically between the inventors of these machines and the awakening of our imaginations and our powers of manifestation. He examines the influence of Philip K. Dick, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison, Grace Hopper, Richard Feynman, Elon Musk, David Bohm, and others and shows how the Nag Hammadi gospels explain how we can take back our myth and spirit from the machine. Although the term mechanical-man is a catch-all phrase, Lafitte shows that the term is also a meeting ground where extra-dimensional communications between different forms of matter occur. Every machine, android, robot, and cyborg arose from consciousness, and these mechanical-men, whether real or fictive, offer us an opportunity to free ourselves from enslavement to materialism and awaken our imaginations to create our own realities.Trade Review"The ambition of Lafitte’s Machine Intelligence and the Imaginal Realm is massive, provocative, and essential. It is a book that traces the emergence of the American character and mythos reflected in the form of the ever-evolving mechanical man. From the steam engine and the Tin Man in the Wizard of Oz to the Darth Vader and the Matrix, the book is a whirlwind blending of scholarship and pop culture portraying a vortex of ideas, influences, and expressions that portend an epochal shift in how we live, perceive reality, spirituality, and self. We are immersed in a wide array of challenges, complexity, and opportunities, and Lafitte is our navigator." * Thomas Riccio, former Creative Director at Hanson Robotics and Professor at University of Texas at D *“Machine Intelligence and the Imaginal Realm is a tour de force of mythological thinking on a reimagined hero’s journey. A brilliant insight into the potential of humanity and new mythic directions toward the ever-changing frontiers of discovery, innovation, and actualization.” * Judd H. Burton, Ph.D., director of the Institute of Biblical Anthropology *Table of ContentsFOREWORD What Science and Invention Might Yet Become JEFFREY J. KRIPAL Prologue INTRODUCTIONThe Call to Remember 1 Origins of the Mechanical-Man 2 Accepting the Challenge--The Departure 3 The Sorcerer and the Wizard 4 Knowing Thyself--The Initiation 5 The Great Mother6 The Prophet 7 The Final Odyssey--The Return8 The Trickster 9 The Cave 10 The Fourth Dimension Is Calling Us 11 The Savior CONCLUSION The First and Final Boon: Human Imagination Notes BibliographyIndex

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisExplores the ideas of Turing, Lucas, Scriven, Putnam, and Searle, and presents the complex Godel-Church-Lucas argument. This title contains a section dealing with the problem of qualitative features of experience, such as color properties.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first goal of this book is to extend Two Minds originating from behavioral economics to the domain of interaction, where the time dimension has to be dealt with rigorously; in human–machine interaction, it is of crucial importance how synchronization between conscious processes and unconscious processes is established for a sense of smoothness, and how memory processes and action selection processes are coordinated. The first half this book describes the theory in detail. The book begins by outlining the whole view of the theory consisting of action selection processes and memorization processes, and their interactions. Then, a detailed description for action selection processes theorized as a nonlinear dynamic human behavior model with real-time constraints is provided, followed by a description for memorization processes. Also, implications of the theory to human–machine interactions are discussed. The second goal of this book is to provide a methodology to study how Two Minds works in practice when people use interactive systems. The latter half of this book describes theory practices in detail. A new methodology called Cognitive Chrono-Ethnography (CCE) is introduced, which adds the time dimension to Hutchins’ Cognitive Ethnography, in order to practice "know the users" systematically by designing user studies based on a simulation of users’ mental operations controlled by Two Minds. The author then shows how CCE has been applied to understanding the ways in which people navigate in real physical environments by walking and by car, respectively, and explores the possibility of applying CCE to predict people’s future needs. This is not for understanding how people use interfaces at present but to predict how people want to use the interfaces in the future given they are currently using them in a certain way Finally, the book concludes by describing implications of human–machine interactions that are carried out while using modern artefacts for people's cognitive development from birth, on the basis of the theories of action selection and memorization.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Part 1. Theoretical Foundation for Dealing with Action Selection and Memorization 1 Chapter 1. A Unified Theory of Action Selection and Memory 3 1.1. Organic self-consistent field theory 3 1.1.1. Self-consistent field theory in physics 3 1.1.2. “Organic” SCFT 4 1.1.3. Human beings considered in O-SCFT 4 1.1.4. Scale mix 5 1.2. Development of brain architecture model under the NDHBmodel/RT 6 1.2.1. O-PDP 6 1.2.2. The guideline for architecture selection 6 1.2.3. Development of cross-networks of neurons in the brain 7 Chapter 2. NDHB-Model/RT: Nonlinear Dynamic Human Behavior Model with Realtime Constraints 11 2.1. Maximum satisfaction architecture 11 2.1.1. Happiness goals 11 2.1.2. Society layers 12 2.1.3. Brain layers 12 2.1.4. Conditions to make people feel satisfaction 15 2.2. Brain information hydrodynamics 16 2.2.1. The time axis is central to information flow 17 2.2.2. Cerebrum formation process 17 2.2.3. Information flows in the brain 19 2.2.4. Emergence of emotion in BIH 20 2.2.5. Biorhythm of information flow 21 2.2.6. Role of language 21 2.2.7. Multiple personality disorder 21 2.3. Structured meme theory 22 2.3.1. Meme 22 2.3.2. Memes propagate by means of resonance 23 2.3.3. Characteristics of meme propagation 24 2.4. NDHB-model/RT 25 2.5. MHP/RT: Model human processor with real-time constraints 27 2.5.1. MHP/RT’s basic flow 28 2.5.2. Basic MHP/RT behaviors 30 2.6. Two Minds and emotions 36 2.6.1. Dynamics of consciousness–emotion interaction: an explanation by MHP/RT 37 2.6.2. Taxonomy of emotions: behavioral perspective 40 Chapter 3. Layered-structure of Memory and its Development 43 3.1. MHP/RT modules and their associated memories 43 3.1.1. Memory formation process 45 3.1.2. MD memory frames 46 3.1.3. Memory functions via resonance 49 3.1.4. Memory operates in pipelining 49 3.2. Hierarchical structure of human action selection 51 3.2.1. Three-layered structure of interneurons system 51 3.2.2. Formation process 51 3.3. Emotion initiation via memory processes 54 Chapter 4. Implication for Human–Machine Interaction: Autonomous System Interaction Design (ASID) based on NDHB-Model/RT 57 4.1. Users modeled by MHP/RT with MD memory frames 57 4.2. Autonomous systems versus linear systems 58 4.2.1. Linear systems 58 4.2.2. Autonomous systems 60 4.3. Needs that a society of information systems must meet 60 4.4. Outline of ASI 61 4.5. Conclusions 62 Part 2. Theoretically Motivated Methodology for Understanding Users 65 Chapter 5. Cognitive Chrono-ethnography 67 5.1. Understanding people’s behavior in real life 67 5.2. Cognitive chrono-ethnography 69 5.2.1. Requirements for the methodology (CCE) to study human beings’ behavior in real life 69 5.2.2. CCE procedure 70 5.2.3. Behavior selection shaping factors 72 Chapter 6. A CCE Study: Slow Self-paced Navigation 75 6.1. Introduction: navigation in a train station by following signs 75 6.2. Steps 1 and 2 of CCE 76 6.2.1. Attention, planning and working memory 77 6.2.2. An MHP/RT simulation of navigation behavior 78 6.3. Step 3 of CCE: monitor recruiting 82 6.3.1. Investigation of cognitive aging characteristics 82 6.4. Steps 4 and 5 of CCE: monitor behavior observation and individual model construction 83 6.4.1. Train stations, tasks and participants 84 6.4.2. Method 85 6.5. Step 6 of CCE: socioecological model construction 86 6.6. Discussion 87 6.6.1. Two modes of navigation 87 6.6.2. Web navigation 88 6.6.3. Nature of complicated navigation processes 90 6.7. Conclusions 90 Chapter 7. Fast Externally-paced Navigation 93 7.1. Introduction 93 7.2. Steps 1 and 2 of CCE 95 7.2.1. Designing a CCE study 96 7.3. Step 3 of CCE: monitor recruiting 98 7.3.1. Screening 99 7.3.2. Interview for the final selection 100 7.4. Steps 4 and 5 of CCE: monitor behavior observation and individual model construction 100 7.4.1. Data analysis 100 7.4.2. Information necessary for safe and enjoyable driving 102 7.4.3. Examples 103 7.5. Conclusions 105 Chapter 8. Designing for Future Needs 109 8.1. Introduction 109 8.2. Making inaccessible future needs accessible: t-translation invariant principle 110 8.3. A case study of CCE: why do fans repeat visits to the ballpark? 112 8.3.1. Steps 1 and 2 of CCE 112 8.3.2. Step 3 of CCE: monitor recruiting 115 8.3.3. Step 4 of CCE: field observation 115 8.3.4. Step 5 of CCE: conduct retrospective interviews 116 8.3.5. Step 6 of CCE: socioecological model construction 117 8.3.6. Results: developing from a pre-fan to a repeater 120 8.4. Discussion 122 8.4.1. Selection of elite monitors 122 8.4.2. CCE interview 122 8.4.3. Applicability of CCE 123 8.5. Conclusions 124 Conclusion 127 Bibliography 133 Index 137

Read more less

Book SynopsisExamines different kinds of models and investigates some of the basic properties of connectionism in the context of synthetic psychology, including accounts of how the internal structure of connectionist networks can be interpreted. This title investigates basic properties of connectionism in the context of synthetic psychology.Trade Review"In this remarkable book, Dawson refines and develops synthetic psychology – an approach to explaining mental capacities that takes as its inspiration the investigation of simple systems exhibiting emergent behavior. Rich with examples, the book shows with extraordinary clarity how ideas from embodied cognitive science, robotics, artificial life, and connectionism can be combined to shed new light on the workings of the mind. It's hard to imagine a better book for anyone wishing to understand the latest advances in cognitive science." Larry Shapiro, University of Wisconsin "Minds and Machines provides an easily understood introduction to synthetic psychology – start with simple processes, see what emerges, and analyze the resulting system. Dawson lays a solid foundation describing the strengths and weaknesses of various modeling approaches in psychology, and then builds on this by giving concrete examples of how connectionism – using the synthetic approach – can be used to provide simple explanations of seemingly complex cognitive phenomena." David A. Medler, The Medical College of Wisconsin "Thisis a wonderful book, both in terms of the thought-provoking technical content and the delightfully conversational style that readers have come to expect from the author of Understanding Cognitive Science. Dawson has a real gift for presenting complex ideas in an accessible and engaging way that does not dilute the scientific or philosophical intricacies involved." Stefan C. Kremer, University of Guelph, Canada "An important virtue of this book is that the content and order of presentation has clearly been tested at length in the classroom of a dedicated and creative teacher. The book has many illustrations from teaching practice, and would be an excellent basis for a senior undergraduate or introductory graducate course on cognitive modelling, and I'd be delighted to use it for that purpose myself ... This is a fine book, and I suspect it would be a valuable resource for those who don't know much about synthetic psychology but would like to get a clear sense of the lie of the land." David Spurrett, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Psychology in Society, 30, 2004, 77-79Table of ContentsList of Figures. List of Tables. 1. The Kids in the Hall. Synthetic Versus Analytic Traditions. . 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Modeling. What Is A Model?. Advantages and Disadvantages of Models. . 3. Models of Data. An Example of a Model of Data. Properties of Models of Data. . 4. Mathematical Models. An Example Mathematical Model. Mathematical Models vs. Models of Data. . 5. Computer Simulations. A Sample Computer Simulation. Connectionist Models. Properties of Computer Simulations. . 6. First Steps Toward Synthetic Psychology. Introduction. Building a Thoughtless Walker. Step 1: Synthesis. Step 2: Emergence. Step 3: Analysis. Issues Concerning Synthetic Psychology. . 7. Uphill Analysis, Downhill Synthesis. Introduction. From Homeostats to Tortoises. Ashby’s Homeostat. Vehicles. Synthesis and Emergence: Some Modern Examples. The Law of Uphill Analysis and Downhill Synthesis. . 8. Connectionism As Synthetic Psychology. Introduction. Beyond Sensory Reflexes. Connectionism, Synthesis, and Representation. Summary and Conclusions. . 9. Building Associations. From Associationism To Connectionism. Building An Associative Memory. Beyond the Limitations of Hebb Learning. Associative Memory and Synthetic Psychology. . 10. Making Decisions. The Limits of Linearity. A Fundamental Nonlinearity. Building a Perceptron: A Nonlinear Associative Memory. The Psychology of Perceptrons. The Need for Layers. . 11. Sequences of Decisions. The Logic of Layers. Training Multilayered Networks. A Simple Case Study: Exclusive Or. A Second Case Study: Classifying Musical Chords. A Third Case Study: From Connectionism to Selectionism. . 12. From Synthesis To Analysis. Representing Musical Chords in a Pdp Network. Interpreting the Internal Structure of Value Unit Networks. Network Interpretation and Synthetic Psychology. . 13. From Here To Synthetic Psychology. References. Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganize, plan, and build an exceptional data analytics team within your organization In Minding the Machines: Building and Leading Data Science and Analytics Teams, AI and analytics strategy expert Jeremy Adamson delivers an accessible and insightful roadmap to structuring and leading a successful analytics team. The book explores the tasks, strategies, methods, and frameworks necessary for an organization beginning their first foray into the analytics space or one that is rebooting its team for the umpteenth time in search of success. In this book, you'll discover: A focus on the three pillars of strategy, process, and people and their role in the iterative and ongoing effort of building an analytics teamRepeated emphasis on three guiding principles followed by successful analytics teams: start early, go slow, and fully commitThe importance of creating clear goals and objectives when creating a new analytics unit in an organization Perfect for executives, managers, team leads, and other business leaders tasked with structuring and leading a successful analytics team, Minding the Machines is also an indispensable resource for data scientists and analysts who seek to better understand how their individual efforts fit into their team's overall results.Table of ContentsForeword xiii Introduction xvi Chapter 1 Prologue 1 For the Leader from the Business 5 For the Career Transitioner 6 For the Motivated Practitioner 6 For the Student 7 For the Analytics Leader 8 Structure of This Book 8 Why is This Book Needed? 9 Communication Gap 9 Troubles with Taylorism 10 Rinse, Report, Repeat 12 Too Fast, Too Slow 13 More Data, More Problems 14 Summary 15 Chapter 2 Strategy 17 The Role of Analytics in the Organization 20 The Analytics Playbook 20 Data and Analytics as a Culture Change 24 Current State Assessment 26 Readiness Assessment 26 Capability Modeling and Mapping 28 Technology Stack Review 32 Data Quality and Governance 34 Stakeholder Engagement 35 Defining the Future State 37 Defining the Mandate 39 Analytics Governance Model 40 Target Operating Model 42 Define Your Principles 43 Functions, Services, and Capabilities 43 Interaction Models 44 Organizational Design 48 Community of Practice 52 Project Delivery Model 55 Closing the Gap 57 Setting the Horizon 58 Establishing a Talent Roadmap 59 Consultants and Contractors 60 Change Management 62 Implementing Governance Models 64 Summary 65 Chapter 3 Process 69 Project Planning 73 Intake and Prioritization 73 Project Pipelines 77 Portfolio Project Management 80 Project Scoping and Planning 83 Scoping and Requirements Definition 86 Planning 92 Project Execution 96 Governance Structure and Communication Plan 99 Project Kickoff 102 Agile Analytics 103 Change and Stakeholder Management 106 Skeuomorphs 106 AI 101 and Project Brainstorming 107 Iterative Insights 110 Closeout and Delivery 111 Automation 112 Project Debrief 114 Summary 118 Chapter 4 People 121 Building the Team 122 Success Factors 123 Team Composition 128 Hiring and Onboarding 129 Talent Development 131 Retention 136 Departures 137 The Data Scientist Hierarchy of Needs 139 Culture 140 Innovation 145 Communication 147 Succession Planning 149 Potential Pitfalls 151 Dunning-Kruger Effect 152 Diderot Effect 153 Leading the Team 154 Data Scientists as Craftspeople 157 Team Conventions 160 Formal Meetings 162 Coffee Chats 164 Managing Conflict 167 Relationship Management 169 Owning the Narrative 175 Performance Metrics 177 Summary 181 Chapter 5 Future of Business Analytics 187 AutoML and the No‐Code Movement 189 Data Science is Dead 192 The Data Warehouse 195 True Operationalization 196 Exogenous Data 198 Edge AI 199 Analytics for Good 200 Analytics for Evil 201 Ethics and Bias 203 Analytics Talent Shortages 204 Death of the Career Transitioner 206 Chapter 6 Summary 211 Chapter 7 Coda 213 Index 215

Read more less

Book SynopsisCut through information overload to make better decisions faster Success relies on making the correct decisions at the appropriate time, which is only possible if the decision maker has the necessary insights in a suitable format.Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xvii List of Use Cases xix Part I: The Top 12 Fallacies about Mind+Machine 1 Fallacy #1: Big Data Solves Everything 3 Fallacy #2: More Data Means More Insight 17 Fallacy #3: First, We Need a Data Lake and Tools 26 Fallacy #4: Analytics Is Just an Analytics Challenge: Part I: The Last Mile 31 Fallacy #5: Analytics Is Just an Analytics Challenge: Part II: The Organization 36 Fallacy #6: Reorganizations Won’t Hurt Analytics 40 Fallacy #7: Knowledge Management Is Easy—We Just Need Some Wikis 45 Fallacy #8: Intelligent Machines Can Solve Any Analytic Problem 49 Fallacy #9: Everything Must Be Done In-House! 61 Fallacy #10: We Need More, Larger, and Fancier Reports 66 Fallacy #11: Analytics Investment Means Great ROI 72 Fallacy #12: Analytics Is a Rational Process 78 Part I: Conclusion 82 Part II: 13 Trends Creating Massive Opportunities for Mind+Machine 85 Trend #1: The Asteroid Impact of Cloud and Mobile 87 Trend #2: The Yin and Yang of the Internet of Things 96 Trend #3: One-to-One Marketing 105 Trend #4: Regulatory Flooding of the Ring of Knowledge 111 The European Union and Privacy Rules: The General Data Protection Regulation and the EU–US Privacy Shield 114 The Teeth of the General Data Protection Regulation 115 Privacy Impacting the Ring of Knowledge 120 The Nine Questions You Need to Ask Your CIO Regarding Personal Data 121 Trend #5: The Seismic Shift to Pay-as-You-Go or Output-Based Commercial Models 123 Trend #6: The Hidden Treasures of Multiple-Client Utilities 133 Trend #7: The Race for Data Assets, Alternative Data, and Smart Data 136 Trend #8: Marketplaces and the Sharing Economy Finally Arriving in Data and Analytics 144 Trend #9: Knowledge Management 2.0—Still an Elusive Vision? 147 Trend #10: Workfl ow Platforms and Process Automation for Analytics Use Cases 156 Trend #11: 2015–2025: The Rise of the Mind–Machine Interface 164 Trend #12: Agile, Agile, Agile 172 Trend #13: (Mind+Machine)2 = Global Partnering Equals More Than 1+1 177 Era 1: Pure Geographic Cost Arbitrage (2000–2005) 178 Era 2: Globalizing Outsourcing (2005–2015) 180 Era 3: Process Reengineering (2007–2015) and Specialization 184 Era 4: Hybrid On-Site, Near-Shore, and Far-Shore Outsourcing (2010–) 184 Era 5: Mind+Machine in Outsourcing (2010–) 185 Pricing and Performance Benchmarks 190 The Future of Outsourcing in Knowledge-Intensive Processes 194 Part II: Conclusion 196 Part III: How to Implement the Mind+Machine Approach 197 The Analytics Use Case Methodology: A Change in Mind-Set 198 Perspective #1: Focus on the Business Issue and the Client Benefits 207 Perspective #2: Map Out the Ring of Knowledge 214 Perspective #3: Choose Data Wisely Based on the Issue Tree 218 Perspective #4: The Effi cient Frontier Where Machines Support Minds 226 Perspective #5: The Right Mix of Minds Means a World of Good Options 232 Perspective #6: The Right Workfl ow: Flexible Platforms Embedded in the Process 241 Perspective #7: Serving the End Users Well: Figuring Out the Last Mile 245 Perspective #8: The Right User Interaction: The Art of User Experience 250 Perspective #9: Integrated Knowledge Management Means Speed and Savings 257 Perspective #10: The Commercial Model: Pay-as-You-Go or Per-Unit Pricing 264 Perspective #11: Intellectual Property: Knowledge Objects for Mind+Machine 266 Perspective #12: Create an Audit Trail and Manage Risk 269 Perspective #13: The Right Psychology: Getting the Minds to Work Together 271 Perspective #14: The Governance of Use Case Portfolios: Control and ROI 274 Perspective #15: Trading and Sharing Use Cases, Even across Company Boundaries 279 Part III: Conclusion 281 Notes 283 About the Author 287 Index 289

Read more less

Book SynopsisExplores the ideas of Turing, Lucas, Scriven, Putnam, and Searle, and presents the complex Godel-Church-Lucas argument. This title contains a section dealing with the problem of qualitative features of experience, such as color properties.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is Philosophy of Mind presents students of philosophy with an accessible introduction to the core issues related to the philosophy of mind. Includes issues related to the mind-body problem, artificial intelligence, free will, the nature of consciousness, and more Written to be accessible to philosophy students early in their studies Features supplemental online resources on https://www.wiley.com/en-us/thisisphilosophy/thisisphilosophyofmindanintroduction and a frequently updated companion blog, at http://tipom.blogspot.com Table of ContentsHow to Use This Book xv Acknowledgments xvii 1 Meet Your Mind 1 Aspects of Mind 1 Thought and experience 1 Conscious and unconscious 2 Qualia 3 Sensory perception 3 Emotion 4 Imagery 4 Will and action 5 Self 5 Propositional attitudes 5 Philosophical Problems 6 Mind–body problem 7 Other problems 9 Conclusion 14 Annotated Bibliography 14 2 Substance Dualism 15 Arguments for Substance Dualism 15 Leibniz’s law arguments 16 Criticism of Leibniz’s law arguments: Intensional fallacy 19 Explanatory gap arguments 20 Criticisms of explanatory gap arguments 21 Modal arguments 22 Criticism of the modal arguments: Does conceivability eally entail possibility? 23 Mind–Body Interaction as a Problem for Substance Dualism 24 Princess Elisabeth’s objection 25 The dualistic alternatives to Cartesian interactionism 26 Conclusion 27 Annotated Bibliography 28 3 Property Dualism 29 Introducing Property Dualism: Qualia and the Brain 29 The Inverted Spectrum 30 Attack of the Zombies 32 The Knowledge Argument 34 The Explanatory Gap Argument 37 Does Property Dualism Lead to Epiphenomenalism? 39 How Do You Know You’re Not a Zombie? 41 Conclusion 42 Annotated Bibliography 42 4 Idealism, Solipsism, and Panpsychism 45 Solipsism: Is It Just Me? 46 Idealism: It’s All in the Mind 50 Berkeley’s argument from pain 51 Berkeley’s argument from perceptual relativity: Berkeley’s bucket 51 Berkeley’s “Nothing but an idea can resemble an idea” 52 Berkeley’s master argument 52 Why Berkeley is not a solipsist 53 Arguing against idealism 53 Panpsychism: Mind Is Everywhere 54 The analogy argument 55 The nothing from nothing argument 56 The evolutionary argument 57 Arguing against panpsychism: The combination problem 57 Conclusion 58 Annotated Bibliography 59 5 Behaviorism and Other Minds 61 Behaviorism: Introduction and Overview 61 The History of Behaviorism 63 Ludwig Wittgenstein and the private language argument 64 Gilbert Ryle versus the ghost in the machine 66 Objections to Behaviorism 67 The qualia objection 67 Sellars’s objection 68 The Geach–Chisholm objection 69 The Philosophical Problem of Other Minds 70 The rise and fall of the argument from analogy 71 Denying the asymmetry between self-knowledge and knowledge of other minds 72 Conclusion 73 Annotated Bibliography 74 6 Mind as Brain 77 Introducing Mind–Brain Identity Theory 77 Advantages of Mind–Brain Identity Theory 78 A Very Brief Overview of Neuroscience 79 Major parts and functions of the nervous system 80 Major parts and functions of the brain 80 Neurons, neural activations, and brain states 81 Lesions, imaging, and electrophysiology 81 Localism and holism 81 Learning and synaptic plasticity 82 Computational neuroscience and connectionism 82 Neural correlates of consciousness 83 On pain and c-fi bers 83 Some General Remarks about Identity 84 Arguments against Mind–Brain Identity Theory 86 The zombie argument 86 The multiple realizability argument 87 Max Black’s “distinct property” argument 89 Conclusion 90 Annotated Bibliography 91 7 Thinking Machines 93 Can a Machine Think? 93 Alan Turing, Turing Machines, and the Turing Test 94 Alan Turing 95 Turing machines 95 The Turing test 96 Searle’s Chinese Room Argument 97 Responses to the Chinese Room Argument 98 The Silicon Chip Replacement Thought Experiment 99 Symbolicism versus Connectionism 102 Conclusion 105 Annotated Bibliography 106 8 Functionalism 109 The Gist of Functionalism 109 A Brief History of Functionalism 111 Arguments for Functionalism 112 The causal argument 112 The multiple realization argument 114 The Varieties of Functionalism 117 Turing machine functionalism 117 Analytic functionalism versus empirical functionalism 118 Arguments against Functionalism 119 Adapting the zombie argument to be against functionalism 120 Adapting the Chinese room argument to be against functionalism 121 Conclusion 122 Annotated Bibliography 122 9 Mental Causation 123 The Problem of Mental Causation 123 The causal closure of the physical 124 The problem for substance dualists 126 The problem for property dualists 126 Basic Views of Interaction 127 Interactionism 127 Parallelism 128 Epiphenomenalism 129 Reductionism 130 Qualia and Epiphenomenalism 130 Whether qualia-based epiphenomenalism conflicts with phenomenal self-knowledge 131 Dennett’s zimboes 131 Anomalous Monism 132 The Explanatory Exclusion Argument 136 Conclusion 137 Annotated Bibliography 137 10 Eliminative Materialism 139 Introduction and Overview 139 Basic Ingredients of Contemporary Eliminative Materialism 140 Folk psychology as a theory 141 The contrast between reduction and elimination 142 Putting the ingredients together 143 Arguments for Propositional Attitude Eliminative Materialism 143 Folk psychology is a stagnant research program 144 Folk psychology is committed to propositional attitudes having a sentential structure that is unsupported by neuroscientific research 144 Folk psychology makes commitments to features of mental states that lead to an unacceptable epiphenomenalism 145 Arguments against Propositional Attitude Eliminative Materialism 145 Eliminative materialism is self-refuting 146 The “theory” theory is false 146 Folk psychology is indispensable 147 Introspection reveals the existence of propositional attitudes 148 Qualia Eliminative Materialism: “Quining” Qualia 149 Conclusion 152 Annotated Bibliography 153 11 Perception, Mental Imagery, and Emotion 155 Perception 155 Direct realism and the argument from illusion 155 Philosophical theories of perception 158 Mental Imagery 161 How similar are mental images to other mental states? 162 Is mental imagery the basis for mental states such as thoughts? 163 To what degree, if any, is mental imagery genuinely imagistic or picture-like? 163 Emotion 165 What distinguishes emotions from other mental states? 166 What distinguishes different emotions from each other? 167 The difficulties in giving a unifi ed account of the emotions 167 Conclusion 168 Annotated Bibliography 168 12 The Will: Willpower and Freedom 171 The Problem of Free Will and Determinism 171 Sources of Determinism 173 General remarks 173 Physical determinism 174 Theological determinism 175 Logical determinism 175 Ethical determinism 176 Psychological determinism 176 Compatibilism 177 Incompatibilism 178 The origination or causal chain argument 179 The consequence argument 180 What Might Free Will Be, If There Were Any Such Thing? 181 Freedom aside for the moment, what is the will? 181 What might the freedom of the will consist in? 183 Conclusion 185 Annotated Bibliography 185 13 Intentionality and Mental Representation 187 Introducing Intentionality 187 The Inconsistent Triad of Intentionality 188 Defending each individual proposition 189 Spelling out the inconsistency 190 Internalism versus Externalism 190 For externalism: The Twin Earth thought experiment 192 Against externalism: Swampman and the brain in the vat 193 Theories of Content Determination 194 Resemblance theory 194 Interpretational semantics 195 Conceptual role semantics 196 Causal or informational theory 198 Teleological evolutionary theory 199 Conclusion 200 Annotated Bibliography 200 14 Consciousness and Qualia 203 Optimism about Explaining Consciousness 203 Focusing on Several Different Uses of the Word “Conscious” 204 Creature consciousness 204 Transitive consciousness 204 State consciousness 205 Phenomenal consciousness 205 Rosenthal’s Higher Order Thought Theory of Consciousness 206 An objection to the HOT theory: Introspectively implausible 209 Another objection to the HOT theory: Too intellectual 209 First Order Representation Theories of Consciousness 211 The transparency argument for first order representationalism 213 The “Spot” argument for fi rst order representationalism 214 Conclusion 214 Annotated Bibliography 215 15 Is This the End? Personal Identity, the Self, and Life after Death 217 Problems of Personal Identity 217 The Problem of Persistence 219 Approaches to the Problem of Persistence 220 The psychological approach 220 The fission problem for the psychological approach 221 The somatic or bodily approach 222 Temporal parts theory aka perdurantism aka four-dimensionalism 224 The no-self view 225 Life after Death 227 Substance dualism and the afterlife 228 Mind–brain identity theory and the afterlife 228 Functionalism and the afterlife 229 Temporal parts and the afterlife 229 No-self and the afterlife 230 Conclusion 230 Annotated Bibliography 230 Index 233

Read more less

Book SynopsisA grand new vision of cognitive science that explains how our minds build our worldsOne of the most important books yet published this century' SpectatorFor as long as we''ve studied the mind, we''ve believed that information flowing from our senses determines what our mind perceives. But as our understanding has advanced in the last few decades, a hugely powerful new view has flipped this assumption on its head. The brain is not a passive receiver, but an ever-active predictor.At the forefront of this cognitive revolution is widely acclaimed philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark, who has synthesized his ground-breaking work on the predictive brain to explore its fascinating mechanics and implications. Among the most stunning of these is the realization that experience itself, because it is guided by prior expectation, is a kind of controlled hallucination. We don''t passively take in the world around us; instead our mind is constantly making and refining predictions about what we expect to see. This even applies to our bodies, as the way we experience pain and other states is shaped by our expectations, and this has broader implications for the understanding and treatment of conditions from PTSD to schizophrenia to medically unexplained symptoms. From the most mundane experiences to the most sublime, it is our predictions that sculpt our experience.A landmark study of cognitive science, The Experience Machine lays out the extraordinary explanatory power of the predictive brain for our lives, mental health and society.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisOf Mind and Machine provides a broad perspective on multi-level dialogic engagements between text and reader as seen from the use of language in presenting information to generate a discursive experience in various sociocultural settings.The book observes contexts such as national literature in translation, diplomatic speech events, visual-verbal inter-semiotic translation, second language learning, interpreter training, and computer-aided teaching of translation and bilingual writing. These present a unifying interest in textual accountability between form, function, and effect that has been examined from a dual perspective of rhetoric and pragmatics. The research embodies a significant prospect of integration of academic originality with technological innovation to advance language education in the present digital era. Theoretically well-founded, the book does not confine itself to a self-contained system of conceptions and methods. Instead, it demonstrates a rich va

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis''The question for me is how can the human mind occur in the physical universe. We now know that the world is governed by physics. We now understand the way biology nestles comfortably within that. The issue is how will the mind do that as well.''--Alan Newell, December 4, 1991, Carnegie Mellon UniversityThe argument John Anderson gives in this book was inspired by the passage above, from the last lecture by one of the pioneers of cognitive science. Newell describes what, for him, is the pivotal question of scientific inquiry, and Anderson gives an answer that is emerging from the study of brain and behavior. Humans share the same basic cognitive architecture with all primates, but they have evolved abilities to exercise abstract control over cognition and process more complex relational patterns. The human cognitive architecture consists of a set of largely independent modules associated with different brain regions. In this book, Anderson discusses in detail how these various modules can combine to produce behaviors as varied as driving a car and solving an algebraic equation, but focuses principally on two of the modules: the declarative and procedural. The declarative module involves a memory system that, moment by moment, attempts to give each person the most appropriate possible window into his or her past. The procedural module involves a central system that strives to develop a set of productions that will enable the most adaptive response from any state of the modules. Newell argued that the answer to his question must take the form of a cognitive architecture, and Anderson organizes his answer around the ACT-R architecture, but broadens it by bringing in research from all areas of cognitive science, including how recent work in brain imaging maps onto the cogntive architecture.Trade ReviewIn this ground-breaking book, John Anderson brings together research on computational models of the mind and research on the operation of the brain. The book also provides the best description of the latest version of ACT, which is a significant extension in functionality and theory from its predecessors. The book is a must read for researchers and students in Cognitive Science. * John E. Laird, Professor, University of Michigan *In 2006 John Anderson received the world's major award in cognitive science, the Heineken Prize, for his groundbreaking theory on human cognition. His new book represents a courageous effort to further develop that theory; ambitious in its attempt to develop a coherent, general theory of human cognition of all of its physical, computational, and neuroscientific detail. It seems to me that the advanced tools of the present theory can, with great profit, be applied in meeting an ultimate challenge: explaining the role of language in human cognition. * Willem J.M. Levelt, Director Emeritus, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics *The mission of cognitive neuroscience is (or at least should be) to connect cognition with neural function, to explain how gray matter gives rise to the psychology of thought. Where many people settle for a mere geography-an inventory of what happens where * Anderson aims for something much more ambitious: an understanding of how cognition happens at all. By combining trenchant psychological analysis with well-motivated neuroimaging, Anderson provides a new paradigm for addressing the core questions in cognitive neuroscience. An important step in the science of relating mind and brain.Gary Marcus, Professor of Psychology and Director, Infant Language Center, New York University *An eloquent, personal and closely argued book, that synthesizes decades of Anderson's ground-breaking work, integrates that work with the latest advances from brain imaging, and provides inspiration and direction for the future of cognitive science. This book puts cognitive architecture back at the heart of the subject, and provides a rich and coherent account of the computational machine that is the human brain. * Nick Chater, Professor of Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University College, London *Table of ContentsPreface ; 1 Cognitive Architecture ; 2 The Modular Organization of the Mind ; 3 Human Associative Memory ; 4 The Adaptive Control of Thought ; 5 What does it Take to be Human? Lessons from High-School Algebra ; 6 How Can the Human Mind Occur? ; Bibiliography

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAfter decades of research on minds and brains and a decade of conversations with architects, Michael Arbib presents When Brains Meet Buildings as an invitation to the science behind architecture, richly illustrated with buildings both famous and domestic. As he converses with the reader, he presents action-oriented perception, memory, and imagination as well as atmosphere, aesthetics, and emotion as keys to analyzing the experience and design of architecture. He also explores what it might mean for buildings to have brains and illuminates all this with an appreciation of the biological and cultural evolution that supports the diverse modes of human living that we know today. These conversations will not only raise the level of interaction between architecture and neuroscience but, by explaining the world of each group to the other, will also engage all readers who share a fascination with both the brains within them and the buildings around them. Michael Arbib is a pioneer in the interTrade ReviewArbib covers brains and the environment, perspective on space, learning and memory, emotion, wayfinding, the architecture-ready brain, buildings with brains, and experience and design. * L. B. Allsopp, CHOICE *For couple of decades there has been an attraction between neuroscience and architecture. However, the real interactions between the two disciplines have rarely been presented or discussed. Due to the internal complexities of architecture and its dialogical relation with life, the largely preconscious and embodied intuitions of the creative mind tend to escape scientific definition. Michael Arbib's exceptionally wide scientific background, combined with his deep interest in the arts and architecture, makes him well equipped to cross this gap. His current book is a devoted study of the neural basis of architecture and the applicability of this knowledge in the design of buildings, especially intelligent buildings, which are deliberately conceived as extensions of our neural capacities." - Juhani Pallasmaa, Architect HonSAFA, HonFAIA, IntFRIBA, Academician, International Academy of Architecture, Professor emeritus (Aalto University, Helsinki)This book is one of the most valuable contributions, from a neuroscientific perspective, of the interplay between the architectural environment and human beings."- Davide Ruzzon, architect, Director and Founder of Neuroscience Applied to Architectural Design, NAAD Postgraduate Course, at the University Iuav Venice and POLI Design MilanTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Brains in Bodies in the - Social, Built and Natural - Environment 1.1. Linking Physical and Mental and Construction 1.2. Framing the AN Conversation 1.3. How Brains Meet Buildings 1.4 The Many Levels of the Brain 1.5. A Key Debate: Is Neuroscience Relevant to Architecture? Chapter 2. An Action-Oriented Perspective on Space and Affordances 2.1. In an Art Gallery: From Wayfinding to Contemplation 2.2. Affordances and Effectivities 2.3. The Thinking Hand 2.4. The Thinking Hand and Its Schemas 2.5. Schemas: Up to Society; Down to Neurons 2.6. The Thinking Hand and Its Brain 2.7. Design in Architecture and in Brain Modeling Chapter 3. A Look at Vision, and a Touch More 3.1. Engineering and Architectural Aesthetics 3.2. Neural Circuits for Vision 3.3. Learning and Memory 3.4. VISIONS: Scene Perception as a Form of Construction 3.5. Aesthetic Judgement of Visual Form 3.6. Schemas Within and Beyond Vision Chapter 4. Atmosphere, Affordances, and Emotion 4.1. Atmosphere Exemplified 4.2. Motivation, Emotion, and Brains 4.3. Atmosphere as a Non-Gibsonian Affordance 4.4. The Evocation of Atmosphere in Paintings 4.5. Seeking Neural Correlates of Environments Inducing Contemplative States 4.6. Experiences of Ultimacy Chapter 5. From Empathy to Mirror Neurons and Back to Aesthetics 5.1. Empathy and Einfühlung in Life, Architecture and Art 5.2. Mirror Neurons and Their Larger Setting 5.3. How Neural Nets Enable Us to Learn and Remember 5.4. Modeling How Mirror Neurons Learn and Function 5.5. Empathy and the Brain 5.6. Einfühlung and the Motor Component of Contemplation 5.7. Neuroaesthetics Revisited, and More Chapter 6. From Libraries to Wayfinding, Waylosing, and Symbolism 6.1. Libraries 6.2. A Cognitive Account of Wayfinding 6.3. It Takes More Than a Hippocampus to Build a Cognitive Map 6.4. Symbolism and Symbols Chapter 7. When Buildings Have "Brains" 7.1. Machines for Living In, Revisited 7.2. Can Architecture Be Smart, Can Intelligence Be Artificial? 7.3. The Interactive Space Ada 7.4. Neuromorphic Architecture: Neural and Physical Spaces for Buildings 7.5. Community & Biophilia 7.6. Where Might Neuromorphic Architecture Lead Us? Chapter 8. Evolving the Architecture-Ready Brain 8.1. Introducing the X-Ready Brain 8.2. From Mirror Systems to Complex Imitation, Pantomime and Pedagogy 8.3. From Pantomime to Protolanguages and On to Languages 8.4. The Language-Ready Brain is Also Construction-Ready and Drawing-Ready 8.5. The Neuropsychology of Drawing 8.6. Is Architecture a Language for the Architecture-Ready Brain? Chapter 9. Experience and Design: Case Studies 9.1. Imagination and Design: Our Initial Framework 9.2. Jørn Utzon's Experience and Design: The Sydney Opera House 9.3. Sketching and Model-Making: Frank Gehry's Bilbao Guggenheim Chapter 10. Experience and Design: Bringing in the Brain 10.1. Towards IBSEN: Modeling Imagination in Brain Systems for Episodes and Navigation 10.2. Multi-Modal Perception Within the Action-Perception Cycle 10.3. Linking Memory and Imagination: The Hippocampus and More 10.4. From Scripts to Cognitive Maps to Buildings 10.5. And So We Come to the End Which is a Beginning About the Author

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisA brilliant and comprehensive history of the creation of the modern Western mind.Trade Review"...highly engaging story..." -- The Economist"Insightful, thought-provoking and encyclopaedic, Makari's book shows how we came to understand where the mind is located and something of its nature." -- Nature"Soul Machine is George Makari’s examination of the way we moved from conceptualising our core humanity in terms of a soul to conceptualising in terms of a mind. It’s a history not of psychiatry but of consciousness, magisterial and pellucid and often wise." -- Andrew Solomon, Best Books of 2016 - The Guardian

Read more less

Book SynopsisCome along on this wonderful STEM story that follows Femi as he battles with anxiety and overcomes his fears before Science Day.Meet Femi, a hardworking little boy whose nerves can sometimes get the better of him. One evening, Femi is showing his Grandma the wind machine he has built, but when it doesn''t work his tummy flutters and his legs start to wobble. What if his project doesn''t work on the day? What if his teacher doesn''t like it?Children commonly experience anxiousness. Made in collaboration with Woke Babies, this book aims to normalise this feeling of worry and provide children with a technique to combat it. With vivid illustrations accompanying the inspiring story, this picture book is ideal for children aged 3-5 and will subtly teach them about science and mindfulness.This encouraging STEM book for children offers:- Material that''s made in collaboration with both educational and STEM consultants to ensure that it''s accura

Read more less

Book SynopsisCould a computer have a mind? What kind of machine would this be? Exactly what do we mean by ''mind'' anyway?The notion of the ''intelligent'' machine, whilst continuing to feature in numerous entertaining and frightening fictions, has also been the focus of a serious and dedicated research tradition. Reflecting on these fictions, and on the research tradition that pursues ''Artificial Intelligence'', raises a number of vexing philosophical issues. Minds and Computers introduces readers to these issues by offering an engaging, coherent, and highly approachable interdisciplinary introduction to the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence.Readers are presented with introductory material from each of the disciplines which constitute Cognitive Science: Philosophy, Neuroscience, Psychology, Computer Science, and Linguistics. Throughout, readers are encouraged to consider the implications of this disparate and wide-ranging material for the possibility of developing machines with minds. And they can expect to de

Read more less

Book SynopsisHandbook of Human-Machine Systems Insightful and cutting-edge discussions of recent developments in human-machine systems In Handbook of Human-Machine Systems, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of human-machine systems (HMS) research and development from a variety of illuminating perspectives. The book offers a big picture look at state-of-the-art research and technology in the area of HMS. Contributing authors cover Brain-Machine Interfaces and Systems, including assistive technologies like devices used to improve locomotion. They also discuss advances in the scientific and engineering foundations of Collaborative Intelligent Systems and Applications. Companion technology, which combines trans-disciplinary research in fields like computer science, AI, and cognitive science, is explored alongside the applications of human cognition in intelligent and artificially intelligent system designs, human factors engineering, Table of ContentsEditors Biography xxi List of Contributors xxiii Preface xxxiii 1 Introduction 1 Giancarlo Fortino, David Kaber, Andreas Nürnberger, and David Mendonça 1.1 Book Rationale 1 1.2 Chapters Overview 2 Acknowledgments 8 References 8 2 Brain–Computer Interfaces: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions 11 Tiago H. Falk, Christoph Guger, and Ivan Volosyak 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Background 12 2.2.1 Active/Reactive BCIs 13 2.2.2 Passive BCIs 14 2.2.3 Hybrid BCIs 15 2.3 Recent Advances and Applications 15 2.3.1 Active/Reactive BCIs 15 2.3.2 Passive BCIs 16 2.3.3 Hybrid BCIs 16 2.4 Future Research Challenges 16 2.4.1 Current Research Issues 17 2.4.2 Future Research Directions 17 2.5 Conclusions 18 References 18 3 Brain–Computer Interfaces for Affective Neurofeedback Applications 23 Lucas R. Trambaiolli and Tiago H. Falk 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Background 23 3.3 State-of-the-Art 24 3.3.1 Depressive Disorder 25 3.3.2 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD 26 3.4 Future Research Challenges 27 3.4.1 Open Challenges 27 3.4.2 Future Directions 28 3.5 Conclusion 28 References 29 4 Pediatric Brain–Computer Interfaces: An Unmet Need 35 Eli Kinney-Lang, Erica D. Floreani, Niloufaralsadat Hashemi, Dion Kelly, Stefanie S. Bradley, Christine Horner, Brian Irvine, Zeanna Jadavji, Danette Rowley, Ilyas Sadybekov, Si Long Jenny Tou, Ephrem Zewdie, Tom Chau, and Adam Kirton 4.1 Introduction 35 4.1.1 Motivation 36 4.2 Background 36 4.2.1 Components of a BCI 36 4.2.1.1 Signal Acquisition 36 4.2.1.2 Signal Processing 36 4.2.1.3 Feedback 36 4.2.1.4 Paradigms 37 4.2.2 Brain Anatomy and Physiology 37 4.2.3 Developmental Neurophysiology 38 4.2.4 Clinical Translation of BCI 38 4.2.4.1 Assistive Technology (AT) 38 4.2.4.2 Clinical Assessment 39 4.3 Current Body of Knowledge 39 4.4 Considerations for Pediatric BCI 40 4.4.1 Developmental Impact on EEG-based BCI 40 4.4.2 Hardware for Pediatric BCI 41 4.4.3 Signal Processing for Pediatric BCI 41 4.4.3.1 Feature Extraction, Selection and Classification 42 4.4.3.2 Emerging Techniques 42 4.4.4 Designing Experiments for Pediatric BCI 43 4.4.5 Meaningful Applications for Pediatric BCI 43 4.4.6 Clinical Translation of Pediatric BCI 44 4.5 Conclusions 44 References 45 5 Brain–Computer Interface-based Predator–Prey Drone Interactions 49 Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem and Abderrahmane Lakas 5.1 Introduction 49 5.2 Related Work 50 5.3 Predator–Prey Drone Interaction 51 5.4 Conclusion and Future Challenges 57 References 58 6 Levels of Cooperation in Human–Machine Systems: A Human–BCI–Robot Example 61 Marie-Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine, Lydia Habib, and Tom Carlson 6.1 Introduction 61 6.2 Levels of Cooperation 61 6.3 Application to the Control of a Robot by Thought 63 6.3.1 Designing the System 64 6.3.2 Experiments and Results 66 6.4 Results from the Methodological Point of View 67 6.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 68 References 69 7 Human–Machine Social Systems: Test and Validation via Military Use Cases 71 Charlene K. Stokes, Monika Lohani, Arwen H. DeCostanza, and Elliot Loh 7.1 Introduction 71 7.2 Background Summary: From Tools to Teammates 72 7.2.1 Two Sides of the Equation 72 7.2.2 Moving Beyond the Cognitive Revolution 73 7.2.2.1 A Rediscovery of the Unconscious 74 7.3 Future Research Directions 75 7.3.1 Machine: Functional Designs 75 7.3.2 Human: Ground Truth 76 7.3.2.1 Physiological Computing 76 7.3.3 Context: Tying It All Together 77 7.3.3.1 Training and Team Models 77 7.4 Conclusion 79 References 79 8 The Role of Multimodal Data for Modeling Communication in Artificial Social Agents 83 Stephanie Gross and Brigitte Krenn 8.1 Introduction 83 8.2 Background 84 8.2.1 Context 84 8.2.2 Basic Definitions 84 8.3 Related Work 84 8.3.1 HHI Data 85 8.3.2 HRI Data 85 8.3.2.1 Joint Attention and Robot Turn-Taking Capabilities 85 8.3.3 Public Availability of the Data 87 8.4 Datasets and Resulting Implications 87 8.4.1 Human Communicative Signals 87 8.4.1.1 Experimental Setup 87 8.4.1.2 Data Analysis and Results 88 8.4.2 Humans Reacting to Robot Signals 89 8.4.2.1 Comparing Different Robotic Turn-Giving Signals 89 8.4.2.2 Comparing Different Transparency Mechanisms 90 8.5 Conclusions 91 8.6 Future Research Challenges 91 References 91 9 Modeling Interactions Happening in People-Driven Collaborative Processes 95 Maximiliano Canche, Sergio F. Ochoa, Daniel Perovich, and Rodrigo Santos 9.1 Introduction 95 9.2 Background 97 9.3 State-of-the-Art in Interaction Modeling Languages and Notations 98 9.3.1 Visual Languages and Notations 99 9.3.2 Comparison of Interaction Modeling Languages and Notations 100 9.4 Challenges and Future Research Directions 101 References 102 10 Transparent Communications for Human–Machine Teaming 105 JessieY.C.Chen 10.1 Introduction 105 10.2 Definitions and Frameworks 105 10.3 Implementation of Transparent Human–Machine Interfaces in Intelligent Systems 106 10.3.1 Human–Robot Interaction 106 10.3.2 Multiagent Systems and Human–Swarm Interaction 108 10.3.3 Automated/Autonomous Driving 109 10.3.4 Explainable AI-Based Systems 109 10.3.5 Guidelines and Assessment Methods 109 10.4 Future Research Directions 110 References 111 11 Conversational Human–Machine Interfaces 115 María Jesús Rodríguez-Sánchez, Kawtar Benghazi, David Griol, and Zoraida Callejas 11.1 Introduction 115 11.2 Background 115 11.2.1 History of the Development of the Field 116 11.2.2 Basic Definitions 117 11.3 State-of-the-Art 117 11.3.1 Discussion of the Most Important Scientific/Technical Contributions 117 11.3.2 Comparison Table 119 11.4 Future Research Challenges 121 11.4.1 Current Research Issues 121 11.4.2 Future Research Directions Dealing with the Current Issues 121 References 122 12 Interaction-Centered Design: An Enduring Strategy and Methodology for Sociotechnical Systems 125 Ming Hou, Scott Fang, Wenbi Wang, and Philip S. E. Farrell 12.1 Introduction 125 12.2 Evolution of HMS Design Strategy 126 12.2.1 A HMS Technology: Intelligent Adaptive System 126 12.2.2 Evolution of IAS Design Strategy 128 12.3 State-of-the-Art: Interaction-Centered Design 130 12.3.1 A Generic Agent-based ICD Framework 130 12.3.2 IMPACTS: An Human–Machine Teaming Trust Model 132 12.3.3 ICD Roadmap for IAS Design and Development 133 12.3.4 ICD Validation, Adoption, and Contributions 134 12.4 IAS Design Challenges and Future Work 135 12.4.1 Challenges of HMS Technology 136 12.4.2 Future Work in IAS Design and Validation 136 References 137 13 Human–Machine Computing: Paradigm, Challenges, and Practices 141 Zhiwen Yu, Qingyang Li, and Bin Guo 13.1 Introduction 141 13.2 Background 142 13.2.1 History of the Development 142 13.2.2 Basic Definitions 143 13.3 State of the Art 144 13.3.1 Technical Contributions 144 13.3.2 Comparison Table 148 13.4 Future Research Challenges 150 13.4.1 Current Research Issues 150 13.4.2 Future Research Directions 151 References 152 14 Companion Technology 155 Andreas Wendemuth 14.1 Introduction 155 14.2 Background 155 14.2.1 History 156 14.2.2 Basic Definitions 157 14.3 State-of-the-Art 158 14.3.1 Discussion of the Most Important Scientific/Technical Contributions 159 14.4 Future Research Challenges 159 14.4.1 Current Research Issues 159 14.4.2 Future Research Directions Dealing with the Current Issues 160 References 161 15 A Survey on Rollator-Type Mobility Assistance Robots 165 Milad Geravand, Christian Werner, Klaus Hauer, and Angelika Peer 15.1 Introduction 165 15.2 Mobility Assistance Platforms 165 15.2.1 Actuation 166 15.2.2 Kinematics 166 15.2.2.1 Locomotion Support 166 15.2.2.2 STS Support 166 15.2.3 Sensors 168 15.2.4 Human–Machine Interfaces 168 15.3 Functionalities 168 15.3.1 STS Assistance 169 15.3.2 Walking Assistance 169 15.3.2.1 Maneuverability Improvement 169 15.3.2.2 Gravity Compensation 170 15.3.2.3 Obstacle Avoidance 170 15.3.2.4 Falls Risk Prediction and Fall Prevention 170 15.3.3 Localization and Navigation 170 15.3.3.1 Map Building and Localization 171 15.3.3.2 Path Planning 171 15.3.3.3 Assisted Localization 171 15.3.3.4 Assisted Navigation 171 15.3.4 Further Functionalities 171 15.3.4.1 Reminder Systems 171 15.3.4.2 Health Monitoring 171 15.3.4.3 Communication, Information, Entertainment, and Training 172 15.4 Conclusion 172 References 173 16 A Wearable Affective Robot 181 Jia Liu, Jinfeng Xu, Min Chen, and Iztok Humar 16.1 Introduction 181 16.2 Architecture Design and Characteristics 183 16.2.1 Architecture of a Wearable Affective Robot 183 16.2.2 Characteristics of a Wearable Affective Robot 184 16.3 Design of the Wearable, Affective Robot’s Hardware 185 16.3.1 AIWAC Box Hardware Design 185 16.3.2 Hardware Design of the EEG Acquisition 185 16.3.3 AIWAC Smart Tactile Device 185 16.3.4 Prototype of the Wearable Affective Robot 186 16.4 Algorithm for the Wearable Affective Robot 186 16.4.1 Algorithm for Affective Recognition 186 16.4.2 User-Behavior Perception based on a Brain-Wearable Device 186 16.5 Life Modeling of the Wearable Affective Robot 187 16.5.1 Data Set Labeling and Processing 188 16.5.2 Multidimensional Data Integration 188 16.5.3 Modeling of Associated Scenarios 188 16.6 Challenges and Prospects 189 16.6.1 Research Challenges of the Wearable Affective Robot 189 16.6.2 Application Scenarios for the Wearable Affective Robot 189 16.7 Conclusions 190 References 190 17 Visual Human–Computer Interactions for Intelligent Vehicles 193 Xumeng Wang, Wei Chen, and Fei-Yue Wang 17.1 Introduction 193 17.2 Background 193 17.3 State-of-the-Art 194 17.3.1 VHCI in Vehicles 194 17.3.1.1 Information Feedback from Intelligent Vehicles 195 17.3.1.2 Human-Guided Driving 195 17.3.2 VHCI Among Vehicles 195 17.3.3 VHCI Beyond Vehicles 195 17.4 Future Research Challenges 196 17.4.1 VHCI for Intelligent Vehicles 196 17.4.1.1 Vehicle Development 196 17.4.1.2 Vehicle Manufacture 197 17.4.1.3 Preference Recording 197 17.4.1.4 Vehicle Usage 197 17.4.2 VHCI for Intelligent Transportation Systems 198 17.4.2.1 Parallel World 198 17.4.2.2 The Framework of Intelligent Transportation Systems 198 References 199 18 Intelligent Collaboration Between Humans and Robots 203 Andrea Maria Zanchettin 18.1 Introduction 203 18.2 Background 203 18.2.1 Context 203 18.2.2 Basic Definitions 204 18.3 Related Work 205 18.4 Validation Cases 206 18.4.1 A Simple Verification Scenario 207 18.4.2 Activity Recognition Based on Semantic Hand-Object Interaction 208 18.5 Conclusions 210 18.6 Future Research Challenges 210 References 210 19 To Be Trustworthy and To Trust: The New Frontier of Intelligent Systems 213 Rino Falcone, Alessandro Sapienza, Filippo Cantucci, and Cristiano Castelfranchi 19.1 Introduction 213 19.2 Background 214 19.3 Basic Definitions 214 19.4 State-of-the-Art 215 19.4.1 Trust in Different Domains 215 19.4.2 Selected Articles 215 19.4.3 Differences in the Use of Trust 216 19.4.4 Approaches to Model Trust 217 19.4.5 Sources of Trust 218 19.4.6 Different Computational Models of Trust 218 19.5 Future Research Challenges 220 References 221 20 Decoding Humans’ and Virtual Agents’ Emotional Expressions 225 Terry Amorese, Gennaro Cordasco, Marialucia Cuciniello, Olga Shevaleva, Stefano Marrone, Carl Vogel, and Anna Esposito 20.1 Introduction 225 20.2 Related Work 226 20.3 Materials and Methodology 227 20.3.1 Participants 227 20.3.2 Stimuli 228 20.3.3 Tools and Procedures 228 20.4 Descriptive Statistics 229 20.5 Data Analysis and Results 230 20.5.1 Comparison Synthetic vs. Naturalistic Experiment 234 20.6 Discussion and Conclusions 235 Acknowledgment 238 References 238 21 Intelligent Computational Edge: From Pervasive Computing and Internet of Things to Computing Continuum 241 Radmila Juric 21.1 Introduction 241 21.2 The Journey of Pervasive Computing 242 21.3 The Power of the IoT 243 21.3.1 Inherent Problems with the IoT 244 21.4 IoT: The Journey from Cloud to Edge 245 21.5 Toward Intelligent Computational Edge 246 21.6 Is Computing Continuum the Answer? 247 21.7 Do We Have More Questions than Answers? 248 21.8 What Would our Vision Be? 249 References 251 22 Implementing Context Awareness in Autonomous Vehicles 257 Federico Faruffini, Alessandro Correa-Victorino, and Marie-Hélène Abel 22.1 Introduction 257 22.2 Background 258 22.2.1 Ontologies 258 22.2.2 Autonomous Driving 258 22.2.3 Basic Definitions 259 22.3 Related Works 260 22.4 Implementation and Tests 261 22.4.1 Implementing the Context of Navigation 261 22.4.2 Control Loop Rule 262 22.4.3 Simulations 263 22.5 Conclusions 264 22.6 Future Research Challenges 264 References 264 23 The Augmented Workforce: A Systematic Review of Operator Assistance Systems 267 Elisa Roth, Mirco Moencks, and Thomas Bohné 23.1 Introduction 267 23.2 Background 268 23.2.1 Definitions 268 23.3 State of the Art 269 23.3.1 Empirical Considerations 270 23.3.1.1 Application Areas 270 23.3.2 Assistance Capabilities 270 23.3.2.1 Task Guidance 271 23.3.2.2 Knowledge Management 271 23.3.2.3 Monitoring 273 23.3.2.4 Communication 273 23.3.2.5 Decision-Making 273 23.3.3 Meta-capabilities 274 23.3.3.1 Configuration Flexibility 274 23.3.3.2 Interoperability 274 23.3.3.3 Content Authoring 274 23.3.3.4 Initiation 274 23.3.3.5 Hardware 275 23.3.3.6 User Interfaces 275 23.4 Future Research Directions 275 23.4.1 Empirical Evidence 275 23.4.2 Collaborative Research 277 23.4.3 Systemic Approaches 277 23.4.4 Technology-Mediated Learning 277 23.5 Conclusion 277 References 278 24 Cognitive Performance Modeling 281 Maryam Zahabi and Junho Park 24.1 Introduction 281 24.2 Background 281 24.3 State-of-the-Art 282 24.4 Current Research Issues 286 24.5 Future Research Directions Dealing with the Current Issues 286 References 287 25 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: Transparency and Driver Performance Effects 291 Yulin Deng and David B. Kaber 25.1 Introduction 291 25.2 Background 292 25.2.1 Context 292 25.2.2 Basic Definition 292 25.3 Related Work 293 25.4 Method 294 25.4.1 Apparatus 295 25.4.2 Participants 296 25.4.3 Experiment Design 296 25.4.4 Tasks 297 25.4.5 Dependent Variables 297 25.4.5.1 Hazard Negotiation Performance 297 25.4.5.2 Vehicle Control Performance 298 25.4.6 Procedure 298 25.5 Results 299 25.5.1 Hazard Reaction Performance 299 25.5.2 Posthazard Manual Driving Performance 299 25.5.3 Posttesting Usability Questionnaire 301 25.6 Discussion 302 25.7 Conclusion 303 25.8 Future Research 304 References 304 26 RGB-D Based Human Action Recognition: From Handcrafted to Deep Learning 307 Bangli Liu and Honghai Liu 26.1 Introduction 307 26.2 RGB-D Sensors and 3D Data 307 26.3 Human Action Recognition via Handcrafted Methods 308 26.3.1 Skeleton-Based Methods 308 26.3.2 Depth-Based Methods 309 26.3.3 Hybrid Feature-Based Methods 309 26.4 Human Action Recognition via Deep Learning Methods 310 26.4.1 CNN-Based Methods 310 26.4.2 RNN-Based Methods 311 26.4.3 GCN-Based Methods 313 26.5 Discussion 314 26.6 RGB-D Datasets 314 26.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 315 References 316 27 Hybrid Intelligence: Augmenting Employees’ Decision-Making with AI-Based Applications 321 Ina Heine, Thomas Hellebrandt, Louis Huebser, and Marcos Padrón 27.1 Introduction 321 27.2 Background 321 27.2.1 Context 321 27.2.2 Basic Definitions 322 27.3 Related Work 323 27.4 Technical Part of the Chapter 324 27.4.1 Description of the Use Case 324 27.4.1.1 Business Model 324 27.4.1.2 Process 324 27.4.1.3 Use Case Objectives 325 27.4.2 Description of the Envisioned Solution 325 27.4.3 Development Approach of AI Application 326 27.4.3.1 Development Process 326 27.4.3.2 Process Analysis and Time Study 326 27.4.3.3 Development and Deployment Data 327 27.4.3.4 System Testing and Deployment 327 27.4.3.5 Development Infrastructure and Development Cost Monitoring 327 27.5 Conclusions 330 27.6 Future Research Challenges 330 References 330 28 Human Factors in Driving 333 Birsen Donmez, Dengbo He, and Holland M. Vasquez 28.1 Introduction 333 28.2 Research Methodologies 334 28.3 In-Vehicle Electronic Devices 335 28.3.1 Distraction 335 28.3.2 Interaction Modality 336 28.3.2.1 Visual and Manual Modalities 336 28.3.2.2 Auditory and Vocal Modalities 337 28.3.2.3 Haptic Modality 338 28.3.3 Wearable Devices 338 28.4 Vehicle Automation 339 28.4.1 Driver Support Features 339 28.4.2 Automated Driving Features 341 28.5 Driver Monitoring Systems 342 28.6 Conclusion 343 References 343 29 Wearable Computing Systems: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges 349 Giancarlo Fortino and Raffaele Gravina 29.1 Introduction 349 29.2 Wearable Devices 350 29.2.1 A History of Wearables 350 29.2.2 Sensor Types 351 29.2.2.1 Physiological Sensors 352 29.2.2.2 Inertial Sensors 352 29.2.2.3 Visual Sensors 352 29.2.2.4 Audio Sensors 355 29.2.2.5 Other Sensors 355 29.3 Body Sensor Networks-based Wearable Computing Systems 355 29.3.1 Body Sensor Networks 355 29.3.2 The SPINE Body-of-Knowledge 357 29.3.2.1 The SPINE Framework 357 29.3.2.2 The BodyCloud Framework 359 29.4 Applications of Wearable Devices and BSNs 360 29.4.1 Healthcare 360 29.4.1.1 Cardiovascular Disease 362 29.4.1.2 Parkinson’s Disease 362 29.4.1.3 Respiratory Disease 362 29.4.1.4 Diabetes 363 29.4.1.5 Rehabilitation 363 29.4.2 Fitness 363 29.4.2.1 Diet Monitoring 363 29.4.2.2 Activity/Fitness Tracker 363 29.4.3 Sports 364 29.4.4 Entertainment 364 29.5 Challenges and Prospects 364 29.5.1 Materials and Wearability 364 29.5.2 Power Supply 365 29.5.3 Security and Privacy 365 29.5.4 Communication 365 29.5.5 Embedded Computing, Development Methodologies, and Edge AI 365 29.6 Conclusions 365 Acknowledgment 366 References 366 30 Multisensor Wearable Device for Monitoring Vital Signs and Physical Activity 373 Joshua Di Tocco, Luigi Raiano, Daniela lo Presti, Carlo Massaroni, Domenico Formica, and Emiliano Schena 30.1 Introduction 373 30.2 Background 373 30.2.1 Context 373 30.2.2 Basic Definitions 374 30.3 Related Work 375 30.4 Case Study: Multisensor Wearable Device for Monitoring RR and Physical Activity 376 30.4.1 Wearable Device Description 376 30.4.1.1 Module for the Estimation of RR 377 30.4.1.2 Module for the Estimation of Physical Activity 377 30.4.2 Experimental Setup and Protocol 378 30.4.2.1 Experimental Setup 378 30.4.2.2 Experimental Protocol 378 30.4.3 Data Analysis 378 30.4.4 Results 378 30.5 Conclusions 379 30.6 Future Research Challenges 380 References 380 31 Integration of Machine Learning with Wearable Technologies 383 Darius Nahavandi, Roohallah Alizadehsani, and Abbas Khosravi 31.1 Introduction 383 31.2 Background 384 31.2.1 History of Wearables 384 31.2.2 Supervised Learning 384 31.2.3 Unsupervised Learning 386 31.2.4 Deep Learning 386 31.2.5 Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient 387 31.2.6 Cloud Computing 388 31.2.7 Edge Computing 388 31.3 State of the Art 389 31.4 Future Research Challenges 392 References 393 32 Gesture-Based Computing 397 Gennaro Costagliola, Mattia De Rosa, and Vittorio Fuccella 32.1 Introduction 397 32.2 Background 398 32.2.1 History of the Development of Gesture-Based Computing 398 32.2.2 Basic Definitions 399 32.3 State of the Art 399 32.4 Future Research Challenges 402 32.4.1 Current Research Issues 402 32.4.2 Future Research Directions Dealing with the Current Issues 403 Acknowledgment 403 References 403 33 EEG-based Affective Computing 409 Xueliang Quan and Dongrui Wu 33.1 Introduction 409 33.2 Background 409 33.2.1 Brief History 409 33.2.2 Emotion Theory 410 33.2.3 Emotion Representation 410 33.2.4 Eeg 410 33.2.5 EEG-Based Emotion Recognition 411 33.3 State-of-the-Art 411 33.3.1 Public Datasets 411 33.3.2 EEG Feature Extraction 411 33.3.3 Feature Fusion 412 33.3.4 Affective Computing Algorithms 413 33.3.4.1 Transfer Learning 413 33.3.4.2 Active Learning 413 33.3.4.3 Deep Learning 413 33.4 Challenges and Future Directions 414 Acknowledgment 415 References 415 34 Security of Human Machine Systems 419 Francesco Flammini, Emanuele Bellini, Maria Stella de Biase, and Stefano Marrone 34.1 Introduction 419 34.2 Background 420 34.2.1 An Historical Retrospective 420 34.2.2 Foundations of Security Theory 421 34.2.3 A Reference Model 421 34.3 State of the Art 422 34.3.1 Survey Methodology 422 34.3.2 Research Trends 425 34.4 Conclusions and Future Research 426 References 428 35 Integrating Innovation: The Role of Standards in Promoting Responsible Development of Human–Machine Systems 431 Zach McKinney, Martijn de Neeling, Luigi Bianchi, and Ricardo Chavarriaga 35.1 Introduction to Standards in Human–Machine Systems 431 35.1.1 What Are Standards? 431 35.1.2 Standards in Context: Technology Governance, Best Practice, and Soft Law 432 35.1.3 The Need for Standards in HMS 433 35.1.4 Benefits of Standards 433 35.1.5 What Makes an Effective Standard? 434 35.2 The HMS Standards Landscape 435 35.2.1 Standards in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology for Brain–Machine Interfaces 435 35.2.2 IEEE P2731 – Unified Terminology for BCI 435 35.2.2.1 The BCI Glossary 439 35.2.2.2 The BCI Functional Model 439 35.2.2.3 BCI Data Storage 439 35.2.3 IEEE P2794 – Reporting Standard for in vivo Neural Interface Research (RSNIR) 441 35.3 Standards Development Process 443 35.3.1 Who Can Participate in Standards Development? 443 35.3.2 Why Should I Participate in Standards Development? 444 35.3.3 How Can I get Involved in Standards Development? 444 35.4 Strategic Considerations and Discussion 444 35.4.1 Challenges to Development and Barriers to Adoption of Standards 444 35.4.2 Strategies to Promote Standards Development and Adoption 445 35.4.3 Final Perspective: On Innovation 445 Acknowledgements 446 References 446 36 Situation Awareness in Human-Machine Systems 451 Giuseppe D’Aniello and Matteo Gaeta 36.1 Introduction 451 36.2 Background 452 36.3 State-of-the-Art 453 36.3.1 Situation Identification Techniques in HMS 454 36.3.2 Situation Evolution in HMS 455 36.3.3 Situation-Aware Human Machine-Systems 455 36.4 Discussion and Research Challenges 456 36.5 Conclusion 458 References 458 37 Modeling, Analyzing, and Fostering the Adoption of New Technologies: The Case of Electric Vehicles 463 Valentina Breschi, Chiara Ravazzi, Silvia Strada, Fabrizio Dabbene, and Mara Tanelli 37.1 Introduction 463 37.2 Background 464 37.2.1 An Agent-based Model for EV Transition 464 37.2.2 Calibration Based on Real Mobility Patterns 466 37.3 Fostering the EV Transition via Control over Networks 468 37.3.1 Related Work: A Perspective Analysis 468 37.3.2 A New Model for EV Transition with Incentive Policies 469 37.3.2.1 Modeling Time-varying Thresholds 469 37.3.2.2 Calibration of the Model 470 37.4 Boosting EV Adoption with Feedback 470 37.4.1 Formulation of the Optimal Control Problem 470 37.4.2 Derivation of the Optimal Policies 471 37.4.3 A Receding Horizon Strategy to Boost EV Adoption 472 37.5 Experimental Results 473 37.6 Conclusions 476 37.7 Future Research Challenges 477 Acknowlegments 477 References 477 Index 479

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn examination of how concepts of “the savage” facilitated technological approaches to modernist design Attempting to derive aesthetic systems from natural structures of human cognition, designers looked toward the “savage mind”—a way of thinking they associated with a racialized subaltern. In Savage Mind to Savage Machine, Ginger Nolan uncovers an enduring relationship between “the savage” and the development of technology and its wide-ranging impact on society, including in the fields of architecture and urbanism, the industrial arts, and digital design.Nolan focuses on the relationship between the applied arts and the structuralist social sciences, proposing that the late-nineteenth-century rise of Freudian psychology, ethnology, and structuralist linguistics offered innovations and new opportunities in studying human cognition. She looks at institutions ranging from the Public Industrial Arts School of Philadelphia and the Weimar Bauhaus to the MIT Media Lab and the Centre Mondial Informatique, revealing a persistent theme of twentieth-century design: to supplant language with more subliminal, aesthetic modes of communication, thereby inculcating a deep intimacy between human habit and new technologies of production, communication, and consumption.This book’s ultimate critique is of the development of the ergonomics of the spirit—the design of the human cognitive apparatus in relation to new aesthetic technologies. Nolan sees these ergonomics as a means of depoliticizing societies through aesthetic technologies intended to seamlessly integrate humans into the programs of capitalist modernity. Revising key modernist design narratives, Savage Mind to Savage Machine provides a deep historical foundation for understanding our contemporary world.Trade Review"Savage Mind to Savage Machine is a breathtakingly ambitious discussion of ‘savage thought’ in modern architecture and design—ambitious methodologically, in its move from reductive versions of contextualization towards an epistemology of interdisciplinary aporias, displacements, and contradictions; ambitious historiographically, in its reconstruction of modern architecture as conceptual and political project; and, perhaps most compellingly of all, ambitious in its enmeshment of methodology and historiography towards an entirely new reading of the relation of modern architecture to its supposedly ‘savage’ counterparts."—Andrew Herscher, University of Michigan"Well-illustrated and persuasively argued, the book mixes historiography and complex theoretical analysis, detecting subtle interplays between design and governance over a long durée. "—Journal of Design History

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNATIONAL BESTSELLER • Bold futurist Ray Kurzweil, author of The Singularity Is Near, offers a framework for envisioning the future of machine intelligence—“a book for anyone who wonders where human technology is going next” (The New York Times Book Review). “Kurzweil offers a thought-provoking analysis of human and artificial intelligence and a unique look at a future in which the capabilities of the computer and the species that invented it grow ever closer.”—BILL GATES Imagine a world where the difference between man and machine blurs, where the line between humanity and technology fades, and where the soul and the silicon chip unite. This is not science fiction. This is the twenty-first century according to Ray Kurzweil, the “restless genius” (The Wall Street Journal), “ultimate thinking machine” (Forbes), and inventor of the most innovative and compelling technology of our era. In his inspired hands, life in the new millennium no longer seems daunting. Instead, it promises to be an age in which the marriage of human sensitivity and artificial intelligence fundamentally alters and improves the way we live. More than just a list of predictions, Kurzweil’s prophetic blueprint for the future guides us through the inexorable advances that will result in:• Computers exceeding the memory capacity and computational ability of the human brain (with human-level capabilities not far behind)• Relationships with automated personalities who will be our teachers, companions, and lovers• Information fed straight into our brains along direct neural pathways Eventually, the distinction between humans and computers will have become sufficiently blurred that when the machines claim to be conscious, we will believe them.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is about machines: those that have been actualized, fantastical imaginal machines, to those deployed as metaphorical devices to describe complex social processes. Machines argues that they transcend time and space to emerge through a variety of spaces and places, times and histories and representations. They are such an integral fabric of daily reality that their disappearance would have immediate and dire consequences for the survival of humanity. They are part and parcel to our contemporary social order. From labor to social theory, art or consciousness, literature or television, to the asylums of the 19th century, machines are a central figure; an outgrowth of affective desire that seeks to transcend organic limitations of bodies that whither, age and die.Machines takes the reader on an intellectual, artistic, and theoretical journey, weaving an interdisciplinary tale of their emergence across social, cultural and artistic boundaries. With the deep engagement of various texts, Machines offers the reader moments of escape, alternative ways to envision technology for a future yet to materialize. Machines rejects the notion that technological innovations are indeed neutral, propelling us to think differently about those “things” created under specific economic or historical paradigms. Rethinking machines provides a rupture to our current technocratic impetus, shining a critical light on possible alternatives to our current reality. Let us sit back and take a journey through Machines, holding mechanical parts as guides to possible alternative futures.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsHow to Use This Book xv Acknowledgments xvii About the Companion Website xix 1 Meet Your Mind 1 Aspects of Mind 1 Thought and experience 1 Conscious and unconscious 2 Qualia 3 Sensory perception 3 Emotion 4 Imagery 4 Will and action 5 Self 5 Propositional attitudes 5 Philosophical Problems 6 Mind–body problem 6 Other problems 9 Conclusion 14 Annotated Bibliography 14 2 Substance Dualism 15 Arguments for Substance Dualism 15 Leibniz’s law arguments 16 Criticism of Leibniz’s law arguments: Intensional fallacy 19 Explanatory gap arguments 20 Criticisms of explanatory gap arguments 21 Modal arguments 22 Mind–Body Interaction as a Problem for Substance Dualism 24 Princess Elisabeth’s objection 25 The dualistic alternatives to Cartesian interactionism 26 Conclusion 27 Annotated Bibliography 28 3 Property Dualism 29 Introducing Property Dualism: Qualia and the Brain 29 The Inverted Spectrum 30 Attack of the Zombies 32 The Knowledge Argument 34 The Explanatory Gap Argument 37 Does Property Dualism Lead to Epiphenomenalism? 39 How Do You Know You’re Not a Zombie? 40 Conclusion 42 Annotated Bibliography 42 4 Idealism, Solipsism, and Panpsychism 44 Solipsism: Is It Just Me? 45 Idealism: It’s All in the Mind 49 Berkeley’s argument from pain 50 Berkeley’s argument from perceptual relativity: Berkeley’s bucket 51 Berkeley’s “Nothing but an idea can resemble an idea” 51 Berkeley’s master argument 52 Why Berkeley is not a solipsist 52 Arguing against idealism 53 Panpsychism: Mind Is Everywhere 53 The analogy argument 54 The nothing from nothing argument 55 The evolutionary argument 56 Arguing against panpsychism: The combination problem 57 Conclusion 58 Annotated Bibliography 58 5 Behaviorism and Other Minds 59 Behaviorism: Introduction and Overview 59 The History of Behaviorism 61 Ludwig Wittgenstein and the private language argument 62 Gilbert Ryle versus the ghost in the machine 64 Objections to Behaviorism 65 The qualia objection 65 Sellars’s objection 66 The Geach–Chisholm objection 67 The Philosophical Problem of Other Minds 68 The rise and fall of the argument from analogy 69 Denying the asymmetry between self- knowledge and knowledge of other minds 70 Conclusion 71 Annotated Bibliography 72 6 Mind as Brain 74 Introducing Mind–Brain Identity Theory 74 Advantages of Mind–Brain Identity Theory 75 A Very Brief Overview of Neuroscience 76 Major parts and functions of the nervous system 77 Major parts and functions of the brain 77 Neurons, neural activations, and brain states 78 Lesions, imaging, and electrophysiology 78 Localism and holism 78 Learning and synaptic plasticity 79 Computational neuroscience and connectionism 79 Neural correlates of consciousness 80 On pain and c- fibers 80 Some General Remarks about Identity 81 Arguments against Mind–Brain Identity Theory 83 The zombie argument 83 The multiple realizability argument 84 Max Black’s “distinct property” argument 86 Conclusion 87 Annotated Bibliography 88 7 Thinking Machines 89 Can a Machine Think? 89 Alan Turing, Turing Machines, and the Turing Test 90 Alan Turing 91 Turing machines 91 The Turing test 92 Searle’s Chinese Room Argument 93 Responses to the Chinese Room Argument 94 The Silicon Chip Replacement Thought Experiment 95 Symbolicism versus Connectionism 98 Conclusion 101 Annotated Bibliography 102 8 Functionalism 104 The Gist of Functionalism 104 A Brief History of Functionalism 106 Arguments for Functionalism 107 The causal argument 107 The multiple realization argument 109 The Varieties of Functionalism 111 Turing machine functionalism 112 Analytical functionalism versus empirical functionalism 113 Arguments against Functionalism 114 Adapting the zombie argument to be against functionalism 114 Adapting the Chinese room argument to be against functionalism 115 Conclusion 116 Annotated Bibliography 116 9 Mental Causation 118 The Problem of Mental Causation 118 The causal closure of the physical 119 The problem for substance dualists 121 The problem for property dualists 121 Basic Views of Interaction 122 Interactionism 122 Parallelism 123 Epiphenomenalism 124 Reductionism 125 Qualia and Epiphenomenalism 125 Whether qualia- based epiphenomenalism conflicts with phenomenal self- knowledge 126 Dennett’s zimboes 126 Anomalous Monism 127 The Explanatory Exclusion Argument 131 Conclusion 132 Annotated Bibliography 132 10 Eliminative Materialism 134 Introduction and Overview 134 Basic Ingredients of Contemporary Eliminative Materialism 135 Folk psychology as a theory 136 The contrast between reduction and elimination 137 Putting the ingredients together 138 Arguments for Propositional Attitude Eliminative Materialism 138 Folk psychology is a stagnant research program 139 Folk psychology is committed to propositional attitudes having a sentential structure that is unsupported by neuroscientific research 139 Folk psychology makes commitments to features of mental states that lead to an unacceptable epiphenomenalism 140 Arguments against Propositional Attitude Eliminative Materialism 140 Eliminative materialism is self- refuting 140 The “theory” theory is false 141 Folk psychology is indispensable 142 Introspection reveals the existence of propositional attitudes 142 Qualia Eliminative Materialism: “Quining” Qualia 143 Conclusion 147 Annotated Bibliography 147 11 Perception, Mental Imagery, and Emotion 149 Perception 149 Direct realism and the argument from illusion 149 Philosophical theories of perception 152 Mental Imagery 155 How similar are mental images to other mental states? 156 Is mental imagery the basis for mental states such as thoughts? 157 To what degree, if any, is mental imagery genuinely imagistic or picture-like? 157 Emotion 159 What distinguishes emotions from other mental states? 160 What distinguishes different emotions from each other? 160 The difficulties in giving a unified account of the emotions 161 Conclusion 162 Annotated Bibliography 162 12 The Will: Willpower and Freedom 164 The Problem of Free Will and Determinism 164 Sources of Determinism 166 General remarks 166 Physical determinism 167 Theological determinism 168 Logical determinism 168 Ethical determinism 169 Psychological determinism 169 Compatibilism 169 Incompatibilism 171 The origination or causal chain argument 172 The consequence argument 172 What Might Free Will Be, If There Were Any Such Thing? 173 Freedom aside for the moment, what is the will? 173 What might the freedom of the will consist in? 176 Conclusion 177 Annotated Bibliography 178 13 Intentionality and Mental Representation 179 Introducing Intentionality 179 The Inconsistent Triad of Intentionality 180 Defending each individual proposition 181 Spelling out the inconsistency 182 Internalism versus Externalism 182 For externalism: The Twin Earth thought experiment 184 Against externalism: Swampman and the brain in the vat 185 Theories of Content Determination 186 Resemblance theory 186 Interpretational semantics 187 Conceptual role semantics 188 Causal or informational theory 190 Teleological evolutionary theory 191 Conclusion 192 Annotated Bibliography 192 14 Consciousness and Qualia 194 Optimism about Explaining Consciousness 194 Focusing on Several Different Uses of the Word “Conscious” 195 Creature consciousness 195 Transitive consciousness 195 State consciousness 196 Phenomenal consciousness 196 Rosenthal’s Higher Order Thought Theory of Consciousness 197 An objection to the HOT theory: Introspectively implausible 200 Another objection to the HOT theory: Too intellectual 200 First Order Representation Theories of Consciousness 202 The transparency argument for first order representationalism 204 The “Spot” argument for first order representationalism 205 Conclusion 205 Annotated Bibliography 206 15 Is This the End?: Personal Identity, the Self, and Life after Death 207 Problems of Personal Identity 207 The Problem of Persistence 209 Approaches to the Problem of Persistence 209 The psychological approach 210 The fission problem for the psychological approach 211 The somatic or bodily approach 212 Temporal parts theory aka perdurantism aka four- dimensionalism 214 The no- self view 215 Life after Death 217 Substance dualism and the afterlife 218 Mind–brain identity theory and the afterlife 218 Functionalism and the afterlife 219 Temporal parts and the afterlife 219 No- self and the afterlife 220 Conclusion 220 Annotated Bibliography 220 16 The 4E Approach 222 Two Dimensions of Difference 223 The spatial dimension: From in here to out there 223 The causation- constitution dimension: Important to the mind vs. part of the mind 224 The First E: Mind as Embodied 225 Embodiment and thinking 225 Embodiment and memory 226 Embodiment and conscious experience 227 Embodiment and the plasticity of sensory systems 228 Spatial concepts and bodily orientation 229 The coupling- constitution fallacy 230 The Second E: Enactive 230 You’ve got to move 231 Sensorimotor contingencies 232 Enactivism and anti- representationalism 233 In a World: The Third and Fourth Es 235 Annotated Bibliography 235 17 Futuristic Directions 237 Super AI and the Technological Singularity 238 Chalmers’ singularity argument 240 The gist of Chalmers argument is 240 The quest for friendly AI 241 Enhanced Humans and Posthumans 243 Cyborgization and bioengineering 244 Technology and the extended mind 245 Posthumans versus natural- born cyborgs 246 Mind Uploading 247 Arguing for uploading 248 Annotated Bibliography 250 Index 252

Read more less

Book SynopsisA brilliant and comprehensive history of the creation of the modern Western mind.Trade Review"...highly engaging story…" -- The Economist"Insightful, thought-provoking and encyclopaedic, Makari’s book shows how we came to understand where the mind is located and something of its nature." -- Nature"...engaging, powerful…" -- Times Higher Education"...an absorbing story, vast in scope and rich in quirky detail…" -- The Literary Review"Soul Machine offers a fascinating insight into the formation of the modern notion of the mind." -- European History Quarterly

Read more less

Book SynopsisCould a computer have a mind? What kind of machine would this be? Exactly what do we mean by ''mind'' anyway?The notion of the ''intelligent'' machine, whilst continuing to feature in numerous entertaining and frightening fictions, has also been the focus of a serious and dedicated research tradition. Reflecting on these fictions, and on the research tradition that pursues ''Artificial Intelligence'', raises a number of vexing philosophical issues. Minds and Computers introduces readers to these issues by offering an engaging, coherent, and highly approachable interdisciplinary introduction to the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence.Readers are presented with introductory material from each of the disciplines which constitute Cognitive Science: Philosophy, Neuroscience, Psychology, Computer Science, and Linguistics. Throughout, readers are encouraged to consider the implications of this disparate and wide-ranging material for the possibility of developing machines with minds. And they can expect to deTrade ReviewThis book is an excellent introduction to some of the most important problems within the philosophy of artificial intelligence... Carter's book is in fact highly interdisciplinary, but he has clearly succeeded in integrating some very crucial topics regarding artificial intelligence in a clever and thought-provoking manner... The book will be an excellent choice as a textbook to be used for a university course introducing important and interesting problems within the philosophy of artificial intelligence. History and Philosophy of Logic Like good science fiction, Matt Carter's Minds and Computers essentially constitutes an exploration into what makes human beings what they are... [It] is a teaching tool par excellence and should find its way into every classroom where the philosophy of mind is being studied. Heythrop Journal

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn examination of how concepts of “the savage” facilitated technological approaches to modernist design Attempting to derive aesthetic systems from natural structures of human cognition, designers looked toward the “savage mind”—a way of thinking they associated with a racialized subaltern. In Savage Mind to Savage Machine, Ginger Nolan uncovers an enduring relationship between “the savage” and the development of technology and its wide-ranging impact on society, including in the fields of architecture and urbanism, the industrial arts, and digital design.Nolan focuses on the relationship between the applied arts and the structuralist social sciences, proposing that the late-nineteenth-century rise of Freudian psychology, ethnology, and structuralist linguistics offered innovations and new opportunities in studying human cognition. She looks at institutions ranging from the Public Industrial Arts School of Philadelphia and the Weimar Bauhaus to the MIT Media Lab and the Centre Mondial Informatique, revealing a persistent theme of twentieth-century design: to supplant language with more subliminal, aesthetic modes of communication, thereby inculcating a deep intimacy between human habit and new technologies of production, communication, and consumption.This book’s ultimate critique is of the development of the ergonomics of the spirit—the design of the human cognitive apparatus in relation to new aesthetic technologies. Nolan sees these ergonomics as a means of depoliticizing societies through aesthetic technologies intended to seamlessly integrate humans into the programs of capitalist modernity. Revising key modernist design narratives, Savage Mind to Savage Machine provides a deep historical foundation for understanding our contemporary world.Trade Review"Savage Mind to Savage Machine is a breathtakingly ambitious discussion of ‘savage thought’ in modern architecture and design—ambitious methodologically, in its move from reductive versions of contextualization towards an epistemology of interdisciplinary aporias, displacements, and contradictions; ambitious historiographically, in its reconstruction of modern architecture as conceptual and political project; and, perhaps most compellingly of all, ambitious in its enmeshment of methodology and historiography towards an entirely new reading of the relation of modern architecture to its supposedly ‘savage’ counterparts."—Andrew Herscher, University of Michigan"Well-illustrated and persuasively argued, the book mixes historiography and complex theoretical analysis, detecting subtle interplays between design and governance over a long durée. "—Journal of Design History

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is about machines: those that have been actualized, fantastical imaginal machines, to those deployed as metaphorical devices to describe complex social processes. Machines argues that they transcend time and space to emerge through a variety of spaces and places, times and histories and representations. They are such an integral fabric of daily reality that their disappearance would have immediate and dire consequences for the survival of humanity. They are part and parcel to our contemporary social order. From labor to social theory, art or consciousness, literature or television, to the asylums of the 19th century, machines are a central figure; an outgrowth of affective desire that seeks to transcend organic limitations of bodies that whither, age and die.Machines takes the reader on an intellectual, artistic, and theoretical journey, weaving an interdisciplinary tale of their emergence across social, cultural and artistic boundaries. With the deep engagement of various texts, Machines offers the reader moments of escape, alternative ways to envision technology for a future yet to materialize. Machines rejects the notion that technological innovations are indeed neutral, propelling us to think differently about those “things” created under specific economic or historical paradigms. Rethinking machines provides a rupture to our current technocratic impetus, shining a critical light on possible alternatives to our current reality. Let us sit back and take a journey through Machines, holding mechanical parts as guides to possible alternative futures.

Read more less

Book SynopsisOn the social consequences of machines Automation, animation, and ecosystems are terms of central media-philosophical concern in today’s society of humans and machines. This volume describes the social consequences of machines as a mediating concept for the animation of life and automation of technology. Bernard Stiegler’s automatic society illustrates how digital media networks establish a new proletariat of knowledge workers. Gertrud Koch offers the animation of the technical to account for the pathological relations that arise between people and their devices. And Thomas Pringle synthesizes how automation and animation explain the history of intellectual exchanges that led to the hybrid concept of the ecosystem, a term that blends computer and natural science. All three contributions analyse how categories of life and technology become mixed in governmental policies, economic exploitation and pathologies of everyday life thereby both curiously and critically advancing the term that underlies those new developments: ‘machine.’

Read more less