Search results for """ "Philosophical Problems in Medicine""

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy of Molecular Medicine: Foundational Issues in Theory and Practice aims at a systematic investigation of a number of foundational issues in the field of molecular medicine. The volume is organized around four broad modules focusing, respectively, on the following key aspects: What are the nature, scope, and limits of molecular medicine? How does it provide explanations? How does it represent and model phenomena of interest? How does it infer new knowledge from data and experiments? The essays collected here, authored by prominent scientists and philosophers of science, focus on a handful of mainstream topics in the philosophical literature, such as causation, explanation, modeling, and scientific inference. These previously unpublished contributions shed new light on these traditional topics by integrating them with problems, methods, and results from three prominent areas of contemporary biomedical science: basic research, tranTrade ReviewPhilosophy of Molecular Medicine offers 12 insightful chapters of philosophical and historical reflections on foundational issues in molecular medicine. This edited volume offers a rich introduction to and discussion of important philosophical issues that arise at the interface of basic science, clinical research, and clinical practice.-Sara Green, SpringerTable of ContentsIntroduction Giovanni Boniolo and Marco J. NathanPart 1: Nature, Origins, and ScopeChap. 1: Molecular medicine: the clinical method enters the lab. What tumor heterogeneity and primary tumor culture teach us Giovanni BonioloChap. 2: Personalized Medicine: Historical Roots of a Medical Model Mariacarla Gadebusch Bondio and Francesco SpöringChap. 3: From the concept of genetic disease to the geneticization of diseases: analyzing and solving the paradox of contemporary medical genetics Marie Darrason Part 2: Explanation Chap. 4: Molecular complexity: Why has psychiatry not been revolutionized by genomics (yet)? Maël LemoineChap. 5: How cancer spreads: reconceptualizing a disease Katherine E. Liu, Alan C. Love, and Michael TravisanoChap. 6: Evolutionary Perspectives on Molecular Medicine: Cancer from an Evolutionary Perspective Anya PlutynskiPart 3: Representation and Modeling Chap. 7: Towards a Notion of Intervention in Big-Data Biology and Molecular Medicine Federico Boem and Emanuele RattiChap. 8: Pathways to the clinic: cancer stem cells and challenges for translational research Melinda Bonnie FaganChap. 9: Counterfactual Reasoning in Molecular Medicine Marco J. NathanPart 4: Inference Chap. 10: Forms of Extrapolation in Molecular Medicine Pierre-Luc Germain and Tudor BaetuChap. 11: Testing Oncological Treatments in the Era of Personalized Medicine David TeiraChap. 12: Opportunities and challenges of molecular epidemiology Federica Russo and Paolo Vineis

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Book SynopsisJames A. Marcum is Professor of Philosophy and Director of Medical Humanities Program at Baylor University, USA. He earned doctorates in philosophy from Boston College and in physiology from the University of Cincinnati Medical College. He was on faculty at Harvard Medical School before going to Baylor.Trade ReviewFew studies of the philosophy of medicine are as comprehensive and accessible as this volume … This is a required resource for anyone interested in the philosophy of medicine, be they knowledgeable about the field or coming to it for the first time. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through faculty and professionals; general readers. * CHOICE *Readers and users of this companion – most likely to be medical students interested in ethics and philosophy, philosophy students interested in medicine and healthcare, tutors and lecturers in the field, members of ethics committees and anyone interested in the values and aims underpinning primary and secondary healthcare – will find a wealth of bibliographical material, much of it usefully current and available. * Reference Reviews *This collection of themes, at the cutting edge, on pluralisms in medical theory and practice is a welcomed and useful addition to the growing literature on contemporary philosophy of medicine. -- Keekok Lee, Honorary Research Fellow of Philosophy, University of Manchester, UKThis is a timely collection written by some of the best philosophers of medicine working in the field today. It provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary work in each of the areas within philosophy of medicine and will be a valuable resource for students and researchers in this lively and growing field. -- Havi Carel, Professor of Philosophy, University of Bristol, UKOverall, the volume is a high-quality publication, which meets its aim of providing a comprehensive companion to the area for postgraduate students and scholars … it provides a wealth of highly accessible information on the main topics of traditional and recent concern for philosophers of medicine, sourced from authors who are authorities in their area. * Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics *Table of ContentsList of Contributors Part I: Introduction: Philosophy of Medicine, Research Problems and Methods 1. Introduction: Contemporary Philosophy of Medicine, James A. Marcum (Baylor University, USA) 2. Research Problems and Methods in the Philosophy of Medicine, Michael Loughlin (Manchester Metropolitan University, UK), Robyn Bluhm (Michigan State University, USA), and Mona Gupta (University of Montreal, Canada) Part II: Current Research and Future Directions 3. Disease in the Era of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, Marianne Boenink (University of Twente, Netherlands) 4. Philosophy of Epidemiology, Alexander Broadbent (University of Johannesburg, South Africa) 5. Justification of Evidence-Based Medicine Epistemology, Jeremy Howick (University of Oxford, UK) 6. Evolutionary Medicine: Philosophical Aspects, Michael Ruse (Florida State University, USA) 7. Medical Humanism Part 1: Philosophical and Historical Underpinnings, Alfred I. Tauber (Boston University, USA) Part 2: Inspirations of the Twentieth Century, Lydie Fiolova (University of Edinburgh, UK) 8. Phenomenology and Medicine, Fredrik Svenaeus (Södertörn University, Sweden) 9. Gender Medicine and Phenomenological Embodiment, Tania Gergel (King's College London, UK) 10. Patient and Person Centered Medicine: Does the Center Hold?, James A. Marcum (Baylor University, USA) 11. Health and Disease, Rachel Cooper (Lancaster University, UK) 12. Causation in Medicine, Brendan Clarke (University College London, UK) and Federica Russo (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands) 13. Clinical Reasoning and Knowing, Hillel Braude (The Mifne Center, Rosh Pinna, Israel) 14. New Directions in Philosophy of Medicine, Jacob Stegenga (University of Victoria, Canada), Ashley Graham Kennedy (Florida Atlantic University, USA), Serife Tekin (Daemen College, USA), Saana Jukola (Bielefeld University, Germany), and Robyn Bluhm (Michigan State University, USA) Part III: Research Resources Glossary of Key Terms Research Guide Annotated Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces the reader to basic problems in the philosophy of science and ethics, mainly by means of examples from medicine. It is based on the conviction that philosophy, medical science, medical informatics, and medical ethics are overlapping disciplines. It claims that the philosophical lessons to learn from the twentieth century are not that nature is a ‘social construction’ and that ‘anything goes’ with respect to methodological and moral rules. Instead, it claims that there is scientific knowledge, but that it is never completely secure; that there are norms, but that they are situation-bound; and that, therefore, it makes good sense to search for scientific truths and try to act in a morally decent way. Using philosophical catchwords, the authors advocate ‘fallibilism’ and ‘particularism’; a combination that might be called ‘pragmatic realism’.

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Book SynopsisPsychiatry has long struggled with the nature of its diagnoses. The problems raised by questions about the nature of psychiatric illness are particularly fascinating because they sit at the intersection of philosophy, empirical psychiatric/psychological research, measurement theory, historical tradition and policy. In being the only medical specialty that diagnoses and treats mental illness, psychiatry has been subject to major changes in the last 150 years. This book explores the forces that have shaped these changes and especially how substantial internal advances in our knowledge of the nature and causes of psychiatric illness have interacted with a plethora of external forces that have impacted on the psychiatric profession. It includes contributions from philosophers of science with an interest in psychiatry, psychiatrists and psychologists with expertise in the history of their field and historians of psychiatry. Each chapter is accompanied by an introduction and a commentary. ThTrade ReviewOne of its great strengths is its structure, in which each topic is addressed, immediately followed by a counterpoint article....This is a high-quality overview of several of the historical and philosophical issues that must arise when attempting to understand the nature of a discipline like psychiatry. * Doody's Notes *Table of ContentsPART I: NATURE OF HISTORICAL CHANGE IN SCIENCE; SECTION 1: OBJECTIVITY AND SCIENTIFIC CHANGE; SECTION 2: CHANGE IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SECTION 3: SCIENTIFIC DISAGREEMENT IN THE MEDICAL CONTEXT; SECTION 4: THE SOCIAL, THE CULTURAL, AND PSYCHIATRIC KINDS; PART II: HISTORY OF BROAD MOVEMENTS/STRUCTURES WITHIN PSYCHIATRY; SECTION 5: THE PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY OF THE DIENCEPHALON; SECTION 6: THE HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY AS INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY; SECTION 7: PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS IN THE UNITED STATES; SECTION 8: THE OPERATIONAL REVOLUTION; SECTION 9: THE EVOLUTION OF GENETIC EXPLANATION IN PSYCHIATRY; SECTION 10: PSYCHIATRY AND EVOLUTION; PART III: SPECIFIC DISORDERS FROM AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; SECTION 11: SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS; SECTION 12: CONCEPTUAL STATUS OF DEPRESSION TODAY; SECTION 13: THE SHAPING OF AUTISM; SECTION 14: THE DECISION TO INCLUDE OR EXCLUDE A DIAGNOSIS IN PSYCHIATRIC NOSOLOGY: THE CASE OF PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER

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Book SynopsisEvidence-based medicine (EBM) has become a required element of clinical practice, but it is critical for the healthcare community to understand the ongoing controversy surrounding EBM. Seeking to address questions raised by critics, The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine challenges the over dependency of EBM on randomized controlled trials. This book also explores EBM methodology and its relationship with other approaches used in medicine.Trade Review“Well-written, concise, engaging. The Evidence-based medicine (from now on 'EBM') movement continues to go from strength to strength, with their hierarchy of medical evidence widely agreed upon and very influential in the theoretical and practical.” (The Guardian, 24 January 2014) Review appeared in The Guardian - 24 January 2014 “In conclusion, The Philosophy of Evidence-Based Medicine is a must-have as a source of knowledge of and reference to the EBM movement. Howick presents the argument for EBM persuasively whilst giving sufficient coverage to alternative positions. I thoroughly recommend this text as both a 'way in' to the subject and a source of deeper understanding in the latest stage of medicine's fascinating journey, full of twists and turns in the search for the truth.” (Economics & Philosophy, 1 January 2014) “The book is well structured and makes an accessible and pleasant read. It deserves to be digested not only by philosophers with a methodological bent but by practitioners of EBM. After two decades of criticisms of various aspects of the increasingly popular EBM way of reasoning, it is about time EBM defenders tried to strike back, clarifying and justifying their positions. Howick’s book is a valuable effort that will hopefully enrich the continuing debate.” (Theoria, 1 April 2013) "Jeremy Howick has written the most comprehensive and fair philosophical treatment of EBM to date. Howick understands that EBM is not, first and foremost, a philosophical position, and that its various components (e.g., evidence hierarchies) are not primarily philosophical theses. Rather, they are attempts to improve the efficacy of medicine.... The book approaches its topic with the tools of mainstream analytical philosophy of science." (Philosophy of Science, 2013) "The Philosophy of Evidence Based Medicine helps answer the question of how to think about medicine so that judgement can be made. The book addresses key questions about medical decision-making, such as: what role should mechanistic reasoning have in determining appropriate medical care? And, what weight, if any, should be given to expert opinions? This isn’t a book about how doctors think. It is about how doctors ought to think.... The Philosophy of Evidence Based Medicine is an extremely important and practical book about evidence-based medicine, and I consider it to be one of the most important contemporary books on the subject. I recommend it very highly." (The Medical Media Review, 2012) "In The Philosophy of Evidence-Based Medicine, Jeremy Howick, PhD offers by far the most fully formed defence to date of the epistemology of EBM.... Well-written and as approachable as any work in the philosophy of science might hope to be.... Howick is to be commended for his careful analysis of epistemic ramifications of many of the methodologies of clinical epidemiology." (Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2011) "Howick's book provides a good overview of EBM's defense of the hierarchy of evidence and an excellent reference list for readers who want to know more about EBM and its critics." (Theory of Medical Bioethics, 2011) "Since the 1990s, the practice of medicine has become dominated by a new methodological reasoning process - that of evidence-based medicine. This book unpacks the assumptions inherent in this methodology, shedding light on its contributions and limitations to patient care. It addresses misconceptions about and criticisms of EBM in a cogent manner and provides valuable insight into how the current world of medicine is being shaped. (Doody's, 2011) Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Foreword. Preface. Part I: Introduction. 1 The philosophy of evidence-based medicine. 1.1 What on earth was medicine based on before evidence-based medicine? 1.2 Scope of the book. 1.3 How the claims of EBM will be examined. 1.4 Structure of what is to come. 2 What is EBM? 2.1 EBM as a self-proclaimed Kuhnian paradigm. 2.2 The motivation for the birth of EBM: a sketch. 2.3 Original definition of EBM. 2.4 Reaction to criticism of the EBM system of evidence: more subtle, more or less the same. 3 What is good evidence for a clinical decision? 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Evidence for clinical effectiveness. 3.3 Strong evidence tells us what? Part II: Do randomization, double masking, and placebo controls rule out more confounding factors than their alternatives? 4 Ruling out plausible rival hypotheses and confounding factors: a method. 5 Resolving the paradox of effectiveness: when do observational studies offer the same degree of evidential support as randomized trials? 5.1 The paradox of effectiveness. 5.2 Observational studies: defi nition and problems. 5.3 Randomized trials to the rescue. 5.4 Defending the EBM view that randomized trials provide better evidence than observational studies. 5.5 Overcoming the paradox of effectiveness. 5.6 Conclusion: a more subtle way to distinguish between high- and low-quality comparative clinical studies. Appendix 1: types of restricted randomization. Appendix 2: Worrall’s arguments that randomization is required for classical hypothesis testing and establishing probabilistic causes. 6 Questioning double blinding as a universal methodological virtue of clinical trials: resolving the Philip's paradox. 6.1 The problems with double masking as a requirement for clinical trial validity. 6.2 The many faces of double masking: clarifying the terminology. 6.3 Confounders that arise from participant and caregiver knowledge. 6.4 The importance of successful double masking. 6.5 One (and a half) solutions to the Philip's paradox. 6.6 The full solution to the Philip's paradox: challenging the view that double masking rules out confounding factors when treatments are evidently dramatic. 6.7 Double masking is valuable unless the treatment effects are evidently dramatic, hence the Philip’s paradox does not arise. 7 Placebo controls: problematic and misleading baseline measures of effectiveness. 7.1 The need to control the placebo. 7.2 Legitimate placebo controls. 7.3 How placebo controls often violate the fi rst condition for legitimacy. 7.4 How placebo controls often violate the second condition for legitimacy. 7.5 Special problem for constructing placebos for complex treatments: case studies of exercise and acupuncture. 7.6 Summary and solution to the problem with illegitimate placebo controls. 8 Questioning the methodological superiority of "placebo" over "active" controlled trials. 8.1 Epistemological foundations of the ethical debate over the use of placebo-controlled trials. 8.2 Problems with the assay sensitivity arguments against ACTs. 8.3 Problems with the fi rst assay sensitivity argument against ACTs. 8.4 The second assay sensitivity argument. 8.5 Challenging the view that PCTs provide a measure of absolute effect size. 8.6 Questioning the claim that PCTs require smaller sample sizes. 8.7 Conclusion: a reassessment of the relative methodological quality of PCTs. Appendix: more detailed explanation of why the second assay sensitivity argument fails. Part III: Examining the paradox that traditional roles for mechanistic reasoning and expert judgment have been up-ended by EBM. 9 Transition to Part III. 9.1 Summary of Part II. 9.2 Introduction to Part III. 10 A qualifi ed defence of the EBM stance on mechanistic reasoning. 10.1 A tension between proponents of mechanistic reasoning and EBM views. 10.2 Clarifying the terminology: comparative clinical studies, mechanisms, and mechanistic reasoning. 10.3 Why the strong view that mechanistic reasoning is necessary to establish causal claims is mistaken. 10.4 Two epistemological problems with mechanistic reasoning. 10.5 Why EBM proponents should allow a more prominent role for high-quality (valid and based on "complete" mechanisms) mechanistic reasoning in their evidence hierarchies. 10.6 Mechanisms and other roles in clinical medicine. 10.7 Recommending a (slightly) more important role for mechanistic reasoning in the EBM system. Appendix: cases where mechanistic reasoning led to the adoption of therapies that were either useless or harmful according to well-conducted clinical research. 11 Knowledge that versus knowledge how: situating the EBM position on expert clinical judgment. 11.1 Controversies surrounding the EBM stance on expert clinical judgement. 11.2 General clinical judgment belongs at the bottom of (or off) the hierarchy of evidence. 11.3 Individual clinical judgment also belongs at the bottom of the hierarchy. 11.4 The equally important non-evidential roles of expertise. 11.5 Conclusion. Part IV: Conclusions. 12 Moving EBM forward. 12.1 Summary of fi ndings: the EBM philosophy is acceptable, but. . .. 12.2 Two new frontiers for EBM. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe idea of a philosophy of palliative care emerged with Cicely Saunders'' vision for ''a good death'', and was developed further with the WHO definition of palliative care. It is now being applied not only to cancer patients, but to all patients in end of life situations. As this ''palliative care approach'' advances, it is important to pause and comment on its effectiveness. It is a philosophy of patient care, and is therefore open to critique and evaluation.Using the Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, 3rd edition as their basic reference, Randall and Downie present their argument that the palliative care approach has become too busy and over-professionalised, and that it therefore has significant weaknesses. They examine the framework of the specialty - quality of life, autonomy, dignity, patient-centredness, and the priority assigned to relatives in the remit of care - and the moral problems associated with implementing such a philosophy. The resource implications of various hTrade ReviewI think it is timely that we re-examine what it is that we do, which is what this interesting and thought-provoking book does. * Roger Woodruff, Director of Palliative Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia *...the work is honest and realistic. The authors define, acknowledge and justify the limits of what is possible and desirable in the relationship between doctors, other care workers, patients and families in palliative care. I believe it is a product of their intellectual rigour combined with deep and long immersion in the practical realities of the field...[and is] the most important achievement of their work; it is enlightening, shows proper humility and lays waste to the lofty arrogance of the various definitions,'philosophies' and 'position statements' that are generated by some large and powerful institutions. This book has my wholehearted recommendation. * S.C. Allen, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital *Within a slim and readable 226 pages, they expose a significant number of basic inconsistencies and contradictions that they find in the currently accepted 'norms' or the speciality. But rather than leave it at that somewhat negative position, they also defend the achievements of the speciality and proceed to record the positive parts of the current situation. Finally, they present their case for a new philosophical statement to underpin the speciality as it adapts to work in the medical system of the 21st century...an excellent and easily accessible text which I suspect will be referred to a great deal in debates and discussions about the future of Palliative Care. * Oncology News, Vol. 1, Issue 2 *It was/is often stated in book reviews that "this book should on every 's bookshelf". Well, I believe that this book should be in every hospice library bookshelf. It is asking important questions to every palliative care physician and clinician of whatever profession. As a result of reading this book they will be better informed and regard palliative care in a better way. Although the book is a critique it does highlight (at least to me) why palliative care is an essential component of any healthcare set up. * BMA Medical Book Competition 2007 *Table of Contents1. Roots, traditions and philosophy ; 2. Quality of life ; 3. Autonomy, dignity, respect and the patient centred approach ; 4. Relatives ; 5. Control of symptoms and prolongation of life ; 6. Resuscitation and advance statements ; 7. Assessment and treatment of psychosocial and spiritual problems ; 8. Resource allocation ; 9. Critique and reconstruction: some suggestions for a better way

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book clarifies the distinction between philosophy of medicine and medical philosophy, expanding the focus from the 'knowing that' of the first to the 'knowing how' of the latter. The idea of patient and provider self-discovery becomes the method and strategy at the basis of therapeutic treatment. It develops the concept of 'Central Medicine', aimed at overcoming the dichotomies of Western-Eastern medicine and Traditional-Integrative approaches. Evidence-based and patient-centered medicine are analyzed in the context of the debate on placebo and non-specific effects alongside clinical research on the patient-doctor relationship, and the interactive nature of human relationships in general, including factors such as environment, personal beliefs, and perspectives on life's meaning and purpose. Tomasi's research incorporates neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and medicine in a clear, readable, and detailed way, satisfying the needs of professionals, students, and anyone who enjoys the exploration of the complexity of human mind, brain, and heart.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Introduction, by William Tobey Horn Introduction 1. A brief history of Medical Philosophy 2. Philosophy as basic approach to Medicine 3. Between Neuroscience and Phenomenology 4. The patient at the center of therapy 5. Complementary, Alternative, Traditional Medicine 6. Beyond the realms of this world 7. Translational science Conclusion Afterword

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Book SynopsisEdmund D Pellegrino has played a central role in shaping the fields of bioethics and the philosophy of medicine. This volume offers a presentation of Pellegrino's thought and its development. Suitable for medical ethicists, students, scholars, and physicians, it offers insights into the emergence of a field and the work of one of its pioneers.Trade Review“This volume is composed of a selection from Dr. Pellegrino's corpus of writings on medical ethics. To date, these essays have been unavailable in one work. . . . This reader provides essays on philosophical foundations of medicine, the medical profession, physician-patient relationship, physician as moral agent, humanism and the Hippocratic tradition.” —Issues in Law & Medicine“Pellegrino believes bioethics should not be restricted to specific topics such as abortion, cloning, or physician-assisted suicide. In this collection of nineteen essays from across his career, Pellegrino describes the philosophical foundations of medicine and of the medical profession, the healing relationship, virtue and medical practice with the physician as moral agent, the humanities in medicine, and the Hippocratic tradition.” —Book News“This remarkable book summarizes Edmund Pellegrino's writings by extracting several meaningful essays from his voluminous bibliography. These point to the dearth of humanities requirements for medical training and highlight the poverty of ethical considerations in medical decision-making. . . . Agree or disagree, this book needs to be read by all physicians, especially those whose education was devoid of philosophy. The editors have done an excellent job of offering a sage's viewpoint in an accessible form.” —Journal of American Medical Association“Editors H. Tristam Engelhardt, Jr., and Fabrice Jotterand have carefully selected, organized, and interpreted the writings of Pellegrino, making them more accessible to students, scholars, physicians, and anyone generally interested in medical ethics. In almost a lecture style, the editors present an overview of each article, emphasizing the important developments in each, which will make this volume particularly useful as a teaching tool for a journal club or seminar course, or for anyone outside the field of bioethics looking for guidance on what to read.” —Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book concentrates on the important distinction between philosophy of medicine and medical philosophy, by expanding the focus from knowing that of the first term to the knowing how of the latter. Thus, the idea of patient and provider self-discovery becomes integral part, method, and strategy at the basis of therapeutic treatment. Among the most important contributions of this volume, the definition of Central Medicine, overcoming the dichotomy Western-Eastern medicine and Traditional-Integrative approaches, is presented under the lenses of hermeneutics, with particular regards to neurosciences, psychiatry, and psychology. Evidence-Based and Patient-Centred Medicine are analysed within the debate on placebo and non-specific effects. Furthermore, the clinical research presented in the appendix investigates the patient-doctor relationship, and the interactive nature of human relationships in general, including environment, personal beliefs, and perspectives on lifes meaning and purpose. Tomasis research covers neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and medicine. In this book, a wide array of questions and answers pertaining to these areas is presented in a clear, readable, and detailed way, satisfying the needs of professionals, students, and anyone who enjoys the exploration of the complexity of human mind, brain, and heart.

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Book SynopsisD.Trade ReviewThis is a serious and important book... it is certainly one that researchers, scholars and anyone involved in trying to explain the nature of psychiatric disorders to a skeptical audience ought to read. British Journal of Psychiatry This book asks the right questions, and sends us in the right direction. -- S. Nassir Ghaemi, M.D., M.A., M.P.H. Metapsychology A good collection of papers... Will be of most interest to specialists in the area of philosophy of psychiatry (and to philosophers of mind and psychology) -- Rachel Cooper Metapsychology Kendler and Parnas undertake this exploration in a readable, cogent manner in Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry... The authors go to great lengths to ensure that the book is accessible for those with a limited background in philosophy. -- Geoffrey Neimark, M.D. American Journal of PsychiatryTable of ContentsList of ContributorsPrefaceIntroduction. Why Does Psychiatry Need Philosophy?Part I: Explanation Chapter 1.Explaining Complex BehaviorChapter 2. Etiological Models in Psychiatry: Reductive and Nonreductive ApproachesChapter 3. Levels of Explanation in PsychiatryChapter 4. Cause and Explanation in Psychiatry: An Interventionist PerspectiveChapter 5. Causation in PsychiatryPart II: PhenomenologyChapter 6. Varieties of "Phenomenology": On Description, Understanding, and Explanation in PsychiatryChapter 7. Self-agency and Mental CausalityPart III: NosologyChapter 8. Real Kinds but No True Taxonomy: An Essay in Psychiatric SystematicsChapter 9. The Incredible Insecurity of Psychiatric NosologyEpilogueIndex

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Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive resource of original essays by leading thinkers exploring the newly emerging inter-disciplinary field of the philosophy of psychiatry. The contributors aim to define this exciting field and to highlight the philosophical assumptions and issues that underlie psychiatric theory and practice, the category of mental disorder, and rationales for its social, clinical and legal treatment.As a branch of medicine and a healing practice, psychiatry relies on presuppositions that are deeply and unavoidably philosophical. Conceptions of rationality, personhood and autonomy frame our understanding and treatment of mental disorder. Philosophical questions of evidence, reality, truth, science, and values give meaning to each of the social institutions and practices concerned with mental health care. The psyche, the mind and its relation to the body, subjectivity and consciousness, personal identity and character, thought, will, memory, and emotions are equally the stuff of traTrade Review"The publication of this book is a major event in the ongoing development of the field....a significant accomplishment...it simultaneously represents, announces, and consolidates the arrival of an exciting new field."--Metapsychology Online Book Reviews"Highly recommended."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPART I - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND NORMALCY ; PART 2 - EPISTEMOLOGY OF PRACTICE ; PART 3 - NORMS, VALUES AND ETHICS ; PART 4 - THEORETICAL MODELS ; PART 5 - CIRCUMSCRIBING MENTAL DISORDER

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- PART ONE: THE ANCIENT WESTERN WORLD.- 1. “The Beginnings”.- 2. “The Hippocratic Contribution” .- 3. “Plato’s Timaeus”.- 4. “Aristotle”.- 5. “Concluding with Galen”.- PART TWO: The Medieval, Modern, and Contemporary Worlds.- 6. The New Paradigm: Changes leading up to the Seventeenth Century and Beyond.- 7. “Evolution, Germ Theory, and their Consequences”.- 8. “Nature Split: Big Nature and Little Nature”.- 9.“Technology and Nature: A Marriage or a Divorce?”.- Appendix: “Health as Self-Fulfilment”.- Bibliography.- Index.

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Book SynopsisHealth is weird. Health is weird in a way that resists simple explanations or elegant theorizing. This book is a philosophical explanation of that weirdness, and an argument that grappling with the distinctive weirdness of health can give us insight into how we might approach difficult questions about social reality.Table of ContentsForward Introduction 1: Theories of Health 2: Health and Wellbeing 3: Health, Subjectivity, and Capability 4: Health and Disability 5: Ameliorative Skepticism and the Nature of Health 6: Ameliorative Skepticism, Shifting Standards, and the Measure of Health Afterward Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores interesting and emerging philosophical questions related to autism. It sheds light on the ways in which cultural attitudes about autism have changed in the decade since the editors published their first volume on the philosophy of autism.So much about autism has changed in the last decade. Cultural attitudes about autism are far more nuanced. Self-identification as autistic has exploded, as have discussions of the political and social implications for being an out autistic person. This volume approaches a wide range of issues that autism raises in social and political theory, ethics, philosophy of social science, epistemology, metaphysics, and law. The issues addressed include moral responsibility, autism and gender, knowledge acquisition, the double empathy problem, social cognition, vulnerability in interpersonal communication, masking, the neurodiversity movement and destigmatization, and the effectiveness of ABA therapy. Each of the contributors, many of whom self-identify as autistic, has a personal connection with autism.Contemporary Philosophy of Autism will appeal to researchers and graduate students working in philosophy of mind, philosophy of cognitive science, epistemology, philosophy of medicine, and disability studies. It will appeal to those working in other academic fields such as developmental psychology, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, and education.

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Book Synopsis1. Fifty Years of the Philosophy and Medicine Book Series.- Part I. Philosophy of Medicine.- 2. On the Concepts of Health and Disease.- 3. The Concepts of Health and Disease.- 4. Tracing Philosophy and Medicine Roots:  A Focus on Philosophy of Disease.- 5. Phenomenology of Health and Illness in the American-English Tradition.- 6. Does the philosophy of medicine exist – a reappraisal.- Part II. The Subseries of Philosophy and Medicine.- 7. Volumes on the History of Medical Ethics in the Philosophy and Medicine Series.- 8. The Catholic Studies in Bioethics Subseries.- 9. The Place of the Family in East Asian Bioethics.- Part III. Topics - Selected Topics and Reprints From the Series’ History.- 10.- Lost in Translation: How 1979 Proved Pivotal for Bioethics and Why We Need a Narrative Account of Morality in Medicine.- 11. Anatomy of a Clinical Judgment:  Some Notes on Right Reason and Right Action.- 12. The Subjective in Clinical Judgment.- 13. What is the True Death of a Human Being.- Appendix: P&M volumes.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“By examining the ‘sick’ William James, Sutton reveals an intriguing relation between pain and philosophical outlook in his work. Her analysis not only gives us new understanding of the ‘adorable genius’; it reminds us that philosophy itself often springs from lived experience, and enduring ideas can find their beginnings even in the most inhospitable human circumstances.” * Book Post *“Fabulous . . . Changed everything that I thought I knew about Williams James.” * New Books Network *“Sutton has not provided the world with yet another biography of philosopher and psychologist, William James. Instead, she has used her impressive research and analytical skills to provide important insights regarding the relationship between James’s many physical and psychological challenges and his intellectual output. Sutton argues that James’s experiences of infirmity have direct effects on his philosophical arguments, not as intellectual irritants but as substantive catalysts for leading to deep insights. This book shows just how thoroughly embodied James’s philosophy truly is, and as such, makes an important contribution to Jamesian scholarship.” -- D. Micah Hester, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences“Sutton’s study offers a brilliant new reading of James. Her original approach not only brings new dimensions to issues around illness, pain, health, and medicine—though Sutton performs this with precision—but offers a rare scholarly analysis of his letters, reviews, notebooks, and diaries to provide a fuller picture of his personal life and his intellectual engagements. It shows the vital quality of James’s holistic integration of life and thought and the lived quality of his intellectual concerns around sickness and health. With this work, Sutton shows us that the margins of the archive are as important to Jamesian scholarship as his main works. It is a rich study that roots James’s thinking in the reality of his embodied life and shows that, with a sensitivity to his language, we can see the voice of the physician in his psychology, philosophy, and analysis of religion.” -- Jeremy Carrette, University of Edinburgh“This book changes our perception of James as a philosopher and intellectual. The best extended piece of scholarship on James in a long time.” -- Sarin Marchetti, Sapienza UniversityTable of ContentsList of Figures Introduction: The Public Physician Diagnosing James A Philosophy of Everyday Life 1: Misery and Metaphysics A Dark Business The Problem of Evil Poisoned with Utilitarian Venom The Ethics of Self-Destruction Conscious Automata 2: Health and Hygiene The Laws of Health The Alcohol Question Habit Talks to Teachers Emotions and the Body 3: Religion and Regeneration The Science of Organic Life The Wonder-Mongers The Hidden Self A Wild World 4: Energy and Endurance Mortal Disease, Morality, and God The Divided Self Superhuman Life The Energies of Men 5: Politics and Pathology The Political James Defending the Degenerate Validating the Invalid The Voice of the Sick Therapeutic Campaigns Conclusion: Afterlife Fit to Live Moral Medicine Acknowledgments Notes Archival Sources Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis is the first introductory textbook of its kind devoted to philosophy of psychiatry, offering a thorough and accessible investigation of the conceptual and philosophical problems at the heart of psychiatric practice and research. While it applies some of the long-standing concerns of philosophy to the mental health professions, it also investigates philosophical problems and issues that have arisen more recently from careful examination of psychiatric phenomena. Divided into two parts, Philosophy of Psychiatric Practice and Research and Philosophy and Psychopathology, the book's 12 chapters cover topics like the ontological status of mental illness, philosophical issues in diagnosis, the role of culture in psychiatry and the relationship between mental illness and personal identity, as well as explore foundational problems in studying well-known psychopathologies like schizophrenia, depression and addiction. All chapters include initial overviews and Table of Contents1. Introduction: What is philosophy of psychiatry and why is it important? 2. What is mental illness? 3. Psychiatric diagnosis and the medical model 4. Mental illness, moral responsibility and the boundaries of the person 5. Religion, culture, pathology 6. Scientific explanation in psychiatry 7. Schizophrenia 8. Hearing Voices 9. Delusion 10. Depression 11. Addiction 12. The Future of Philosophy of Psychiatry

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Book SynopsisThis important new book is the first of a series of volumes collecting the essential articles by the eminent and highly influential philosopher Saul A. Kripke. It presents a mixture of published and unpublished articles from various stages of Kripke's storied career.Trade ReviewWhat comes out from a collection like this is the recurring brilliance of insight that Kripke brings to whatever he reflects on. This collection is indispensable to serious students of Kripke. And that should include all of us. This is a monumental collection. * Michael Luntley, Philosophical Investigations *Table of ContentsContents ; Introduction ; Acknowledgements ; Chapter 1. Identity and Necessity ; Chapter 2. On Two Paradoxes of Knowledge ; Chapter 3. Vacuous Names and Fictional Entities ; Chapter 4. Outline of a Theory of Truth ; Chapter 5. Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference ; Chapter 6. A Puzzle About Belief ; Chapter 7. Nozick on Knowledge ; Chapter 8. Russell's Notion of Scope ; Chapter 9. Frege's Theory of Sense and Reference: Some Exegetical Notes ; Chapter 10. The First Person ; Chapter 11. Unrestricted Exportation and and Some Morals for the Philosophy of Language ; Chapter 12. Presupposition and Anaphora: ; Remarks on the Formulation of the Projection Problem ; Chapter 13. A Paradox about Time and Thought ; Index

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