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Book Synopsis.- Data Science and Data Analytics..- Generalized Material Flow Model for hot deformation processing based on power law..- Smallest Path Planning for Robots using Simple ACO and Ant System Algorithms..- An asymmetric single channel encryption mechanism using unequal modulus and QZS algorithm in fractional Fourier transform..- Evaluation Criteria for Test Suites in Software Developed Through Test-Driven Development..- LCB-eGyan Model: A Dynamic Cloud Architecture for e-Content Recommendation..- Gender and Ethnicity Recognition System Based on Convolutional Neural Networks..- Radiographic Evaluation for KNEEXNET Using Ensemble Models..- Comparative Study of Quantum Computing Tools and Frameworks..- Security Evaluation and Oversight in Stock Trading Using Artificial Intelligence..- A Dual Approach with Grad-CAM and Layer-wise Relevance Propagation for CNN Models Explainability..- CLAM CNN & LSTM with Attention Mechanism for DNS Data Exfiltration Detection..- Comparison of various data mining techniques for Fake Profile Detection on Twitter..- Strategies for Gen AI Enterprise Adoption..- Role of Deep Learning in Skin Cancer Diagnosis: A Deeper Insight..- Communication, Network and Security..- Smart Education-Filtering Real Time Stream..- RNA and Audio-Based Workflows Scheduling by Multi-Objective Optimization in Cloud Environment..- Group Authentication and Key Management Protocol with Chinese Remainder Theorem in Multicast Communication..- Network Traffic Analysis for Intrusion with Zero Trust..- Enhanced Image Deblurring with the Fusion of Generative Adversarial Networks and Transformer Models..- Analysis of Various Routing Protocols for Air Pollution Monitoring Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks..- Intelligent toll management using limited CNN-based Vehicle Classification..- Optimizing Software Demands using Fuzzy-based Evaluation Techniques..- Enhancing Workflow Efficiency: Innovative Workload Clustering in Cloud Environments.

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Book SynopsisScheduling is a broad research area and scheduling problems arise from several application domains (production systems, logistic, computer science, etc.). Solving scheduling problems requires tools of combinatorial optimization, exact or approximated algorithms. Flexibility is at the frontier between predictive deterministic approaches and reactive or "on-line" approaches. The purpose of flexibility is to provide one or more solutions adapted to the context of the application in order to provide the ideal solution. This book focuses on the integration of flexibility and robustness considerations in the study of scheduling problems. After considering both flexibility and robustness, it then covers various scheduling problems, treated with an emphasis on flexibility or robustness, or both.Table of ContentsPreface 13 Chapter 1. Introduction to Flexibility and Robustness in Scheduling 15 Jean-Charles BILLAUT, AzizMOUKRIM and Eric SANLAVILLE 1.1. Scheduling problems 15 1.1.1. Machine environments 16 1.1.2.Characteristics of tasks 17 1.1.3. Optimality criteria 18 1.2. Background to the study 19 1.3. Uncertainty management 20 1.3.1. Sources of uncertainty 21 1.3.2. Uncertainty of models 22 1.3.3. Possible methods for problem solving 23 1.3.3.1. Full solution process of a scheduling problem with uncertainties 23 1.3.3.2. Proactive approach 24 1.3.3.3. Proactive/reactive approach 24 1.3.3.4. Reactive approach 25 1.4. Flexibility 25 1.5. Robustness 26 1.5.1. Flexibility as a robustness indicator 27 1.5.2. Schedule stability (solution robustness) 28 1.5.3. Stability relatively to a performance criterion (quality robustness) 29 1.5.4. Respect of a fixed performance threshold 30 1.5.5. Deviation measures with respect to the optimum 30 1.5.6. Sensitivity and robustness 31 1.6. Bibliography 31 Chapter 2. Robustness in Operations Research and Decision Aiding 35 Bernard ROY 2.1. Overview 35 2.1.1. Robust in OR-DA with meaning? 36 2.1.2. Why the concern for robustness? 37 2.1.3. Plan of the chapter 38 2.2. Where do “vague approximations” and “zones of ignorance” come from? – the concept of version 38 2.2.1. Sources of inaccurate determination, uncertainty and imprecision 38 2.2.2. DAP formulation: the concept of version 40 2.3. Defining some currently used terms 41 2.3.1. Procedures, results and methods 41 2.3.2. Two types of procedures and methods 42 2.3.3. Conclusions relative to a set ˆR of results 43 2.4. How to take the robustness concern into consideration 43 2.4.1. What must be robust? 44 2.4.2. What are the conditions for validating robustness? 45 2.4.3. How can we define the set of pairs of procedures and versions to take into account? 46 2.5. Conclusion 47 2.6. Bibliography 47 Chapter 3. The Robustness of Multi-Purpose Machines Workshop Configuration 53 Marie-Laure ESPINOUSE, Mireille JACOMINO and André ROSSI 3.1. Introduction 53 3.2. Problem presentation 53 3.2.1. Modeling the workshop 54 3.2.1.1. Production resources 54 3.2.1.2. Modeling the workshop demand 55 3.2.2. Modeling disturbances on the data 55 3.2.3. Performance versus robustness: load balance and stability radius 57 3.2.3.1. Performance criterion for a configuration 57 3.2.3.2. Robustness 57 3.3. Performance measurement 57 3.3.1. Stage one: minimizing the maximum completion time 57 3.3.2. Computing a production plan minimizing machine workload 59 3.3.3. The particular case of uniform machines 60 3.4. Robustness evaluation 61 3.4.1. Finding the demands for which the production plan is balanced 61 3.4.2. Stability radius 64 3.4.3. Graphic representation 65 3.5. Extension: reconfiguration problem 68 3.5.1. Consequence of adding a qualification to the matrix Q 68 3.5.2. Theoretical example 69 3.5.3. Industrial example 70 3.6. Conclusion and perspectives 70 3.7. Bibliography 71 Chapter 4. Sensitivity Analysis for One and m Machines 73 Amine MAHJOUB, AzizMOUKRIM, Christophe RAPINE and Eric SANLAVILLE 4.1. Sensitivity analysis 74 4.2. Single machine problems 78 4.2.1. Some analysis from the literature 78 4.2.2. Machine initial unavailability for 1__Uj 79 4.2.2.1. Problem presentation 79 4.2.2.2. Sensitivity of the HM algorithm 80 4.2.2.3. Hypotheses and notations 80 4.2.2.4. The two scenario case 81 4.3. m-machine problems without communication delays 83 4.3.1. Parametric analysis 83 4.3.2. Example of global analysis: Pm__Cj 85 4.4. The m-machine problems with communication delays 87 4.4.1. Notations and definitions 88 4.4.2. The two-machine case 90 4.4.3. The m-machine case 92 4.4.3.1. Some results in a deterministic setting 92 4.4.3.2. Framework for sensitivity analysis 93 4.4.3.3. Stability studies 93 4.4.3.4. Sensitivity bounds 94 4.5. Conclusion 95 4.6. Bibliography 96 Chapter 5. Service Level in Scheduling 99 Stéphane DAUZÈRE-PÉRÈS, Philippe CASTAGLIOLA and Chams LAHLOU 5.1. Introduction 99 5.2. Motivations 101 5.3. Optimization of the service level: application to the flow-shop problem 103 5.3.1. Criteria computation 103 5.3.2. Processing time generation 104 5.3.3. Experimental results 106 5.4. Computation of a schedule service level 109 5.4.1. Introduction 110 5.4.2. FORM (First Order Reliability Method) 111 5.4.3. FORM vs Monte Carlo 112 5.5. Conclusions 118 5.6. Bibliography 119 Chapter 6. Metaheuristics for Robust Planning and Scheduling 123 Marc SEVAUX, Kenneth SÖRENSEN and Yann LE QUÉRÉ 6.1. Introduction 123 6.2. A general framework for metaheuristic robust optimization 124 6.2.1. General considerations 124 6.2.2. An example using a genetic algorithm 126 6.3. Single-machine scheduling application 127 6.3.1. Minimizing the number of late jobs on a single machine 127 6.3.2. Uncertainty of deliveries 129 6.3.2.1. Considered problem 129 6.3.2.2. Robust evaluation function 129 6.3.3. Results 130 6.4. Application to the planning of maintenance tasks 132 6.4.1. SNCF maintenance problem 133 6.4.2. Uncertainties of an operational factory 134 6.4.3. A robust schedule 135 6.4.3.1. Variations of the unexpected factors 137 6.5. Conclusions and perspectives 139 6.6. Bibliography 140 Chapter 7. Metaheuristics and Performance Evaluation Models for the Stochastic Permutation Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem 143 Michel GOURGAND, Nathalie GRANGEON and Sylvie NORRE 7.1. Problem presentation 144 7.2. Performance evaluation problem 147 7.2.1. Markovian analysis 147 7.2.2. Monte Carlo simulation 153 7.3. Scheduling problem 155 7.3.1. Comparison of two schedules 156 7.3.2. Stochastic descent for the minimization in expectation 157 7.3.3. Inhomogenous simulated annealing for the minimization in expectation 157 7.3.4. Kangaroo algorithm for the minimization in expectation 159 7.3.5. Neighboring systems 161 7.4. Computational experiment 161 7.4.1. Exponential distribution 162 7.4.2. Uniform distribution function 164 7.4.3. Normal distribution function 167 7.5. Conclusion 167 7.6. Bibliography 168 Chapter 8. Resource Allocation for the Construction of Robust Project Schedules 171 Christian ARTIGUES, Roel LEUS and Willy HERROELEN 8.1. Introduction 171 8.2. Resource allocation and resource flows 173 8.2.1. Definitions and notation 173 8.2.2. Resource flow networks 174 8.2.3. A greedy method for obtaining a feasible flow 176 8.2.4. Reactions to disruptions 176 8.3. A branch-and-bound procedure for resource allocation 178 8.3.1. Activity duration disruptions and stability 178 8.3.2. Problem statement and branching scheme 179 8.3.3. Details of the branch-and-bound algorithm 180 8.3.4. Testing for the existence of a feasible flow 182 8.3.5. Branching rules 183 8.3.6. Computational experiments 184 8.3.6.1. Experimental setup 184 8.3.6.2. Branching schemes 185 8.3.6.3. Comparison with the greedy heuristic 187 8.4. A polynomial algorithm for activity insertion 187 8.4.1. Insertion problem formulation 188 8.4.2. Evaluation of a feasible insertion 189 8.4.3. Insertion feasibility conditions 190 8.4.4. Sufficient insertions and insertion cuts 191 8.4.5. Insertion dominance conditions 192 8.4.6. An algorithm for enumerating dominant sufficient insertions 193 8.4.7. Experimental results 193 8.5. Conclusion 194 8.6. Bibliography 195 Chapter 9. Constraint-based Approaches for Robust Scheduling 199 Cyril BRIAND, Marie-José HUGUET, Hoang Trung LA and Pierre LOPEZ 9.1. Introduction 199 9.2. Necessary/sufficient/dominant conditions and partial orders 200 9.3. Interval structures, tops, bases and pyramids 201 9.4. Necessary conditions for a generic approach to robust scheduling 202 9.4.1. Introduction 202 9.4.2. Scheduling problems under consideration 204 9.4.3. Necessary feasibility conditions 205 9.4.4. Propagation mechanisms 206 9.4.4.1. Time constraint propagation 206 9.4.4.2. Resource constraint propagation 207 9.4.5. Interval structures for propagation 208 9.4.5.1. Rank-interval based structures 208 9.4.5.2. Task-interval based structures 210 9.4.6. Discussion 212 9.5. Using dominance conditions or sufficient conditions 213 9.5.1. The single machine scheduling problem 213 9.5.2. The two-machine flow-shop problem 217 9.5.3. Future prospects 221 9.6. Conclusion 222 9.7. Bibliography 222 Chapter 10. Scheduling Operation Groups: A Multicriteria Approach to Provide Sequential Flexibility 227 Carl ESSWEIN, Jean-Charles BILLAUT and Christian ARTIGUES 10.1. Introduction 227 10.2. Groups of permutable operations 228 10.2.1. History, principles and definitions 228 10.2.2. Representation and evaluation 230 10.2.2.1.Earliest start time computation 232 10.2.2.2. Latest completion time computation 234 10.2.2.3. Quality of a group schedule 234 10.3. The ORABAID approach 235 10.3.1. The proactive phase: searching for a feasible and acceptable group schedule 235 10.3.1.1. Construction of a feasible group schedule 236 10.3.1.2. Searching for acceptability of the group schedule 237 10.3.1.3. Increasing the group schedule flexibility 237 10.3.2. The reactive phase: real-time decision aid 237 10.3.3. Some conclusions about ORABAID 238 10.4. AMORFE, a multicriteria approach 238 10.4.1. Flexibility evaluation of a group schedule 239 10.4.2. Evaluation of the quality of a group schedule 240 10.4.3. Some considerations about the objective function definition 241 10.4.4. Quality guarantee in the best case 243 10.4.4.1. Advantages 243 10.4.4.2. Respect for quality in the best case 243 10.5. Application to several scheduling problems 244 10.6. Conclusion 246 10.7. Bibliography 246 Chapter 11. A Flexible Proactive-Reactive Approach: The Case of an AssemblyWorkshop 249 Mohamed Ali ALOULOU and Marie-Claude PORTMANN 11.1. Context 249 11.2. Definition of the control model 251 11.2.1. Definition of the problem and its environment 251 11.2.2. Definition of a solution to the problem 251 11.2.3. Definition of the solution quality 252 11.2.3.1. Preliminary example 252 11.2.3.2. Performance of a solution 253 11.2.3.3. Flexibility of a solution 255 11.3. Proactive algorithm 256 11.3.1. General schema of the proposed genetic algorithm 256 11.3.2. Selection and strategy of reproduction 258 11.3.3. Coding of a solution 258 11.3.4. Crossover operator 258 11.3.5. Mutation operator 259 11.4. Reactive algorithm 260 11.4.1. Functions of the reactive algorithm 260 11.4.2. Reactive algorithms in the absence of disruptions 261 11.4.2.1. A posteriori quality measures 261 11.4.2.2. Proposed algorithms 263 11.4.3. Reactive algorithm with disruptions 264 11.5. Experiments and validation 264 11.6. Extensions and conclusions 265 11.7. Bibliography 266 Chapter 12. Stabilization for Parallel Applications 269 Amine MAHJOUB, Jonathan E. PECERO SÁNCHEZ and Denis TRYSTRAM 12.1. Introduction 270 12.2. Parallel systems and scheduling 270 12.2.1. Actual parallel systems 270 12.2.2. Definitions and notations 271 12.2.3. Motivating example 273 12.3. Overview of different existing approaches 275 12.4. The stabilization approach 276 12.4.1. Stabilization in processing computing 276 12.4.2. Example 278 12.4.3. Stabilization process 280 12.5. Two directions for stabilization 280 12.5.1. The PRCP∗ algorithm 281 12.5.2. Strong stabilization 283 12.6. An intrinsically stable algorithm 286 12.6.1. Convex clustering 286 12.6.2. Stability analysis of convex clustering 290 12.7. Experiments 293 12.7.1. Impact of disturbances in the schedules of the three algorithms 294 12.7.2. Influence of the initial schedule in the stabilization process 295 12.7.3. Comparison of the schedules with and without stabilization 297 12.7.4. Test 1 – comparison for Winkler graphs 297 12.7.5. Test 2 – comparison for layer graphs 298 12.8. Conclusion 299 12.9. Bibliography 300 Chapter 13. Contribution to a Proactive/Reactive Control of Time Critical Systems 303 Pascal AYGALINC, Soizick CALVEZ and Patrice BONHOMME 13.1. Introduction 303 13.2. Static problem definition 305 13.2.1. Autonomous Petri nets (APN) 306 13.2.2. p-timePNs 307 13.3. Step 1: computing a feasible sequencing family 311 13.4. Step 2: dynamic phase 317 13.4.1. Temporal flexibility 317 13.4.2. Temporal flexibility and sequential flexibility 319 13.4.2.1. Partial order in performance evaluation 320 13.4.2.2. Partial order in proactive/reactive control 322 13.5. Restrictions due to p-time PNs 323 13.6. Bibliography 325 Chapter 14. Small Perturbations on Some NP-Complete Scheduling Problems 327 Christophe PICOULEAU 14.1. Introduction 327 14.2. Problem definitions 328 14.2.1. Sequencing with release times and deadlines 328 14.2.2. Multiprocessor scheduling 329 14.2.3. Unit execution times scheduling 330 14.2.4. Scheduling unit execution times with unit communication times 331 14.3. NP-completeness results 332 14.4. Conclusion 340 14.5. Bibliography 340 List of Authors 341 Index 347

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing Communications and Control, ICAC3 2011, held in Mumbai, India, in January 2011. The 84 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 309 submissions. The papers address issues such as AI, artificial neural networks, computer graphics, data warehousing and mining, distributed computing, geo information and statistical computing, learning algorithms, system security, virtual reality, cloud computing, service oriented architecture, semantic web, coding techniques, modeling and simulation of communication systems, network architecture, network protocols, optical fiber/microwave communication, satellite communication, speech/image processing, wired and wireless communication, cooperative control, and nonlinear control, process control and instrumentation, industrial automation, controls in aerospace, robotics, and power systems.

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Book SynopsisVolume 18, entitled Metallo-Drugs: Development and Action of Anticancer Agents of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences centers on biological, medicinal inorganic chemistry. The serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cis-diamminodichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) by Barnett Rosenberg in the 1960s is a landmark in metallodrug-based chemotherapy. The success of cisplatin in the clinic, followed by oxaliplatin and carboplatin, along with their drawbacks relating mainly to resistance development and severe toxicity, initiated research on polynuclear platinum complexes and on Pt(IV) complexes as prodrugs. Furthermore, the indicated shortcomings led to the exploration of other transition and main group metal ions, among them Ru(II/III), Au(I/III), Ti(IV), V(IV/V), and Ga(III) including also the essential metal ions Fe(II/III), Cu(I/II), and Zn(II). Ionic as well as covalent and non-covalent interactions between structurally very different complexes and biomolecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates are studied and discussed with regard to their possible anticancer actions. Hence, MILS-18 summarizes the research at the forefront of medicinal inorganic chemistry, including studies on the next-generation, tailor-made anticancer drugs. All this and more is treated in an authoritative and timely manner in the 17 stimulating chapters of this book, written by 39 internationally recognized experts from 10 nations (from the US via Europe to China and Australia). The impact of this vibrant research area is manifested by more than 2700 references, nearly 150 illustrations (more than half in color) and several comprehensive tables. Metallo-Drugs: Development and Action of Anticancer Agents is an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from enzymology, material sciences, analytical, organic, and inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine including the clinic ... not forgetting that it also provides excellent information for teaching. Table of ContentsFrom the Content: Introduction to the Wider Field of Metallo-Drugs Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin: Our Current Understanding of Their Actions Polynuclear Platinum Drugs: Covalent and Non-covalent DNA-Binding Agents Different Drugs, Different Actions: The Actions and Consequences of Trans and Cationic Platinum Drugs Platinum(IV) Drugs The Ruthenium Drugs KP1019 and NAMI-A: Our Current Understanding of Their Actions Ruthenium Piano-Stool Organometallic Drugs The Gold Drugs Titanium Drugs Vanadium Drugs Non-covalent Metallo-Drugs: Targeting Junction Structures Metallo-Drugs that Target Proteins Non-canonical Nucleic Acid Targets: Metallo-Drugs that Act on Quadruplexes Targeting, Delivery and Nanoscience of Metallo-Drugs Metallo-Intercalators

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Book SynopsisThe combined effects of population growth and aging have led to an increase in the number of cancers. Preventing, diagnosing, treating and curing cancer are therefore, more than ever, imperatives facing medicine – especially to continue the decrease in cancers� mortality rates and to improve the quality of survival. Over time, the �classic� modes of treatment (surgery, external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy) have become more refined and efficient. From the beginning of this century, new therapeutic options have been developed: targeted cancer therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy and immunologic therapies based on monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapy and vaccinations. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are also being introduced to the field of oncology. Starting with the basic scientific principles relevant to oncology, this book explains and makes these concepts and innovations accessible to a wide audience – especially in the interest of patients. It also contributes to the oncological field of 4P medicine – with 4P standing for predictive, preventive, personalized and participative.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1. Genomics and Epigenetics 1 1.1. DNA, RNA and genetic code 1 1.2. Sequencing and genomics 5 1.3. Transcriptome and proteome 10 1.4. Epigenetics, the missing link 13 Chapter 2. Overview of Cancer Chemotherapy 19 2.1. The introduction of an innovative method 20 2.2. Nitrogen mustards, the first revival 21 2.3. Anti-metabolites, the potential for chemotherapy finally revealed 25 2.4. Natural products in the first line 28 2.4.1. Antimitotic agents 28 2.4.2. Topoisomerase inhibitors 30 2.5. Cisplatin and organoplatin derivatives 32 2.6. An evolving therapeutic approach 34 2.6.1. Combinatorial chemotherapy 35 2.6.2. Adjuvant chemotherapy 36 2.7. Targeted therapies 38 Chapter 3. Immunology and the Immune System 41 3.1. From variolation to vaccination 42 3.2. The hegemony of the humoral theory 44 3.2.1. Instructive theory versus selective theory 45 3.2.2. Determining the chemical nature of antibodies 47 3.3. Towards a conciliation between cell theory and humoral theory 48 3.4. A complex and specific mode of action of a so-called adaptive immunity in collaboration with an innate immunity 51 3.4.1. The study of organ transplants for a better understanding of the immune system 51 3.4.2. The predominant role of MHC molecules on T cell reactivity 55 3.4.3. Other membrane molecules with a key role 56 3.4.4. B lymphocytes and antibody production 57 3.4.5. A collaboration with innate immunity 59 3.4.6. Cytokines, immune system messengers 60 3.5. Summary of innate and adaptive immune responses 61 Chapter 4. The Development of Immunotherapy 63 4.1. Immunosuppressive treatments for graft tolerance 63 4.2. Hybridoma techniques for the production of monoclonal antibodies 65 4.3. Towards an understanding of the immune response (anti- and pro-tumor) 68 4.3.1. Demonstration of the influence of the immune system on tumor activity 68 4.3.2. From the theory of immune surveillance to the “3 Es” theory 69 4.3.3. Antitumor factors 70 4.3.4. Protumor factors 71 4.4. Antitumor immunotherapy 72 4.4.1. From Coley toxin to bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 72 4.4.2. From T-cell cultures to antitumor vaccines 74 4.4.3. Monoclonal antibodies: from rituximab to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) 75 4.4.4. Radioimmunotherapy 76 4.5. A promising path tending towards improvement 78 Chapter 5. The Maturation of Artificial Intelligence 79 5.1. From Babbage machines to the universal Turing machine 80 5.2. Cybernetics, for an association between machine and physiology: towards the development of the first neural network 82 5.2.1. Cybernetics… 82 5.2.2. … to connectionism 83 5.2.3. The perceptron, an application of connectionism 84 5.3. Cognitivism and the true emergence of artificial intelligence 86 5.3.1. From the Logic Theorist… 87 5.3.2. …to the LISP Language 88 5.4. From optimism to the first crisis 89 5.4.1. AI in a new momentum 89 5.4.2. Technical and theoretical limits finally revealed 90 5.5. Expert systems, a renewed interest in AI 92 5.6. The return of neural networks: an optimal method of automatic learning? 94 5.6.1. A renewal of the structure and method of learning 94 5.6.2. Different types of machine learning 97 5.6.3. A new wave of hope generated by neural networks and other learning techniques 98 5.7. A new crisis before a decisive rebound 100 5.7.1. A technological context not yet adapted 100 5.7.2. A set of factors at the origin of the Big Data era 101 5.8. Deep learning, an association between Big Data and neural networks: AI in another dimension 103 5.8.1. An evolution of structure and power 103 5.8.2. Convolutional networks, surprising performance 104 5.8.3. A wide range of applications as a trigger for investments 106 5.8.4. AI as an aid to oncology 108 Chapter 6. The Evolution of Cancer Therapy 111 6.1. Cancer surgery 111 6.1.1. Conventional surgery 113 6.1.2. So-called “minimally invasive” surgery 113 6.1.3. Image-guided surgery 114 6.1.4. Cryosurgery 114 6.1.5. Radiofrequency ablation 114 6.1.6. Laser surgery 115 6.1.7. Robotic surgery 115 6.2. External beam radiotherapy (or external beam radiation therapy) 117 6.3. Great innovations in one formula 121 6.4. Genomics and epigenetics 122 6.5. The new therapies of the 21st Century 124 6.5.1. Targeted therapies: the use of small inhibitory molecules (-nib) 125 6.5.2. The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 126 6.5.3. CAR T-cells (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) for customized medicine 128 6.5.4. Vaccine therapies 130 6.5.5. Targeted radionuclide therapy 131 6.6. Theranostics 133 6.6.1. The evolution of medical imaging 133 6.6.2. The theranostic approach, for a predictive and personalized medicine 137 6.7. Artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data 140 6.8. “In fine” 145 Conclusion 147 List of Abbreviations 161 References 169 Index 177

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Book SynopsisThis book studies the way chronic and long-term illnesses are represented in media, and the issues and structures associated with them. It also examines the way in which patients define themselves, the relationships they form with their carers and the experiences of these carers themselves.The way in which the figure of the caregiver can be portrayed as a necessary support for the patient is also discussed. Testimonies from digital platforms, fictional universes, examples from everyday life and from public and private organizations provide insight into the relationships between patients, caregivers and carers.Table of ContentsPreface xiLaurence CORROY and Christelle CHAUZAL-LARGUIER Author Biographies xxv Part 1 Stakes and Opportunities of Digital and Playful Devices for Patients, Caregivers and Care Providers 1 Chapter 1 The Use of Games as an Innovative Prevention Method for Discussing Work with Hospital Healthcare Staff 3Julie PAVILLET and Aurélia DUMAS 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Methodology of the research 5 1.2.1. Collaborative research and participatory methodology .. 5 1.2.2 Exploratory survey in the USLD: some elements of the organizational context 7 1.3 The use of games as a method of occupational health prevention 9 1.4 Results of the exploration and experimentation stage 11 1.4.1 Contributions of the game: gaps and displacements 11 1.4.2 The game to approach the relational and affective dynamics within the construction of the caregiver and the work group 13 1.5 Conclusion and perspectives 17 1.6 References 18 Chapter 2 The Digital Space as a Resource for Accessing an Alternative Discourse of Caregivers on Caregiving 21Nathalie GARRIC and Frédéric PUGNIÈRE-SAAVEDRA 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 The caregiver: a suffering social figure whose status has recently been recognized 23 2.3 A digital field constructed in correlation with a reference corpus of caregivers’ words 25 2.4 Theoretical framework 27 2.5 Some results 29 2.5.1 The caregiver: an actor who receives little attention in the media and political arena 29 2.5.2 A strong singularity of the digital corpus in a positive dimension 32 2.6 Division and/or continuity of the caregiver status constructed by blogs 38 2.7 Conclusion 43 2.8 References 44 Chapter 3 Co-design with Patients with Chronic Diseases for Information and Training Materials Related to Connected Implants 47Ambre DAVAT and Fabienne MARTIN-JUCHAT 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Co-design based on affect stories 49 3.3 Application to the RealWorld4Clinic project 51 3.3.1 Constitution of the group 51 3.3.2 Course of the sessions 52 3.3.3 Identification of issues through affect stories 52 3.3.4 Main questions and development of hypotheses 53 3.3.5 Development of the method 54 3.3.6 Review of the study’s progress 54 3.4 Assessment of the first phase of the study 56 3.4.1 Sample 56 3.4.2. Patient profile/temporality in the adaptation to the disease 57 3.4.3 Acceptance/rejection of implants 59 3.4.4 Sources of anxiety related to implantation 60 3.4.5 Impact of telemonitoring on the care pathway 60 3.5 Conclusion: co-design, one of the conditions for an ethics of innovation in health? 61 3.6 Acknowledgments 62 3.7 References 63 Chapter 4 Institutional Communication in Healthcare Organizations as a Marker of Patient Orientation: The Case of Institutional Websites 65Corinne ROCHETTE and Emna CHERIF 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Patient orientation, between culture and behavior 67 4.3 Methodology and research proposals 70 4.4 Main results 72 4.5 Discussion and conclusion 75 4.6 Appendix: Terminology reminders 77 4.7 References 78 Chapter 5 Digital Communication and Merchandising for Caregivers: The Case of Thermal Baths 81Christelle CHAUZAL-LARGUIER and Alexis MEYER 5.1 Introduction 81 5.2 The question of adapting the spa offer to a specific audience 86 5.2.1 The caregiver: a legitimate target for the spa industry 86 5.2.2 Short-term thermal care for caregivers in search of differentiating content 89 5.3 The seduction strategy of caregivers in question 92 5.3.1. The informational approach to communication is preferred .. 92 5.3.2 Good referencing of the websites of thermal establishments is poorly exploited 95 5.4 Conclusion 98 5.5 References 100 Part 2 Narrative Medicine and Patient and Caregiver Hermeneutics 103 Chapter 6 When the Doctor Becomes a Patient: The Relationship Between the Caregiver and the Breast Cancer Patient in Demain nous appartient 105Laurence CORROY and Emilie ROCHE 6.1 Introduction 105 6.2 Narrative of the disease 107 6.3 Emotional journey of the patient physician 109 6.4 The role of caregivers 115 6.5 Conclusion 123 6.6 References 124 Chapter 7. Taming Cancer. Affected Bodies, Mirrored Emotions and Challenges for Patients and Their Loved Ones 127Anne VEGA and Ibtissem BEN DRIDI 7.1 Introduction – a limited recognition of the role of relatives? 127 7.2 The invisible work of family caregivers in the care trajectory of the patient 129 7.2.1 Memorizing and/or translating and coordinating consultations 130 7.2.2 Accompanying: trying to reduce anxiety, restoring image and dignity 131 7.2.3 (Re)building or unraveling relationships: limits to commitments 133 7.3 The centrality and vitality of caregivers 135 7.3.1. To have ties and networks of medical inter-knowledge 135 7.3.2 Having administrative and financial assistance 136 7.3.3 Behind the duty to support: helping keep morale up, social utility and trying to survive 137 7.4 Conclusion – helping to maintain dignity and morale: another form of empowerment to be recognized 141 7.5 References 142 Chapter 8 About Long Illnesses Family Caregivers: Actors and Producers of Care and Health The Case of Algeria 145Aicha BENABED 8.1 Introduction 145 8.2 Family help in the Algerian context 148 8.3. Family help and secular care: an alternative to medical work .. 150 8.4 The motivations for taking care of the sick relative 156 8.5 The impact of care on the health of the patient’s relative 157 8.6 Conclusion 159 8.7 References 159 Chapter 9 Affective Dynamics of Caregivers to Those with Alzheimer’s and Resilience Self-(re)Construction through Two Devices: A Digital Platform and a Biographical Interview 161Abdelhadi BELLACHHAB, Olga GALATANU and Valérie ROCHAIX 9.1 Introduction 162 9.2 The biographical interview versus the discussion forum: two distinct devices of self-construction 163 9.3 Spaces of expression 165 9.3.1 The forum, constrained freedom and conventional authenticity? 165 9.3.2 The interview, a “position of social gaze” 167 9.4 Theoretical and epistemological framework 168 9.4.1 Definitions of concepts: affects, emotions and feelings 170 9.4.2 Classes of emotions 171 9.5 The emotional experience of caregivers through two communication devices 173 9.5.1 Tool-based approach to the corpus 173 9.5.2 The emotional experience reconstructed lexically in the forum 177 9.5.3 The emotional experience reconstructed lexically in the interviews 181 9.6 Conclusion 184 9.7 References 185 Chapter 10 Co-constructing a Territory that Provides Assistance 189André SIMONNET, Julia GUDEFIN and Maya CHABANE 10.1 Introduction 189 10.2 For a territory that helps caregivers: Escale des aidants 193 10.3 A reflective approach in the sociology of action 196 10.3.1. Workshops by and for caregivers as a research field .. 196 10.3.2 Between tools and first results, what are the challenges of aid at the local level? 198 10.4 Conclusion: what place for caregivers in the health and social systems? 203 10.5 References 206 List of Authors 207 Index 211

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Book SynopsisHalf a century ago Adorno and Horkheimer argued, with great prescience, that our increasingly rationalized world was witnessing the emergence of a new kind of barbarism, thanks in part to the stultifying effects of the culture industries. What they could not foresee was that, with the digital revolution and the pervasive automation associated with it, the developments they had discerned would be greatly accentuated, giving rise to the loss of reason and to the loss of the reason for living. Individuals are now overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of digital information and the speed of digital flows, resulting in a kind of technological Wild West in which they find themselves increasingly powerless, driven by their lack of agency to the point of madness. How can we find a way out of this situation? In this major new book, Bernard Stiegler argues that we must first acknowledge our era as one of fundamental disruption and detachment. We are living in an absence of epokhē in the philosophical sense, by which Stiegler means that we have lost our path of thinking and being. Weaving in powerful accounts from his own life story, including struggles with depression and time spent in prison, Stiegler calls for a new epokhē based on public power. We must forge new circuits of meaning outside of the established algorithmic routes. For only then will forms of thinking and life be able to arise that restore meaning and aspiration to the individual. Concluding with a dialogue between Stiegler and Jean-Luc Nancy, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars in social and cultural theory, media and cultural studies, philosophy and the humanities generally.Trade Review‘A summation of his thinking to date – from originary technicity to the Anthropocene – this is also Stiegler's most personal philosophical work so far. Discussing his intellectual apprenticeship while in prison, and his practice of thinking and writing as a form of self-medication against depression and madness, he issues a passionate call to tend the wounds of contemporary existence, whether psychological, economic or ecological, through the collective transformation of the wilful destruction indulged in by our digital superpowers into a future worth wanting to live for.’Martin Crowley, University of Cambridge"[I]ntricate and brilliant . . . enunciated by a humane and compassionate voice."Los Angeles Review of Books

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Book SynopsisThe book is divided into four major parts. Part I covers HDL constructs and synthesis of basic digital circuits. Part II provides an overview of embedded software development with the emphasis on low-level I/O access and drivers. Part III demonstrates the design and development of hardware and software for several complex I/O peripherals, including PS2 keyboard and mouse, a graphic video controller, an audio codec, and an SD (secure digital) card. Part IV provides three case studies of the integration of hardware accelerators, including a custom GCD (greatest common divisor) circuit, a Mandelbrot set fractal circuit, and an audio synthesizer based on DDFS (direct digital frequency synthesis) methodology. The book utilizes FPGA devices, Nios II soft-core processor, and development platform from Altera Co., which is one of the two main FPGA manufactures. Altera has a generous university program that provides free software and discounted prototyping boards for educational institTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1. Ovweview of Embedded System. Part I. Basic Digital Circuits Development. 2. Gate-level Combinational Circuit. 3. Overview of FPGA and EDA Software. 4. RT-level Combinational Circuit. 5. Regular Sequential Circuit. 6. FSM. 7. FSMD. Part II. Basic NIOS II Software Development. 8. Nios II Processor Overview. 9. Nios II System Derivation and Low-Level Access. 10. Predesigned Nios II I/O Peripherals. 11. Predesigned Nios II I/O Drivers and HAL API. 12. Interrupt and ISR. Part III. Custom I/O Peripheral Development. 13. Custom I/O Peripheral with PIO Cores. 14. Avalon Interconnect and SOPC Component. 15. SRAM and SDRAM Controllers. 16. PS2 Keyboard and Mouse. 17. VGA Controller. 18. Audio Codec Controller. 19. SD Card Controller. IV. Hardware Accelerator Case Studies. 20. GCD Accelerator. 21. Mandelbrot Set Fractal Accelerator. 22. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis. References. Topic Index.

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Book Synopsis"A longstanding excellent primer, in an equally excellent updated edition."—Print Ellen Lupton and Jennifer Cole Phillips's celebrated introduction to graphic design, available in a revised and updated edition. Graphic Design: The New Basics explains the key concepts of visual language that inform any work of design. A foundational graphic design book for students, Lupton and Phillips explore the formal elements of design through visual demonstrations and concise commentary. From logos to letterhead to complex website design, this is a graphic design book for everyone, no matter your design project or focus. Topics include: • Color • Texture • Rhythm and balance • Hierarchy • Layers • Grids • And much more! The new revised edition features new chapters on: • Visualizing data • Typography • Modes of representation • Gestalt principles Sixteen new pages of student and professional work covering such topics as working with grids and designing with color make this a course adoption favorite in any graphic design program and graphic design school. Graphic Design: The New Basics is an invaluable introduction to the field of graphic design from two accomplished designers and design educators.

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Book SynopsisOver the last few years vehicular networks have been receiving a lot of attention from academia, industry, standardization bodies, and the various transportation agencies and departments of many governments around the world. It is envisaged in the next decade that the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) will become an essential part of our daily life. This book describes models and/or algorithms designed to investigate evolutionary solutions to overcome important issues such as congestion control, routing, clustering, interconnection with long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE advanced cellular networks, traffic signal control and analysis of performances through simulation tools and the generation of vehicular mobility traces for network simulations. It provides an up-to-date progress report on the most significant contributions carried out by the specialized research community in the various fields concerned, in terms of models and algorithms. The proposals and new directions explored by the authors are highly original, and a rather descriptive method has been chosen, which aims at drawing up complete states of the art as well as providing an overall presentation of the personal contributions brought by the authors and clearly illustrating the advantages and limitations as well as issues for future work. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Congestion Control for Safety Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks 3. Inter-Vehicle Communication for the Next Generation of Intelligent Transport System: Trends in Geographic Ad Hoc Routing Techniques 4. CONVOY: A New Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Networks 5. Complementarity between Vehicular Networks and LTE Networks 6. Gateway Selection Algorithms in a Hybrid VANET-LTE Advanced Network 7. Synthetic Mobility Traces for Vehicular Networking 8. Traffic Signal Control Systems and Car-to-Car Communications About the Authors André-Luc Beylot is Professor in the Telecommunication and Network Department of the ENSEEIHT of IRIT-T, University of Toulouse in France. Houda Labiod is Associate Professor at Telecom ParisTech in the INFRES (Computer Science and Network) Department, France.Table of ContentsIntroduction xiHouda LABIOD and André-Luc BEYLOT Chapter 1. Congestion Control for Safety Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 1Razvan STANICA, Emmanuel CHAPUT and André-Luc BEYLOT 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Beaconing frequency 5 1.3. Data rate 7 1.4. Transmission power 10 1.5. Minimum contention window 12 1.6. Physical carrier sense 25 1.7. Conclusion 31 1.8. Bibliography 32 Chapter 2. Inter-Vehicle Communication for the Next Generation of Intelligent Transport Systems: Trends in Geographic Ad Hoc Routing Techniques 39Xunxing DIAO, Kun-Mean MOU, Jian-Jin LI and Haiying ZHOU 2.1. Introduction 39 2.2. IVC-relating ITS projects 42 2.3. Wireless sublayer techniques 45 2.3.1. WLAN and WPAN (up to 300 m) 45 2.3.2. Dedicated short-range communication (up to 1 km) 47 2.3.3. Cellular networks (more than 1 km) 49 2.3.4. Comparison 50 2.4. Geographic routing techniques for VANET 52 2.4.1. Features of VANET 52 2.4.2. Localization 54 2.4.3. Unicast greedy routing 62 2.4.4. Geocast (multicast) routing 72 2.4.5. Delay tolerant network-based routing 75 2.4.6. Map-based routing 79 2.5. Conclusion and open issues 79 2.6. Acknowledgments 81 2.7. Bibliography 81 Chapter 3. CONVOY: A New Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Networks 91Véronique VÈQUE, Florent KAISSER, Colette JOHNEN and Anthony BUSSON 3.1. Introduction 91 3.2. Clustering or network partitioning 94 3.2.1. General remarks on the partitioning of mobile ad hoc networks 94 3.2.2. Controlling the number of hops 96 3.2.3. Controlling the number of nodes 97 3.2.4. Role of the clusterhead 98 3.3. Mobility-based clustering in ad hoc vehicular networks 98 3.3.1. The dynamics of vehicular traffic in VANETs 99 3.3.2. Clustering according to the lane 101 3.3.3. Clustering depending on the relative speed between the vehicles 101 3.3.4. Clustering depending on the direction of the movement (movement-based) 101 3.3.5. Clustering depending on the radio link quality 102 3.3.6. Clustering depending on speed and relative speed 103 3.3.7. Clustering depending on the position, speed and direction 104 3.4. Clustering of VANETs for MAC and transport applications 105 3.4.1. Cluster-based MAC protocol 105 3.4.2. Clustering for transport applications 106 3.5. CONVOY: a vehicle convoy formation protocol 108 3.5.1. Intra-convoy communication protocol 110 3.5.2. Convoy formation algorithm 110 3.6. Assessment of the convoy formation protocol 117 3.6.1. Optimal parameters of the algorithm 119 3.6.2. Distribution of the length of convoys 120 3.6.3. Convoy stability 121 3.7. Conclusion 123 3.8. Bibliography 124 Chapter 4. Complementarity between Vehicular Networks and LTE Networks 131Guillaume RÉMY, Sidi-Mohammed SENOUCI, François JAN and Yvon GOURHANT 4.1. Introduction 131 4.2. State of the art 135 4.3. General description of the proposed architecture 139 4.3.1. Network organization mechanisms for areas completely covered by LTE 139 4.3.2. Network organization mechanisms for areas that are not completely covered by LTE 140 4.3.3. Information collection application: LTE4V2X-C 141 4.3.4. Information dissemination application: LTE4V2X-D 141 4.4. Detailed description of the LTE4V2X-C protocol 141 4.4.1. Initialization phase 143 4.4.2. Maintenance 145 4.4.3. Extension for the areas not covered by the LTE 149 4.5. A detailed description of the LTE4V2X-D protocol 151 4.6. Performance evaluation 153 4.6.1. Hypotheses 153 4.6.2. The results of the simulation and their analysis 156 4.6.3. Analysis of the impact of the handover 164 4.7. Conclusion 168 4.8. Bibliography 169 Chapter 5. Gateway Selection Algorithms in Vehicular Networks 171Ghayet e mouna ZHIOUA, Houda LABIOD, Nabil TABBANE and Sami TABBANE 5.1. Introduction 171 5.2. Clustering and gateway selection in VANET networks 173 5.2.1. Clustering in VANET networks 173 5.2.2. Gateway selection in a clustered/non-clustered VANET architecture 177 5.2.3. Conclusions 181 5.3. Gateway selection in a clustered VANET-LTE advanced hybrid network 182 5.3.1. Problem statement 182 5.3.2. LTE-advanced standard 183 5.3.3. Proposed algorithm 187 5.3.4. Conclusions 204 5.4. Conclusion 205 5.5. Bibliography 206 Chapter 6. Synthetic Mobility Traces for Vehicular Networking 209Sandesh UPPOOR, Marco FIORE and Jérôme HÄRRI 6.1. Introduction 209 6.2. Generation process 212 6.2.1. Road topology database 212 6.2.2. Microscopic traffic flow description 215 6.2.3. Macroscopic road traffic description 218 6.3. Mobility simulators 220 6.3.1. Microscopic traffic simulators 220 6.3.2. Mesoscopic traffic simulators 221 6.3.3. Macroscopic traffic simulators 222 6.3.4. Interactions between simulators 223 6.4. Mobility traces 226 6.4.1. Perception 227 6.4.2. Small-scale measurements 230 6.4.3. Road traffic imagery 231 6.4.4. Roadside detectors 232 6.4.5. Sociodemographic surveys 233 6.4.6. Discussion 237 6.5. Bibliography 240 Chapter 7. Traffic Signal Control Systems and Car-to-Car Communications 247Mounir BOUSSEDJRA, Nitin MASLEKAR, Joseph MOUZNA and Houda LABIOD 7.1. Introduction 247 7.2. Classification of traffic signal control systems 249 7.2.1. Static systems 250 7.2.2. Dynamic systems 251 7.3. Traffic signal control and car-to-car communication 269 7.4. Summary and conclusion 269 7.5. Bibliography 273 List of Authors 279 Index 281

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Book SynopsisSince the construction of the first embedded system in the 1960s, embedded systems have continued to spread. They provide a continually increasing number of services and are part of our daily life. The development of these systems is a difficult problem which does not yet have a global solution. Another difficulty is that systems are plunged into the real world, which is not discrete (as is generally understood in computing), but has a richness of behaviors which sometimes hinders the formulation of simplifying assumptions due to their generally autonomous nature and they must face possibly unforeseen situations (incidents, for example), or even situations that lie outside the initial design assumptions. Embedded Systems presents the state of the art of the development of embedded systems and, in particular, concentrates on the modeling and analysis of these systems by looking at “model-driven engineering”, (MDE2): SysML, UML/MARTE and AADL. A case study (based on a pacemaker) is presented which enables the reader to observe how the different aspects of a system are addressed using the different approaches. All three systems are important in that they provide the reader with a global view of their possibilities and demonstrate the contributions of each approach in the different stages of the software lifecycle. Chapters dedicated to analyzing the specification and code generation are also presented. Contents Foreword, Brian R. Larson.Foreword, Dominique Potier.Introduction, Fabrice Kordon, Jérôme Hugues, Agusti Canals and Alain Dohet.Part 1. General Concepts1. Elements for the Design of Embedded Computer Systems, Fabrice Kordon, Jérôme Hugues, Agusti Canals and Alain Dohet.2. Case Study: Pacemaker, Fabrice Kordon, Jérôme Hugues, Agusti Canals and Alain Dohet.Part 2. SysML3. Presentation of SysML Concepts, Jean-Michel Bruel and Pascal Roques.4. Modeling of the Case Study Using SysML, Loïc Fejoz, Philippe Leblanc and Agusti Canals.5. Requirements Analysis, Ludovic Apvrille and Pierre De Saqui-Sannes.Part 3. MARTE6. An Introduction to MARTE Concepts, Sébastien Gérard and François Terrier.7. Case Study Modeling Using MARTE, Jérôme Delatour and Joël Champeau.8. Model-Based Analysis, Frederic Boniol, Philippe Dhaussy, Luka Le Roux and Jean-Charles Roger.9. Model-Based Deployment and Code Generation, Chokri Mraidha, Ansgar Radermacher and Sébastien Gérard.Part 4. AADL10. Presentation of the AADL Concepts, Jérôme Hugues and Xavier Renault.11. Case Study Modeling Using AADL, Etienne Borde.12. Model-Based Analysis, Thomas Robert and Jérôme Hugues.13. Model-Based Code Generation, Laurent Pautet and Béchir Zalila.Table of ContentsForeword xiii Brian R. LARSON Foreword xv Dominique POTIER Introduction xix Fabrice KORDON, Jérôme HUGUES, Agusti CANALS and Alain DOHET PART 1. General Concepts 1 Chapter 1. Elements for the Design of Embedded Computer Systems 3 Fabrice KORDON, Jérôme HUGUES, Agusti CANALS and Alain DOHET 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. System modeling 5 1.3. A brief presentation of UML 6 1.3.1. The UML static diagrams 7 1.3.2. The UML dynamic diagrams 9 1.4. Model-driven development approaches 10 1.4.1. The concepts 10 1.4.2. The technologies 11 1.4.3. The context of the wider field 12 1.5. System analysis 14 1.5.1. Formal verification via proving 15 1.5.2. Formal verification by model-checking 15 1.5.3. The languages to express specifications 16 1.5.4. The actual limits of formal approaches 19 1.6. Methodological aspects of the development of embedded computer systems 20 1.6.1. The main technical processes 22 1.6.2. The importance of the models 23 1.7. Conclusion 24 1.8. Bibliography 25 Chapter 2. Case Study: Pacemaker 29 Fabrice KORDON, Jérôme HUGUES, Agusti CANALS and Alain DOHET 2.1. Introduction 29 2.2. The heart and the pacemaker 30 2.2.1. The heart 30 2.2.2. Presentation of a pacemaker 32 2.3. Case study specification 33 2.3.1. System definition 34 2.3.2. System lifecycle 35 2.3.3. System requirements 36 2.3.4. Pacemaker behavior 39 2.4. Conclusion 42 2.5. Bibliography 43 PART 2. SysML 45 Chapter 3. Presentation of SysML Concepts 47 Jean-Michel BRUEL and Pascal ROQUES 3.1. Introduction 47 3.2. The origins of SysML 48 3.3. General overview: the nine types of diagrams 49 3.4. Modeling the requirements 50 3.4.1. Use case diagram 50 3.4.2. Requirement diagram 51 3.5. Structural modeling 53 3.5.1. Block definition diagram 54 3.5.2. Internal block diagram 56 3.5.3. Package diagram 58 3.6. Dynamic modeling 59 3.6.1. Sequence diagram 59 3.6.2. State machine diagram 61 3.6.3. Activity diagram 63 3.7. Transverse modeling 65 3.7.1. Parametric diagram 65 3.7.2. Allocation and traceability 67 3.8. Environment and tools 68 3.9. Conclusion 68 3.10. Bibliography 68 Chapter 4. Modeling of the Case Study Using SysML 71 Loïc FEJOZ, Philippe LEBLANC and Agusti CANALS 4.1. Introduction 71 4.2. System specification 73 4.2.1. Context 73 4.2.2. Requirements model and operational scenarios 75 4.2.3. Requirements model 78 4.3. System design 80 4.3.1. Functional model 81 4.3.2. Domain-specific data 83 4.3.3. Logical architectural model 86 4.3.4. Physical architectural model 90 4.4. Traceability and allocations 90 4.4.1. “Technical needs: divers” traceability diagram 90 4.4.2. Traceability diagram “technical needs: behavior of the pacemaker” 91 4.4.3. Allocation diagram 92 4.5. Test model 93 4.5.1. Traceability diagram “system test: requirements verification” 93 4.5.2. Sequence diagram for the test game TC-PM-07 94 4.5.3. Diagrams presenting a general view of the requirements 94 4.6. Conclusion 95 4.7. Bibliography 97 Chapter 5. Requirements Analysis 99 Ludovic APVRILLE and Pierre DE SAQUI-SANNES 5.1. Introduction 99 5.2. The AVATAR language and the TTool tool 100 5.2.1. Method 101 5.2.2. AVATAR language and SysML standard 101 5.2.3. The TEPE language for expressing properties 102 5.2.4. TTool 103 5.3. An AVATAR expression of the SysML model of the enhanced pacemaker 103 5.3.1. Functioning of the pacemaker and modeling hypotheses 103 5.3.2. Requirements diagram 104 5.4. Architecture 105 5.5. Behavior 106 5.6. Formal verification of the VVI mode 107 5.6.1. General properties 108 5.6.2. Expressing properties using TEPE 108 5.6.3. The use of temporal logic 109 5.6.4. Observer-guided verification 111 5.6.5. Coming back to the model 112 5.7. Related work 113 5.7.1. Languages 113 5.7.2. Tools 114 5.8. Conclusion 115 5.9. Appendix: TTool 116 5.10. Bibliography 116 PART 3. MARTE 119 Chapter 6. An Introduction to MARTE Concepts 121 Sébastien GÉRARD and François TERRIER 6.1. Introduction 121 6.2. General remarks 121 6.2.1. Possible uses of MARTE 122 6.2.2. How should we read the norm? 123 6.2.3. The MARTE architecture 124 6.2.4. MARTE and SysML 127 6.2.5. An open source support 128 6.3. Several MARTE details 128 6.3.1. Modeling non-functional properties 128 6.3.2. A components model for the real-time embedded system 133 6.4. Conclusion 137 6.5. Bibliography 137 Chapter 7. Case Study Modeling Using MARTE 139 Jérôme DELATOUR and Joël CHAMPEAU 7.1. Introduction 139 7.1.1. Hypotheses used in modeling 139 7.1.2. The modeling methodology used 140 7.1.3. Chapter layout 141 7.2. Software analysis 141 7.2.1. Use case and interface characterization 141 7.2.2. The sphere of application 144 7.3. Preliminary software design – the architectural component 145 7.3.1. The candidate architecture 146 7.3.2. Identifying the components 146 7.3.3. Presentation of the candidate architecture 148 7.3.4. A presentation of the detailed interfaces 150 7.4. Software preliminary design – behavioral component 151 7.4.1. The controller 151 7.4.2. The cardiologist 153 7.4.3. The operating modes of the cardiologist 153 7.5. Conclusion 155 7.6. Bibliography 156 Chapter 8. Model-Based Analysis 157 Frederic BONIOL, Philippe DHAUSSY, Luka LE ROUX and Jean-Charles ROGER 8.1. Introduction 157 8.2. Model and requirements to be verified 161 8.2.1. The UML-MARTE model that needs to be translated in Fiacre 161 8.2.2. Fiacre language 162 8.2.3. The translation principles of the UML model in Fiacre 163 8.2.4. Requirements 165 8.3. Model-checking of the requirements 166 8.3.1. Use case 166 8.3.2. Properties 167 8.3.3. Property check 170 8.3.4. First assessment 172 8.4. Context exploitation 172 8.4.1. Identifying the context scenarios 173 8.4.2. Automatic partitioning of the context graphs 174 8.4.3. CDL language 175 8.4.4. CDL model exploitation in a model-checker 177 8.4.5. Description of a CDL context 178 8.4.6. Results 179 8.5. Assessment 180 8.6. Conclusion 181 8.7. Bibliography 182 Chapter 9. Model-Based Deployment and Code Generation 185 Chokri MRAIDHA, Ansgar RADERMACHER and Sébastien GÉRARD 9.1. Introduction 185 9.2. Input models 187 9.2.1. Description of the executable component-based model 187 9.2.2. Description of the platform model 188 9.2.3. Description of the deployment model 189 9.3. Generation of the implementation model 190 9.3.1. Main concepts 191 9.3.2. Connector pattern 191 9.3.3. Container pattern 193 9.3.4. Implementation of the components 195 9.3.5. Resulting implementation components 197 9.4. Code generation 197 9.4.1. Deployment of the components 198 9.4.2. Transformation into an object-oriented model 199 9.4.3. Generating code 200 9.5. Support tools 201 9.6. Conclusion 202 9.7. Bibliography 202 PART 4. AADL 205 Chapter 10. Presentation of the AADL Concepts 207 Jérôme HUGUES and Xavier RENAULT 10.1. Introduction 207 10.2. General ADL concepts 207 10.3. AADLv2, an ADL for design and analysis 208 10.3.1. A history of the AADL 208 10.3.2. A brief introduction to AADL 209 10.3.3. Tools 211 10.4. Taxonomy of the AADL entities 211 10.4.1. Language elements: the components 212 10.4.2. Connections between the components 214 10.4.3. Language elements: attributes 215 10.4.4. Language elements: extensions and refinements 219 10.5. AADL annexes 220 10.5.1. Data modeling annex 220 10.6. Analysis of AADL models 221 10.6.1. Structural properties 222 10.6.2. Qualitative properties 222 10.6.3. Quantitative properties 223 10.7. Conclusion 224 10.8. Bibliography 225 Chapter 11. Case Study Modeling Using AADL 227 Etienne BORDE 11.1. Introduction 227 11.2. Review of the structure of a pacemaker 229 11.3. AADL modeling of the structure of the pacemaker 230 11.3.1. Decomposition of the system into several subsystems 230 11.3.2. Execution and communication infrastructure 233 11.4. Overview of the functioning of the pacemaker 235 11.4.1. The operational modes of the pacemaker 235 11.4.2. The operational sub-modes of the pacemaker 235 11.4.3. Some functionalities of the pacemaker 237 11.5. AADL modeling of the software architecture of the pulse generator 240 11.5.1. AADL modeling of the operational modes of the pulse generator 240 11.5.2. AADL modeling of the features of the pulse generator in the permanent mode 242 11.6. Modeling of the deployment of the pacemaker 247 11.7. Conclusion 249 11.8. Bibliography 250 Chapter 12. Model-Based Analysis 251 Thomas ROBERT and Jérôme HUGUES 12.1. Introduction 251 12.2. Behavioral validation, per mode and global 252 12.2.1. Validation context and fine tuning of the requirements 253 12.2.2. Translation of the behavioral automata into UPPAAL 253 12.2.3. Refining requirements 22-23/P 258 12.2.4. Study of the permanent/VVT mode 260 12.2.5. Study of the changing of the permanent/VVT→Magnet/VOO mode 261 12.3. Conclusion 262 12.4. Bibliography 263 Chapter 13. Model-Based Code Generation 265 Laurent PAUTET and Béchir ZALILA 13.1. Introduction 265 13.2. Software component generation 268 13.2.1. Data conversion 269 13.2.2. Conversion of subprograms 272 13.2.3. Conversion of execution threads 275 13.2.4. Conversion of the instances of shared data 283 13.3. Middleware components generation 283 13.4. Configuration and deployment of middleware components 284 13.4.1. Deployment 284 13.5. Integration of the compilation chain 285 13.6. Conclusion 287 13.7. Bibliography 287 List of Authors 289 Index 291

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Book SynopsisEvolutionary computation algorithms are employed to minimize functions with large number of variables. Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is an optimization algorithm that is based on the science of biogeography, which researches the migration patterns of species. These migration paradigms provide the main logic behind BBO. Due to the cross-disciplinary nature of the optimization problems, there is a need to develop multiple approaches to tackle them and to study the theoretical reasoning behind their performance. This book explains the mathematical model of BBO algorithm and its variants created to cope with continuous domain problems (with and without constraints) and combinatorial problems.Table of ContentsChapter 1 The Science of Biogeography 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Island biogeography 3 1.3 Influence factors for biogeography 6 Chapter 2 Biogeography and Biological Optimization 11 2.1 A mathematical model of biogeography 11 2.2 Biogeography as an optimization process 16 2.3 Biological optimization 19 2.3.1 Genetic algorithms 19 2.3.2 Evolution strategies 20 2.3.3 Particle swarm optimization 21 2.3.4 Artificial bee colony algorithm 22 2.4 Conclusion 23 Chapter 3 A Basic BBO Algorithm 25 3.1 BBO definitions and algorithm 25 3.1.1 Migration 26 3.1.2 Mutation 27 3.1.3 BBO implementation 27 3.2 Differences between BBO and other optimization algorithms 35 3.2.1 BBO and genetic algorithms 35 3.2.2 BBO and other algorithms 36 3.3 Simulations 37 3.4 Conclusion 44 Chapter 4 BBO Extensions 45 4.1 Migration curves 45 4.2 Blended migration 49 4.3 Other approaches to BBO 51 4.4 Applications 56 4.5 Conclusion 59 Chapter 5 BBO as a Markov Process 61 5.1 Markov definitions and notations 61 5.2 Markov model of BBO 72 5.3 BBO convergence 79 5.4 Markov models of BBO extensions 90 5.5 Conclusions 99 Chapter 6 Dynamic System Models of BBO 103 6.1 Basic notation 103 6.2 Dynamic system models of BBO 105 6.3 Applications to benchmark problems 119 6.4 Conclusions 122 Chapter 7 Statistical Mechanics Approximations of BBO 123 7.1 Preliminary foundation 123 7.2 Statistical mechanics model of BBO 128 7.2.1 Migration 128 7.2.2 Mutation 134 7.3 Further discussion 141 7.3.1 Finite population effects 141 7.3.2 Separable fitness functions 142 7.4 Conclusions 143 Chapter 8 BBO for Combinatorial Optimization 145 8.1 Traveling salesman problem 147 8.2 BBO for the TSP 148 8.2.1 Population initialization 148 8.2.2 Migration in the TSP 150 8.2.3 Mutation in the TSP 157 8.2.4 Implementation framework 159 8.3 Graph coloring 163 8.4 Knapsack problem 165 8.5 Conclusion 167 Chapter 9 Constrained BBO 169 9.1 Constrained optimization 170 9.2 Constraint-handling methods 172 9.2.1 Static penalty methods 172 9.2.2 Superiority of feasible points 173 9.2.3 The eclectic evolutionary algorithm 174 9.2.4 Dynamic penalty methods 174 9.2.5 Adaptive penalty methods 176 9.2.6 The niched-penalty approach 177 9.2.7 Stochastic ranking 178 9.2.8 ε-level comparisons 178 9.3 BBO for constrained optimization 179 9.4 Conclusion 185 Chapter 10 BBO in Noisy Environments 187 10.1 Noisy fitness functions 188 10.2 Influence of noise on BBO 190 10.3 BBO with re-sampling 193 10.4 The Kalman BBO 196 10.5 Experimental results 199 10.6 Conclusion 201 Chapter 11 Multi-objective BBO 203 11.1 Multi-objective optimization problems 204 11.2 Multi-objective BBO 211 11.2.1 Vector evaluated BBO 211 11.2.2 Non-dominated sorting BBO 213 11.2.3 Niched Pareto BBO 216 11.2.4 Strength Pareto BBO 218 11.3 Real-world applications 223 11.3.1 Warehouse scheduling model 223 11.3.2 Optimization of warehouse scheduling 229 11.4 Conclusion 231 Chapter 12 Hybrid BBO Algorithms 233 12.1 Opposition-based BBO 234 12.1.1 Opposition definitions and concepts 234 12.1.2 Oppositional BBO 236 12.1.3 Experimental results 238 12.2 BBO with local search 240 12.2.1 Local search methods 240 12.2.2 Simulation results 245 12.3 BBO with other EAs 247 12.3.1 Iteration-level hybridization 247 12.3.2 Algorithm-level hybridization 250 12.3.3 Experimental results 254 12.4 Conclusion 256 Appendices 259 Appendix A Unconstrained Benchmark Functions 261 Appendix B Constrained Benchmark Functions 265 Appendix C Multi-objective Benchmark Functions 289 Bibliography 309 Index 325

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to discern the contribution of Du Bois' work to criminology and criminal justice through a comprehensive review of his papers, articles and books. Beginning with reflections from his childhood, the author traces Du Bois' ideas on crime and justice throughout his life. This includes a unique analysis of Du Bois' experience as an object of the criminal justice system, a review of his FBI file, his 1951 trial and his pioneering social scientific research program at Atlanta University. The book illustrates the depth of Du Bois' interest in the field and reveals how he was a pioneer in key areas of criminology and criminal justice. The book contains five appendices which include four original papers written by Du Bois as well as maps from The Philadelphia Negro.Trade Review’This book provides an intelligent, engaging and unique evaluation of a pioneering scholar. By emphasising the significance of Du Bois’ work to contemporary criminology, Dr Gabbidon has ensured that his text is of considerable value to scholars not only in the USA but on a global level.’ Muzammil Quraishi, University of Salford, UK 'Part of Ashgate’s Interdisciplinary Research Series in Ethnic, Gender, and Class Relations, Shaun Gabbidon’s book on W. E. B. Du Bois and crime provides an original and innovative window into this little known area of Du Bois’s research and thought. Though a few other social scientists have briefly explored Du Bois’s criminological work, this is the first major overview book...Gabbidon provides much evidence, drawing on original sources, to back up his contention that Du Bois did important research on and theorizing about U.S. crime, especially as it affected Black Americans. He shows how in many ways Du Bois anticipated later theories of crime in Western criminology.' Criminal Law & Social ChangeTable of ContentsContents: Foreword; Series Editor's preface; Preface; Biographical sketch of W.E.B. Du Bois; Early statements on crime and justice; The Atlanta school of social scientific research; Later statements on crime and justice; W.E.B. Du Bois and the criminal justice system; Du Bois's place in American criminology; W.E.B. Du Bois on crime and justice: a modern-day application; Conclusion; Bibliography; Appendices; Index.

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Book SynopsisCities, War and Terrorism is the first book to look critically at the ways in which warfare, terrorism and counter-terrorism policies intersect in cities in the post Cold-War period. A path-breaking exploration of the intersections of war, terrorism and cities Argues that contemporary cities are the key strategic sites of geopolitical conflict Written by the world's leading analysts of the intersections of urban space and military and terrorist violence Draws on cutting-edge research from geography, history, architecture, planning, sociology, critical theory, politics, international relations and military studies Provides up-to-date empirical analyses of specific conflicts, including 9/11, the War on Terrorism, the Balkan wars, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and urban antiglobalization battles Offers lay readers a sophisticated perspective on the violence that is engulfing our increasingly urbanised worldTrade Review"This is a brilliant, disturbing book. Modern cities have often been seen as places of extraordinary creativity and creative destruction, but for this very reason they are also often sites of spectacular military and paramilitary violence. These essays unsettle so many taken-for-granted ways of thinking about cities. Their authors crouch and scurry along streets that, for too long, have seemed opaque to our political and intellectual imaginations. There is a tremendous power and urgency to their arguments that should be confronted by anyone concerned at the intimacy of the connections between cities, war and terrorism." Derek Gregory, University of British Columbia "Cities, War and Terrorism is a rare accomplishment. Bringing together a truly interdisciplinary group of authors, it provides the first, original investigation of the urbanisation of modern conflict. In their plural ways and myriad sites, the essays in this book investigate the changing nature of the contemporary battlespace and the implosion of distinctions between inside and outside, civilian and military. Together, they mark the beginning of a new and vital field of analysis – an urban geopolitics – that must concern us all." David Campbell, University of Durham "Acts of war and terror against cities and their inhabitants (both anti-state and state sanctioned) are saturating our contemporary world. Yet urban researchers are in denial of this starkest of contemporary urban realities. Graham brings together the renegade thinkers and researchers who are tracking the ways in which global geopolitics is imploding into the urban world. Cities, War and Terrorism is a stunningly successful synthesis of the subtle interpenetration of global geopolitics and the micro-politics of cities and neighborhoods. It marks the beginning of a new and crucial research domain: that of urban geopolitics. This book must, and will, change the way urban researchers and planners think about and explore city regions. It helps to make sense of the ways in which the historic functions of cities and nation states (social welfare, education, health, planning) are being overwhelmed by the imperative of 'security' and the politics of fear. Purposely provocative and deeply disturbing." Leonie Sandercock, University of British Columbia "Graham’s anger at the appropriation of the events of 9/11, simmering beneath the surface of his general introduction, contributes to a strong sense of editorial passion and involvement. This volume provides a fascinating, and immensely broad-ranging, call to understand the complex inter-relationships between geopolitical forces and those resilient urban lives." Totalitarian Movements and Political Religion, Volume 7 Issue 4 (December 2006) Table of ContentsList of Plates. List of Figures. List of Tables. List of Contributors. Series Editors' Preface. Preface. Introduction: Cities, Warfare, and States of Emergency: Stephen Graham (University of Durham). Part I: Cities, War and Terrorism in History and Theory. 1 Cities as Strategic Sites : Place Annihilation and Urban Geopolitics: Stephen Graham (University of Durham). 2 The City-as-Target, or Perpetuation and Death: Ryan Bishop and Gregory Clancey (National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore). 3 Shadow Architectures : War, Memories, and Berlin’s Futures: Simon Guy (University of Newcastle). 4 Another Anxious Urbanism: Simulating Defence and Disaster in Cold War America: Matthew Farish (University of Toronto). 5 Living (Occasionally Dying) Together in an Urban World: Zygmunt Bauman (University of Leeds and the University of Warsaw). 6 Everyday Techniques as Extraordinary Threats: Urban Technostructures and Nonplaces in Terrorist Actions: Timothy W. Luke (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia). Part II: Urbicide and the Urbanization of Warfare. 7 New Wars of the City : Relationships of 'Urbicide' and 'Genocide': Martin Shaw (University of Sussex). 8 Urbicide in Bosnia: Martin Coward (University of Sussex). 9 Strategic Points, Flexible Lines, Tense Surfaces and Political Volumes: Ariel Sharon and The Geometry of Occupation: Eyal Weizmann (an architect based in Tel Aviv and London). 10 Constructing Urbicide by Bulldozer in the Occupied Territories: Stephen Graham. 11 City Streets – The War Zones of Globalisation: Democracy and Military Operations in Urban Terrain in the Early 21st Century: Robert Warren (University of Delaware). 12 Continuity and Discontinuity : The Grammar of Urban Military Operations : Alice Hills (King’s College, London). Part III: Exposed Cities : Urban Impacts of Terrorism and the ‘War on Terror’. 13 Urban Warfare: A Tour of the Battlefield: Michael Sorkin (CCNY). 14 The “War on Terrorism” and Life in Cities after September 11, 2001: Peter Marcuse (Columbia University in New York City). 15 Recasting the ‘Ring of Steel’: Designing Out Terrorism in the City Of London? Jon Coaffee (University of Newcastle). 16 Technology vs. ‘Terrorism’: Circuits of City Surveillance Since September 11: David Lyon (Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario). 17 Urban Dimensions of the Punishment of Afghanistan by U.S. Bombs: Marc W. Herold (University of New Hampshire in Durham). Epilogue: Stephen Graham. Bibliography. Index

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Book SynopsisThis book gives a practical approach to modeling and analyzing communication protocols using UML 2. Network protocols are always presented with a point of view focusing on partial mechanisms and starting models. This book aims at giving the basis needed for anybody to model and validate their own protocols. It follows a practical approach and gives many examples for the description and analysis of well known basic network mechanisms for protocols. The book firstly shows how to describe and validate the main protocol issues (such as synchronization problems, client-server interactions, layer organization and behavior, etc.) in an easy and understandable way. To do so, the book considers and presents the main traditional network examples (e.g. unidirectional flows, full-duplex com-munication, error recovering, alternating bit). Finally, it presents the outputs resulting from a few simulations of these UML models. Other books usually only focus either on teaching UML or on analyzing network protocols, however this book will allow readers to model network protocols using a new perspective and integrating these two views, so facilitating their comprehension and development. Any university student studying in the field of computing science, or those working in telecommunications, embedded systems or networking will find this book a very useful addition.Trade Review"Students and engineers in computer science and related fields may find the material of interest." (Book News, 1 October 2011) Table of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1. Why Use UML to Model Network Protocols? 1 1.1. Modeling network protocols 1 1.2. UML as a common language 14 1.3. Chapter summary 28 1.4. Bibliography 28 Chapter 2. Simple Transmission 31 2.1. Introduction 31 2.2. Echo 31 2.3. Unidirectional: simple data sending 42 2.4. Full duplex: simple data sending 52 2.5. Chapter summary 73 2.6. Bibliography 73 Chapter 3. Simple Chat Application 75 3.1. Introduction 75 3.2. Requirements 75 3.3. Analysis 76 3.4. Architecture design 88 3.5. Detailed design 89 3.6. Simple chat simulation 101 3.7. Chapter summary 130 3.8. Bibliography 131 Chapter 4. Non-reliable Transmission Mediums 133 4.1. Introduction 133 4.2. Requirements 134 4.3. Analysis 135 4.4. Architecture design 147 4.5. Detailed design 150 4.6. Validation 160 4.7. Chapter summary 179 4.8. Bibliography 179 Chapter 5. Simple Transport Protocol 181 5.1. Introduction 181 5.2. Requirements 182 5.3. The Alternating Bit Protocol 182 5.4. Analysis 191 5.5. Architecture design 200 5.6. Detailed design 204 5.7. Simulations 217 5.8. Further considerations 235 5.9. Chapter summary 238 5.10. Bibliography 239 Appendix. Detailed Diagrams of the Simple Transport Protocol 241 A.1. State machines for the Application Data Unit Manager (Simple Transport Protocol) 242 A.2. Detailed simulations of the Simple Transport Protocol 245 Index 259

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Book Synopsis1. Introduction to Modern C++23.- 2. Components of an Object-Oriented C++ Program.- 3. Option Payoff Hierarchies in C++.- 4. Generic Programming and Template Classes in C++.- 5. Introduction to the Standard Template Library (STL) in C++23.- 6. Function Objects in C++.- 7. Matrix Classes for Quantitative Finance.- 8. Numerical Linear Algebra in C++.- 9. Black Scholes and Pricing Fundamentals.- 10. Calculating the Greeks.- 11. European Options with Monte Carlo Simulation.- 12. Binomial and Trinomial Trees.- 13. Finite Difference Methods.- 14. Asian/Path-Dependent Options with Monte Carlo.- 15. Exotic Options.- 16. Implied Volatility.- 17. Stochastic Volatility.- 18. Random Number Generation and Statistical Distributions.- 19. Jump-Diffusion Models.- 20. Single Factor Interest Rate Models.- 21. Tree Building Procedures: BDT, Hull White Tree, Lognormal (Hull-White), Vasicek Cox-Ingersoll-Ross.- 22. Bermudan and Exotic Interest Rate Derivatives.- 23. Single Factor Black-Scholes with Finite Difference Methods.- 24. Two-Factor Models and the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Model.

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Book SynopsisThe finite element method is the most powerful general-purpose technique for computing accurate solutions to partial differential equations. This book contains a thorough derivation of the finite element equations as well as sections on programming the necessary calculations, solving the finite element equations, and using a posteriori error estimates to produce validated solutions. Accessible introductions to advanced topics, such as multigrid solvers, the hierarchical basis conjugate gradient method, and adaptive mesh generation, are provided. Each chapter ends with exercises to help readers master these topics. The book is practical in nature. It includes a carefully documented collection of MATLAB programs implementing the ideas presented. Readers will benefit from a detailed explanation of data structures and specific coding strategies and will learn how to write a finite element code from scratch. Students can use the MATLAB codes to experiment with the method and extend them in

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Book SynopsisRFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology allows for automatic identification of information contained in a tag by scanning and interrogation using radio frequency (RF) waves. An RFID tag contains an antenna and a microchip that allows it to transmit and receive. This technology is a possible alternative to the use of barcodes, which are frequently inadequate in the face of rapid growth in the scale and complexity of just-in-time inventory requirements, regional and international trade, and emerging new methods of trade based on it. Use of RFID tags will likely eventually become as widespread as barcodes today. This book describes the technologies used for implementation of RFID: from hardware, communication protocols, cryptography, to applications (including electronic product codes, or EPC) and middleware. The five parts of this book will provide the reader with a detailed description of all the elements that make up a RFID system today, including hot topics such as the privacy concerns, and the Internet of Things.Table of ContentsForeword xi Guy Pujolle Part One: Physics of RFID 1 Chapter 1. Introduction 3 Simon Elrharbi, Stefan Barbu 1.1. Bibliography 5 Chapter 2. Characteristics of RFID Radio Signals 7 Simon Elrharbi, Stefan Barbu 2.1. Description and operating principle of RFID systems 7 2.2. Transmission channel 19 2.3. First level electric model in inductive coupling 31 2.4. Bibliography 55 Chapter 3. RFID Communication Modes 57 Simon Elrharbi, Stefan Barbu 3.1. Communication modes 57 3.2. Bibliography 68 Part Two: RFID Applications 69 Chapter 4. Applications 71 François Lecocq, Cyrille Pépin 4.1. Introduction 71 4.2. History: evolution from barcodes to RFID tags 72 4.3. RFID tags 83 4.4. Normalization/standardization 89 4.5. Advantages/disadvantages of RFID tags 98 4.6. Description of RFID applications 102 4.7. Application examples 103 4.8. Conclusion 109 4.9. Bibliography 111 Part Three: Cryptography of RFID 113 Chapter 5. Cryptography and RFID 115 Julien Bringer, Hervé Chabanne, Thomas Icart, Thanh-Ha Le 5.1. Introduction 115 5.2. Identification protocols and security models 116 5.3. Identification protocols 121 5.4. Conclusion. Physical attacks on RFID devices 141 5.5. Bibliography 144 Part Four: EPCglobal 151 Chapter 6. EPCglobal Network 153 Dorice Nyamy, Mathieu Bouet, Daniel de Oliveira Cunha, Vincent Guyot 6.1. Introduction 153 6.2. Tags 154 6.3. EPCglobal architecture 164 6.4. Conclusion 179 6.5. Bibliography 180 Part Five: Middleware 183 Chapter 7. Middleware for the Internet of Things: Principles 185 David Durand, Yann Iagolnitzer, Patrice Krzanik, Christophe Loge, Jean-Ferdinand Susini 7.1. Distributed applications 187 7.2. RPC: Remote Procedure Call 188 7.3. Object-oriented middlewares 189 7.4. Summary of object-oriented middleware architectures 195 7.5. The XML revolution 199 7.6. Middleware for the Internet of Things 208 7.7. Conclusion 213 7.8. Bibliography 213 Chapter 8. Middleware for the Internet of Things: Standards 217 Yann Iagolnitzer, Patrice Krzanik, Jean-Ferdinand Susini 8.1. EPCglobal application environment 218 8.2. General introduction to message-oriented middleware 219 8.3. Service-oriented middleware 231 8.4. Conclusion 242 8.5. Bibliography 242 Chapter 9. Middleware for the Internet of Things: Some Solutions 245 Yann Iagolnitzer, Patrice Krzanik, Jean-Ferdinand Susini 9.1. EPCglobal and SUN Java RFID software 246 9.2. .NET and RFID services platform 250 9.3. IBM Websphere RFID Suite 256 9.4. Singularity 258 9.5. Middleware for embedded systems 260 9.6. ObjectWeb projects and the Internet of Things 265 9.7. Conclusion 276 9.8. Bibliography 276 List of Authors 279 Index 283

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Book SynopsisGives the reader the ability to set up a proper test environment and conduct software performance and scalability tests. Uses many examples showing software performance problems and applicable solutions. Contains a number of case studies to assist the reader with comprehending all aspects of software performance and scalability.Table of ContentsPREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxi Introduction 1 Performance versus Scalability 1 PART 1 THE BASICS 3 1. Hardware Platform 5 1.1 Turing Machine 6 1.2 von Neumann Machine 7 1.3 Zuse Machine 8 1.4 Intel Machine 9 1.5 Sun Machine 17 1.6 System Under Test 18 1.7 Odds Against Turing 30 1.8 Sizing Hardware 35 1.9 Summary 37 2. Software Platform 41 2.1 Software Stack 42 2.2 APIs 44 2.3 Multithreading 47 2.4 Categorizing Software 535 2.5 Enterprise Computing 55 2.6 Summary 63 3. Testing Software Performance and Scalability 65 3.1 Scope of Software Performance and Scalability Testing 67 3.2 Software Development Process 83 3.3 Defining Software Performance 86 3.4 Stochastic Nature of Software Performance Measurements 95 3.5 Amdahl’s Law 97 3.6 Software Performance and Scalability Factors 99 3.7 System Performance Counters 111 3.8 Software Performance Data Principles 129 3.9 Summary 131 PART 2 APPLYING QUEUING THEORY 135 4. Introduction to Queuing Theory 137 4.1 Queuing Concepts and Metrics 139 4.2 Introduction to Probability Theory 143 4.3 Applying Probability Theory to Queuing Systems 145 4.4 Queuing Models for Networked Queuing Systems 153 4.5 Summary 172 5. Case Study I: Queuing Theory Applied to SOA 177 5.1 Introduction to SOA 178 5.2 XML Web Services 179 5.3 The Analytical Model 181 5.4 Service Demand 183 5.5 MedRec Application 188 5.6 MedRec Deployment and Test Scenario 189 5.7 Test Results 191 5.8 Comparing the Model with the Measurements 198 5.9 Validity of the SOA Performance Model 200 5.10 Summary 200 6. Case Study II: Queuing Theory Applied to Optimizing and Tuning Software Performance and Scalability 205 6.1 Analyzing Software Performance and Scalability 207 6.2 Effective Optimization and Tuning Techniques 220 6.3 Balanced Queuing System 240 6.4 Summary 244 PART 3 APPLYING API PROFILING 249 7. Defining API Profiling Framework 251 7.1 Defense Lines Against Software Performance and Scalability Defects 252 7.2 Software Program Execution Stack 253 7.3 The PerfBasic API Profiling Framework 254 7.4 Summary 260 8. Enabling API Profiling Framework 263 8.1 Overall Structure 264 8.2 Global Parameters 265 8.3 Main Logic 266 8.4 Processing Files 266 8.5 Enabling Profiling 267 8.6 Processing Inner Classes 270 8.7 Processing Comments 271 8.8 Processing Method Begin 272 8.9 Processing Return Statements 274 8.10 Processing Method End 275 8.11 Processing Main Method 276 8.12 Test Program 277 8.13 Summary 279 9. Implementing API Profiling Framework 281 9.1 Graphics Tool—dot 281 9.2 Graphics Tool—ILOG 284 9.3 Graphics Resolution 286 9.4 Implementation 287 9.5 Summary 300 10. Case Study: Applying API Profiling to Solving Software Performance and Scalability Challenges 303 10.1 Enabling API Profiling 304 10.2 API Profiling with Standard Logs 313 10.3 API Profiling with Custom Logs 320 10.4 API Profiling with Combo Logs 325 10.5 Applying API Profiling to Solving Performance and Scalability Problems 333 10.6 Summary 337 APPENDIX A STOCHASTIC EQUILIBRIUM AND ERGODICITY 339 A.1 Basic Concepts 339 A.2 Classification of Random Processes 343 A.3 Discrete-Time Markov Chains 345 A.4 Continuous-Time Markov Chains 349 A.5 Stochastic Equilibrium and Ergodicity 351 A.6 Birth–Death Chains 357 APPENDIX B MEMORYLESS PROPERTY OF THE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION 361 APPENDIX C M/M/1 QUEUES AT STEADY STATE 363 C.1 Review of Birth–Death Chains 363 C.2 Utilization and Throughput 364 C.3 Average Queue Length in the System 365 C.4 Average System Time 365 C.5 Average Wait Time 366 INDEX 367

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Book SynopsisIn the automotive and aerospace industries, the need for strong yet light materials has given rise to extensive research into aluminum and magnesium alloys and formable titanium alloys. All of these are categorized as light weight materials. The distinguishing feature of light weight materials is that they are low density, but they have a wide range of properties and, as a result, a wide range of applications. This book provides researchers and students with an overview of the recent advancements in light weight material processing, manufacturing and characterization. It contains chapters by eminent researchers on topics associated with light weight materials, including on the current buzzword “composite materials”. First, this book describes the current status of light weight materials. Then, it studies applications of these materials, given that, as the densities vary, so do the applications, ranging from automobiles and aviation to bio-mechatronics. This book will therefore serve as an excellent guide to this field.Table of ContentsPreface xi Part 1 Manufacturing Processing Techniques 1 Chapter 1 Additive Manufacturing: Technology, Materials and Applications in Aerospace 3 Veeman DHINAKARAN, Mahesh VARSHA SHREE, Thimmaiah JAGADEESHA and Madabushi SWAPNA SAI 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Additive manufacturing configuration 5 1.3 Classification of AM technology 6 1.3.1 Laser beam melting 6 1.3.2 Electron beam melting 7 1.3.3 Selective laser melting 8 1.3.4 Direct metal laser sintering 9 1.3.5 Laser metal fusion 10 1.3.6 Direct metal deposition 11 1.4 Materials used in AM technology 12 1.4.1 Titanium and its alloys 13 1.4.2 Inconel 13 1.4.3 Aluminum 14 1.4.4 Stainless steel 15 1.5 Aerospace applications of additive manufacturing 15 1.6 Challenges faced in the aerospace industry 17 1.7 Overcoming aerospace challenges with AM 17 1.8 Future work 17 1.9 Conclusion 18 1.10 References 18 1.11 Key terms and definitions 21 Chapter 2 Study of the Manufacturing Process of Polymer Spur Gears: A Light Weight Gear Material 23 Jitendra Kumar KATIYAR and Hemalata JENA 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Gear manufacturing process 25 2.2.1 Gear hobbing machine 26 2.2.2 Injection molding 27 2.3 Additive manufacturing/rapid prototyping 31 2.4 Laser ablation 32 2.5 Hot embossing 33 2.6 Conclusion 34 2.7 References 35 Chapter 3 Recent Trends in Welding Polymers and Polymer–Metal Hybrid Structures 39 Jinesh Kumar JAIN and Pankaj SONIA 3.1 Introduction 40 3.2 Polymer and composites 41 3.3 Polymerization 42 3.4 Synthesis of polymer composites 45 3.5 Types of fillers in composites 48 3.5.1 Effect of reinforcement orientation 51 3.6 Welding polymers 51 3.7 Introduction of lightweight metal and alloys 53 3.7.1 Magnesium alloys 53 3.7.2 Aluminum alloys 59 3.8 Welding dissimilar metal alloys 61 3.8.1 Friction stir welding 61 3.8.2 Welding polymer and metal alloys 62 3.9 Industrial application of polymers 64 3.10 Conclusion 66 3.11 References 67 Part 2 Characterization 73 Chapter 4 Preparation and Characterization of a Composite Material Using Sisal fibers for Light Body Vehicles 75 Zewdie ALEMAYEHU, Ramesh Babu NALLAMOTHU, Mekonnen LİBEN, Seshu Kishan NALLAMOTHU and Anantha Kamal NALLAMOTHU 4.1 Introduction 76 4.1.1 Statement of the problem 76 4.1.2 General objective 77 4.1.3 Specific objectives 77 4.1.4 Significance of the study 77 4.2 Literature review 78 4.2.1 Introduction 78 4.2.2 Previous works on natural fiber polymer composites 78 4.3 Materials and methods 79 4.3.1 Sample preparation methods 80 4.4 Results and discussion 90 4.4.1 Experimental results 90 4.4.2 Observation 103 4.5 Comparison of previous works 106 4.5.1 Tensile strength 106 4.5.2 Bending strength 106 4.6 Conclusion and recommendation 107 4.6.1 Recommendations for prospective applications 108 4.6.2 Scope for future work 108 4.7 References 109 Chapter 5 Optimizing the Polystyrene Catalytic Cracking Process Using Response Surface Methodology 111 Selvaganapathy THAMBIYAPILLAI, Muthuvelayudham RAMANUJAM and Jayakumar MANI 5.1 Introduction 112 5.2 Material and methods 114 5.2.1 Materials 114 5.2.2 Experimental procedure and characterization 116 5.2.3 Design of catalytic cracking experiment using response surface methodology 118 5.3 Results and discussion 119 5.3.1 Thermal analysis of polystyrene 119 5.3.2 SEM-EDX analysis 120 5.3.3 Model development for catalytic cracking of polystyrene 124 5.3.4 Combined effect of process parameters on the response (Y) 128 5.3.5 Characterization of liquid yield 133 5.3.6 Factors affecting catalytic cracking of polystyrene 136 5.4 Conclusion 139 5.5 References 140 Part 3 Analysis 143 Chapter 6 FEA Comparative Studies on Heat Flux and Thermal Stress Analysis during Conduction Mode and Keyhole Mode in the Laser Beam Welding 145 Harinadh VEMANABOINA, Suresh AKELLA and Ramesh Kumar BUDDU 6.1 Introduction 145 6.2 Heat in laser welding 146 6.3 Modeling 148 6.4 Results and discussion 149 6.4.1 Keyhole model 149 6.4.2 Conduction model 152 6.5 Conclusion 155 6.6 References 156 Chapter 7 Effect of Formability Parameters on Tailor-Welded Blanks of Light Weight Materials 159 Dappu DEEPIKA, Akkireddy Anitha LAKSHMI, Tanya BUDDI and Chalamalasetti Srinivas RAO 7.1 Introduction 159 7.2 Experimental procedure 161 7.3 Results and discussion 169 7.4 Conclusion 189 7.5 References 192 Chapter 8 Design and Analysis of Sedan Car B-pillar Outer Panel Using Abirbara with S-glass Fiber Hybrid Composites 197 Ramesh Babu NALLAMOTHU, Melkamu Yigrem YIHUNIE, Anantha Kamal NALLAMOTHU and Seshu Kishan NALLAMOTHU 8.1 Introduction 198 8.2 Materials and methods 202 8.2.1 Materials 202 8.2.2 Methods 206 8.3 Composite preparation, testing and analysis 207 8.3.1 Composite preparation 207 8.3.2 Testing and analysis 210 8.4 Design analysis of the B-pillar panel 214 8.5 Conclusion 219 8.6 Recommendations 220 8.7 Acknowledgments 220 8.8 References 221 List of Authors 223 Index 227

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Book SynopsisNetworks of Outrage and Hope is an exploration of the new forms of social movements and protests that are erupting in the world today, from the Arab uprisings to the indignadas movement in Spain, from the Occupy Wall Street movement to the social protests in Turkey, Brazil and elsewhere.Trade Review�A thousand words are too few to cover the riches of this incredibly timely account of contemporary movements.� American Journal of Sociology�A must for those who are interested in how social movements communicate in the network society to realize changes of value in society.�International Journal of Public Opinion Research"This is a well-argued and lively book that will be of great interest to anyone looking for an introduction to either post-2010 social movements or Castells' work."Political Studies Review Table of ContentsPreface 2015 ix Acknowledgments 2012 xiv Opening: Networking Minds, Creating Meaning, Contesting Power 1 Prelude to Revolution: Where it All Started 20 Tunisia: “The Revolution of Liberty and Dignity” 22 Iceland’s Kitchenware Revolution: From financial collapse to crowdsourcing a new (failed) constitution 31 Southern wind, northern wind: Cross-cultural levers of social change 45 The Egyptian Revolution 54 Space of flows and space of places in the Egyptian Revolution 57 State’s response to an Internet-facilitated revolution: The great disconnection 62 Who were the protesters, and what was the protest? 67 Women in revolution 71 The Islamic question 74 “The revolution will continue” 77 Understanding the Egyptian Revolution 79 Dignity, Violence, Geopolitics: The Arab Uprising and Its Demise 95 Violence and the state 99 A digital revolution? 105 Post-Scriptum 2014 109 A Rhizomatic Revolution: Indignadas in Spain 113 A self-mediated movement 119 What did/do the indignadas want? 125 The discourse of the movement 128 Reinventing democracy in practice: An assemblyled, leaderless movement 131 From deliberation to action: The question of violence 136 A political movement against the political system 139 A rhizomatic revolution 143 Occupy Wall Street: Harvesting the Salt of the Earth 159 The outrage, the thunder, the spark 159 The prairie on fire 165 A networked movement 174 Direct democracy in practice 181 A non-demand movement: “The process is the message” 187 Violence against a non-violent movement 191 What did the movement achieve? 194 The salt of the Earth 200 Networked Social Movements: A Global Trend? 220 Overview 220 The clash between old and new Turkey, Gezi Park, June 2013 227 Challenging the development model, denouncing political corruption: Brazil, 2013–14 230 Beyond neoliberalism: Student movement in Chile, 2011–13 237 Undoing the media-state complex: Mexico’s #YoSoy132 239 Networked social movements and social protests 242 Changing the World in the Network Society 246 Networked social movements: An emerging pattern 249 Internet and the culture of autonomy 256 Networked social movements and reform politics: An impossible love? 262 Networked Social Movements and Political Change 272 Overview 272 Crisis of legitimacy and political change: A global perspective 274 Challenging the failure of Italian parliamentary democracy from the inside: Beppe Grillo and hisFive Stars Movement 277 The effects of networked social movements on the political system 284 Occupying minds, not the state: Post-Occupy blues in the US 284 The streets, the Presidenta, and the would-be Presidenta: Popular protests and presidentialelections in Brazil 286 The political schizophrenia of Turkish society: Secular movements and Islamist politics 294 Reinventing politics, upsetting bipartisan hegemony: Podemos in Spain 296 Levers of political change? 308 Beyond Outrage, Hope: The Life and Death of Networked Social Movements 314 Appendix to Changing the World in the Network Society 317 Public opinion in selected countries toward Occupy and similar movements 317 Attitudes of citizens toward governments, political and financial institutions in the United States,European Union, and the world at large 318 Preface 2015

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Book SynopsisConnecting theory with numerical techniques using MATLAB, this practical textbook equips students with the tools required to solve finite element problems. This hands-on guide covers a wide range of engineering problems through nine well-structured chapters including solid mechanics, heat transfer and fluid dynamics; equilibrium, steady state and transient; and 1-D, 2-D and 3-D problems. Engineering problems are discussed using case study examples, which are solved using a systematic approach, both by examining the steps manually and by implementing a complete MATLABcode. This topical coverage is supplemented by discourse on meshing with a detailed explanation and implementation of 2-D meshing algorithms. Introducing theory and numerical techniques alongside comprehensive examples this text increases engagement and provides students with the confidence needed to implement their own computer codes to solve given problems.Trade Review'From one of the experts in the field, this book on the finite element method is a comprehensive and thorough guide for graduate and senior undergraduate students. The book is engaging not just in content but also in delivery. Its focus on step-by-step explanation and implementation is particularly useful for helping students to connect the theory and practice. The reusable MATLAB® functions and programs that are integrated with the theoretical content reinforce the important components of FEA and provide a unique learning experience. Detailed description of numerical analysis and meshing techniques is also a major plus since these topics are barely covered in existing FEA textbooks. This introductory FEA book is suitable for students of all engineering majors.' Narayana Aluru, University of Illinois'An enormously accessible, didactic, and comprehensive text treating key engineering topics and providing the reader with the necessary elements of linear algebra, numerical methods, and meshing techniques, as well as numerous programming examples using MATLAB®. Professor Li's book can be used by teachers in the classroom for final-year undergraduate and graduate students, and by anyone else interested in learning the theory and computational implementation of the finite element method.' Gabriel Potirniche, University of IdahoTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Mathematical preliminaries; 3. Numerical analysis methods; 4. General procedure of FEA for linear static analysis: 1-D problems; 5. FEA for multi-dimensional scalar field problems; 6. Mesh generation; 7. FEA for multi-dimensional vector field problems; 8. Structural elements; 9. FEA for linear time-dependent analysis; Index.

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Book SynopsisChanges in information structures and requirements demand that libraries and library science redefine their positions. They must face new challenges and present definite perspectives in the form of research goals and pilot schemes. 31 original contributions by distinguished German, American, Scandinavian, Dutch and Swiss authors shed light on the following subjects: · Library science between tradition, self-conception and public perception · Library science in the age of digital media · Library science in the service of society · Library science in the service of scientific information and communication · Library science in the service of practical librarianship · Library science in teaching, studying and profession Among the issues dealt with, are the following: electronic publishing, eLearning and information ethics, the 'Open Access' debate, conveying information competence to (not only) universities, reciprocation between the economy, politics and libraries, and finally, library science training in view of librarianship in practice. The contributions are written in either German or English, depending on the author's origins. The appendix contains abstracts in English as well as an extensive bilingual index of authors. Bibliothekswissenschaft - quo vadis? Addresses librarians, information scientists, information documentalists, academics and students of all disciplines - all who create, collect, bundle, process, mediate, or prepare for use professional information.

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Book SynopsisAnt colony optimization is a metaheuristic which has been successfully applied to a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems. The author describes this metaheuristic and studies its efficiency for solving some hard combinatorial problems, with a specific focus on constraint programming. The text is organized into three parts. The first part introduces constraint programming, which provides high level features to declaratively model problems by means of constraints. It describes the main existing approaches for solving constraint satisfaction problems, including complete tree search approaches and metaheuristics, and shows how they can be integrated within constraint programming languages. The second part describes the ant colony optimization metaheuristic and illustrates its capabilities on different constraint satisfaction problems. The third part shows how the ant colony may be integrated within a constraint programming language, thus combining the expressive power of constraint programming languages, to describe problems in a declarative way, and the solving power of ant colony optimization to efficiently solve these problems.Trade Review"In this volume, Solnon (U. of Lyon, France) introduces ant colony optimization and its application to a range of combinatorial problems, with a focus on constraint programming." (Book News, September 2010) Table of ContentsForeword xi Acknowledgements xiii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Overview of the book 2 Chapter 2. Computational Complexity 7 2.1. Complexity of an algorithm 8 2.2. Complexity of a problem 10 2.3. Where the most difficult instances can be found 15 2.4. Solving NP-hard problems in practice 21 PART I. CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING 27 Introduction to Part I 29 Chapter 3. Constraint Satisfaction Problems 31 3.1. What is a constraint? 31 3.2. What is a constraint satisfaction problem? 33 3.3. Optimization problems related to CSPs 35 3.4. The n-queens problem 37 3.5. The stable marriage problem 43 3.6. Randomly generated binary CSPs 46 3.7. The car sequencing problem 47 3.8. Discussion 50 Chapter 4. Exact Approaches 53 4.1. Construction of a search tree 53 4.2. Constraint propagation 57 4.3. Ordering heuristics 60 4.4. From satisfaction to optimization problems 63 4.5. Discussion 65 Chapter 5. Perturbative Heuristic Approaches 69 5.1. Genetic algorithms 70 5.2. Local search 73 5.3. Particle swarm optimization 78 5.4. Discussion 80 Chapter 6. Constructive Heuristic Approaches 85 6.1. Greedy randomized approaches 86 6.2. Estimation of distribution algorithms 88 6.3. Ant colony optimization 90 6.4. Discussion 91 Chapter 7. Constraint Programming Languages 93 7.1. Constraint logic programming 94 7.2. Constraint programming libraries 96 7.3. Constraint-based local search 96 7.4. Discussion 99 PART II. ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION 101 Introduction to Part II 103 Chapter 8. From Swarm Intelligence to Ant Colony Optimization 105 8.1. Complex systems and swarm intelligence 106 8.2. Searching for shortest paths by ant colonies 108 8.3. Ant system and the traveling salesman problem 111 8.4. Generic ACO framework 116 Chapter 9. Intensification versus Diversification 125 9.1. ACO mechanisms for intensifying the search 125 9.2. ACO mechanisms for diversifying the search 127 9.3. Balancing intensification and diversification 128 9.4. Measures of diversification/intensification 135 Chapter 10. Beyond Static Combinatorial Problems 141 10.1. Multi-objective problems 141 10.2. Dynamic optimization problems 145 10.3. Optimization problems over continuous domains 147 Chapter 11. Implementation Issues 151 11.1. Data structures 151 11.2. Selection of a component with respect to probabilities 154 11.3. Implementation of a local search procedure 157 11.4. Computation of diversification/intensification measures 157 PART III. CP WITH ACO 161 Introduction to Part III 163 Chapter 12. Sequencing Cars with ACO 165 12.1. Notation 165 12.2. A first pheromone structure for identifying good car sequences 166 12.3. A second pheromone structure for identifying critical cars 171 12.4. Combining the two pheromone structures 173 12.5. Comparison of the different ACO algorithms 174 12.6. Comparison of ACO with state-of-the-art approaches 178 12.7. Discussion 182 Chapter 13. Subset Selection with ACO 185 13.1. Subset selection problems 186 13.2. Description of Ant-SSP 189 13.3. Instantiations of Ant-SSP with respect to two pheromone strategies 192 13.4. Instantiation of Ant-SSP to solve CSPs 196 13.5. Experimental results 197 13.6. Discussion 202 Chapter 14. Integration of ACO in a CP Language 205 14.1. Framework for integrating ACO within a CP library 206 14.2. Illustration of ACO-CP on the car sequencing problem 210 14.3. Discussion 214 Chapter 15. Conclusion 215 15.1. Towards constraint-based ACO search 215 15.2. Towards a reactive ACO search 216 Bibliography 219 Index 231

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Book SynopsisBuilding on the NLP model of personally and meta programmes, this text focuses not on what people are but how they function.Trade Review"Unique... an outstanding contribution to this area which lies at the heart of NLP." - Wyatt Woodsmall Ph.D.

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Book SynopsisSince the early 70's, mixed finite elements have been the object of a wide and deep study by the mathematical and engineering communities. The fundamental role of this method for many application fields has been worldwide recognized and its use has been introduced in several commercial codes. An important feature of mixed finite elements is the interplay between theory and application. Discretization spaces for mixed schemes require suitable compatibilities, so that simple minded approximations generally do not work and the design of appropriate stabilizations gives rise to challenging mathematical problems. This volume collects the lecture notes of a C.I.M.E. course held in Summer 2006, when some of the most world recognized experts in the field reviewed the rigorous setting of mixed finite elements and revisited it after more than 30 years of practice. Applications, in this volume, range from traditional ones, like fluid-dynamics or elasticity, to more recent and active fields, like electromagnetism.Table of ContentsMixed Finite Element Methods.- Finite Elements for the Stokes Problem.- Polynomial Exact Sequences and Projection-Based Interpolation with Application to Maxwell Equations.- Finite Element Methods for Linear Elasticity.- Finite Elements for the Reissner–Mindlin Plate.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about the rise of digital labor. Companies like Uber and Amazon Mechanical Turk promise autonomy, choice, and flexibility. One of network culture''s toughest critics, Trebor Scholz chronicles the work of workers in the sharing economy, and the free labor on sites like Facebook, to take these myths apart. In this rich, accessible, and provocative book, Scholz exposes the uncaring reality of contingent digital work, which is thriving at the expense of employment and worker rights. The book is meant to inspire readers to join the growing number of worker-owned platform cooperatives, rethink unions, and build a better future of work. A call to action, loud and clear, Uberworked and Underpaid shows that it is time to stop wage theft and crowd fleecing, rethink wealth distribution, and address the urgent question of how digital labor should be regulated and how workers from Berlin, Barcelona, Seattle, and São Paulo can act in solidarity to defendTrade Review�Bringing together the rich and long tradition of cooperativism and worker self-management with the digital economy of the 21st century, Scholz's timely and groundbreaking new book provides both in-depth analysis and practical steps to make the Internet economy truly work for all who most rely on it.� Zeynep Tufekci, writer at The New York Times, Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, professor The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill �Trebor Scholz has written a unsparing and bracing critique of platform capitalism. Moreover, he's developed a blueprint for transcending it: a tough-minded platform cooperativism that eschews the utopianism of �sharing economy� bromides. Anyone concerned about the future of work should read this book.� Frank Pasquale, author of The Black Box Society �Based on years of research and cooperation, Uberworked and Underpaid passionately and sharply tracks down the dark side of the �sharing economy,� that is the reduction of labor to a cheap and disposable commodity, without protections or benefits. Against such hyper-precarization, Scholz believes in the possibility of autonomous self-organization of digital work. Posing platform cooperativism against crowd fleecing and the on-demand service economy, Scholz's book is an invaluable contribution to a much needed reinvention of a socialism for the 21st century.� Tiziana Terranova, author of Network Culture. Politics for the Information Age �Scholz authoritatively and convincingly outlines how the �sharing economy� is set up to disempower workers in every segment of the economy; in every corner of the world. But this hopeful book shows us that our current path is far from inevitable. Platform cooperativism is about envisioning an alternative, and Scholz offers us a powerful roadmap to get us there.� Mark Graham, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford �Uberworked is not only a mesmerizing reveal of the Dickensian state of digital labor, but offers a visionary and human alternative: the platform cooperative. Scholz, a scholar-activist at the forefront of a movement to transform technologies of domination into tools of social justice, has produced its essential manifesto.� Juliet Schor, author of The Overworked American "A valuable, accessible analysis." Times Higher EducationTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Why Digital Labor Now? Chapter 1: Black Box Labor and the Creative Wrecking of Employment Chapter 2: Play at Work Chapter 3: Defining Digital Labor Chapter 4: Crowd Fleecing Chapter 5: On Motivations Conclusion i. Confronting the Legal Gray Zones of Digital Labor ii. On Tactical Refusal, Defection, and Withdrawal from Data Labor iii. Think Outside the Boss: Platform Cooperativism for the Sharing Economy Epilogue Notes Index

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Book SynopsisIn todayâs world, where intelligent technologies are deeply transforming human-computer interaction and virtual reality, multi-modal human modeling, analysis and synthesis have become central topics in computer vision. As application scenarios grow increasingly complex, new technologies continue to emerge to address these challenges. These techniques demand systematic summarization and practical guidance.To meet this need, Multi-Modal Human Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis aims to adopt a structured perspective, building a comprehensive technical framework for multi-modal human modeling, analysis and synthesisâprogressing from local details to holistic perspectives, and from face features to body dynamics.This book begins by examining the anatomy structures and characteristics of human faces and bodies, then analyzes how traditional methods and deep learning approaches provide robust optimization solutions for modeling. For example, it explores how to address challenges in face recognition caused by lighting changes, occlusions, face expressions and aging, as well as methods for body localization, reconstruction, recognition and anomaly detection in multi-modal scenarios. It also explains how multi-modal data can drive realistic face and body synthesis. A standout feature is its focus on Huaweiâs MindSpore framework, bridging the gap between algorithms and engineering through practical case studies. From building face detection and recognition pipelines with the MindSpore toolkit to accelerating model training via automatic parallel computing, and solving large language model (LLM) training challenges, each step is supported by reproducible code and design logic.Designed for researchers and engineers in computer vision and AI, this book balances theoretical foundations with industry-ready technical details. Whether you aim to enhance the reliability of biometric recognition, explore creative possibilities in virtual-real interactions or optimize the deployment of deep learning frameworks, this guide serves as an essential link between academic advancements and real-world applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the Jihad movement that created the largest African state of the 19th century: the Sokoto Caliphate, existing for 99 years from 1804 until its military defeat by European colonial troops in 1903. The author carves out the entanglements of jihadist ideology and warfare with geographical concepts at Africa’s periphery of the Islamic world: geographical knowledge about the boundary between the “Land of Islam” and the “Land of War”; the pre-colonial construction of “the Muslim” and “the unbeliever”; and the transfer of ideas between political elites and mobile actors (traders, pilgrims, slaves, soldiers), whose reports helped shape new definitions of the African frontier of Islam. Research for this book is based on the study of a very wide range of Arabic and West African (Hausa, Fulfulde) manuscripts. Their policies reveal the persistent reciprocity of jihadist warfare and territorial statehood, of Africa and the Middle East. Stephanie Zehnle is Assistant Professor (JProf) of Extra-European History at Kiel University (Christian-Albrechts-Universität). Her work on African and trans-continental history includes research on the history of Islam, human-animal relations, and comics in Africa.

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Book Synopsis With the idea of “deep learning” having now become the key to this new generation of solutions, major technological players in the business intelligence sector have taken an interest in the application of Big Data. In this book, the author explores the recent technological advances associated with digitized data flows, which have recently opened up new horizons for AI. The reader will gain insight into some of the areas of application of Big Data in AI, including robotics, home automation, health, security, image recognition and natural language processing. Table of ContentsList of Figures ix Preface xiii Introduction xxi Chapter 1. What is Intelligence? 1 1.1. Intelligence 1 1.2. Business Intelligence 2 1.3. Artificial Intelligence 5 1.4. How BI has developed 6 1.4.1. BI 1.0 7 1.4.2. BI 2.0 8 1.4.3. And beyond 11 Chapter 2. Digital Learning 13 2.1. What is learning? 13 2.2. Digital learning 14 2.3. The Internet has changed the game 16 2.4. Big Data and the Internet of Things will reshuffle the cards 18 2.5. Artificial Intelligence linked to Big Data will undoubtedly be the keystone of digital learning 21 2.6. Supervised learning 22 2.7. Enhanced supervised learning 24 2.8. Unsupervised learning 28 Chapter 3. The Reign of Algorithms 33 3.1. What is an algorithm? 34 3.2. A brief history of AI 34 3.2.1. Between the 1940s and 1950s 35 3.2.2. Beginning of the 1960s 36 3.2.3. The 1970s 37 3.2.4. The 1980s 37 3.2.5. The 1990s 38 3.2.6. The 2000s 38 3.3. Algorithms are based on neural networks, but what does this mean? 39 3.4. Why do Big Data and AI work so well together? 42 Chapter 4. Uses for Artificial Intelligence 47 4.1. Customer experience management 48 4.1.1. What role have smartphones and tablets played in this relationship? 50 4.1.2. CXM is more than just a software package 51 4.1.3. Components of CXM 53 4.2. The transport industry 55 4.3. The medical industry 58 4.4. “Smart” personal assistant (or agent) 60 4.5. Image and sound recognition 62 4.6. Recommendation tools 65 4.6.1. Collaborative filtering (a “collaborative” recommendation mode) 66 Conclusion 71 Appendices 75 Appendix 1. Big Data 77 Appendix 2. Smart Data 83 Appendix 3. Data Lakes 89 Appendix 4. Some Vocabulary Relevant to 93 Appendix 5. Comparison Between Machine Learning and Traditional Business Intelligence 101 Appendix 6. Conceptual Outline of the Steps Required to Implement a Customization Solution based on Machine Learning 103 Bibliography 107 Glossary 111 Index 115

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Next-Generation Computing and Information Systems (ICNGCIS 25). It combines high-quality research, practical insights, and scholarly debate spanning traditional domains like distributed computing, networks, and cybersecurity, alongside emerging areas such as AI, IoT, quantum security, and edge computing.The proceedings include papers addressing currently relevant research issues such as smart contract security, interoperability in the metaverse, AI applications in healthcare, agriculture and related domains. The proceedings present findings with real-world implications for modern computing and information systems, addressing key challenges in design, deployment, operations, performance optimization, and limitation mitigation.This book targets researchers from academia and industry, practitioners, students, technology enthusiasts, and general audiences seeking to understand cutting-edge applications, practical use cases, and core principles of modern computing and information systems.

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Book SynopsisCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF IVERMECTIN The book focuses on the biological activities of ivermectin as well as the significant global utility of IVM since it was first used about 35 years ago. Ivermectin (IVM) is a wonder drug containing a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone ring system in its structure and derived from the family of avermectins. It was isolated by the fermentation of the soil microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis by Satoshi Omura in 1960 and studied by William C. Campbell in 1981, which allowed for its treatment of onchocerciasis (River Blindness) in Africa. Both scientists subsequently received the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It was approved by the FDA in 1997 for the treatment of Strongyloidiasis and crusted scabies in AIDS patients. After that, IVM has attracted the tremendous attention of the scientific community and has been used for diverse purposes, including as an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2). The chief purpose of this vTable of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction to Ivermectin 1Aeyaz Ahmad Bhat, Atif Khurshid Wani, Tahir ul Gani Mir and Nahid Akther 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Sources and Synthesis 3 1.3 Pharmacological Potential of Ivermectin 4 1.4 Ivermectin's Beneficial Role in Cattle 8 1.5 Ivermectin in the Treatment of COVID-19 8 1.6 Toxicity of Ivermectin 10 1.7 Conclusion 13 2 Historical Background of and Synthetic Approaches to Ivermectin (IVM) and its Homologues 23Shakeel Alvi, Mohd Kamil Hussain and Rashid Ali 2.1 Introduction 24 2.2 Synthetic Approaches Towards the Construction of IVM and Analogues 29 2.3 Biosynthesis 29 2.4 Chemical Synthetic Pathway 33 2.5 Crystal Structure 42 2.6 Conclusion and Outlook 42 3 Ivermectin as a Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 47Hari Madhav, Mohammad Rehan, Nasimul Hoda and Ehtesham Jameel 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Symptoms of COVID-19 50 3.3 Repurposing of the Drugs 52 3.4 Repurposed Drugs for COVID-19 52 3.5 Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 53 3.6 Proposed Possible Mechanism of Action 54 3.7 SARS COVID-19 Clinical Studies with Ivermectin 55 3.8 Conclusions 59 3.9 Acknowledgments 60 4 Ivermectin as an Anti-Parasitic Agent 69Areeba Rahman, Abdulaziz S. Alouffi, Mohammad Husain and Abdur Rub 4.1 Introduction 70 4.2 Use of Ivermectin Against Various Human Parasitic Infections 76 4.3 Mode of Action Against Various Parasites 83 4.4 Conclusions 83 4.5 Acknowledgements 84 5 Emerging Paradigm of Ivermectin and its Hybrids in Elimination of Malaria 93Iram Irfan, Diksha Shahi, Mukesh C. Joshi, Shailja Singh and Mohammad Abid 5.1 Introduction 94 5.2 Malaria 95 5.3 Life Cycle of Malaria 100 5.4 Drug Against Hepatic Malarial Stage 105 5.5 About Ivermectin 106 5.6 Designing and Synthesis of Ivermectin Inhibitors 107 5.7 Conclusions 112 5.8 Acknowledgments 113 6 Ivermectin: A Potential Repurposed Anti-Cancer Therapeutic 121Mohd Kamil Hussain, Rashid Ali, Shakir Ahamad, Mohammad Faheem Khan and Mohammad Saquib 6.1 Introduction 122 6.2 Mechanism of Anti-Carcinogenesis 124 6.3 Activation of Chloride Ion Channels 125 6.4 Anti-Mitotic Effect and Inhibition of Angiogenesis 127 6.5 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration 127 6.6 Inhibitor of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) 128 6.7 Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) 128 6.8 Epigenetic Modulator 129 6.9 Induction PAK1-Mediated Cytostatic Autophagy 129 6.10 Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 130 6.11 Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) 130 6.12 Inhibition of RNA Helicase 131 6.13 Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis 132 6.14 Activation of Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) 132 6.15 Inhibition of Wnt-TCF Pathway Responses 132 6.16 Conclusions 133 7 Ivermectin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent 141Mudasir Nabi Peerzada and Saurabh Verma 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Ant-Inflammatory Action of Ivermectin 147 7.3 Conclusions 155 8 Ivermectin: An Anthelminthic and Insecticide 163Manisha Arora Pandit and Tarkeshwar 8.1 Introduction 164 8.2 Ivermectin as an Anthelmintic 165 8.3 Insecticidal Activity of Ivermectin 176 9 Potential Applications of Ivermectin (IVM) in Dermatology 199Vikrant Jayant and Rashid Ali 9.1 Introduction 200 9.2 Mechanism of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects of IVM 203 9.3 Motivational Approach of IVM in the Treatment of Skin 206 9.4 Role of IVM with Good Anti-Parasitic Properties Against the Infection of Skin 212 9.5 Importance of IVM as an Anti-Cancer or Anti-Tumor Agent in Curing the Skin 219 9.6 Social Value of IVM in the Medical Care of Red Scrotum Syndrome (RSS) 220 9.7 Utility of IVM as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Treatment of Skin-Related Issues 221 9.8 Conclusions 224 10 Antiviral Uses of Ivermectin 231Shabnam Kawoosa, Rabiah Bashir, Sheeba Nazir, Zubaid-ul-Khazir Rather, Gulam Nabi Yatoo and Nisar Ahmad Khan 10.1 Introduction 231 10.2 Mechanism of Action of Ivermectin 233 10.3 Anti-Viral Effects Against Various DNA and RNA Viruses 236 10.4 Conclusion 242 11 Toxicology, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Ivermectin 247Ayesha Akhtar, Nasreen A. Mazumdar and Afreen Inam 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Ivermectin’s Antiparasitic Activity 249 11.3 Pharmacology 250 11.4 Adverse Effects in Humans and Animals 251 11.5 Ivermectin and Ectoparasites 255 11.6 Environmental Impact and Biodegradation of Ivermectin 258 11.7 Conclusion 259 References 259 Index 265

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Book SynopsisWelcome to HAY's universe of irresistible, affordable, everyday design. 'HAY is destined to be an important part of the modern design canon - not as the result of design theory or design thinking, but as a result of design doing.' - John Hoke III, Chief Design Officer, Nike In 2002, husband and wife Rolf and Mette Hay founded their namesake company and forever changed how the world perceives Scandinavian design. Born from the duo's desire to make outstanding design available to all, HAY reimagines functional objects, turning couches, cutting boards, towels, and toothbrushes into vibrant items that bring joy to one's daily life. Simple, stylish, and affordable, HAY's furniture and accessories are a seamless blend of quality and economy. The brand's deep connections within the art, food, fashion, and broader cultural communities, as well as its exuberant use of colour - icy pastels, Memphis primary colours, rich jewel tones, and vivid near-neons - ensure HAY's best-selling products including the Mags Sofa, Matin Lamp, About A Chair, Palissade Collection, and Sowden Accessories Collection remain one step ahead of the zeitgeist. Published to coincide with the brand's 20th anniversary, this inspiring visual monograph explores HAY's origins and astronomical trajectory, including its close partnership with Herman Miller; its collaborations with an ever-growing stable of brilliant designers, along with design companies such as COS, IKEA, and SONOS; and the aesthetic alchemy that makes HAY's products and retail environments so distinct. The book features exclusive interviews with five pairs of designers: Ronan and Erwan Bouroullec; Nipa Doshi and Jonathan Levien; Shane Schneck and Clara von Zweigbergk (who also designed the book); Fien Muller and Hannes Van Severen; and Stine Gam and Enrico Fratesi. Beautifully illustrated with 600 colour images, HAY also includes an introduction by Kelsey Keith, the editorial director at Herman Miller, and contributions from Lucy Bourton, Duncan Riches, Emily Nathan and Tom Morris.Trade ReviewAs featured in ELLE Decoration, Hypebeast and Architectural Digest 'Packed with plenty to keep devotees happy.' - ELLE Decoration 'A superb, highly tactile book.' - The Slowdown 'For the Design Lover’s Library (Or Coffee Table)' - Design Milk

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Book SynopsisThe New Media and Cybercultures Anthology collects essential readings of a diverse range of fields, including new and digital media, Internet studies, digital arts and culture studies, network culture studies, and the information society.Trade Review"Recommended. Lower-and-upper division undergraduates; general readers." (Choice , 1 April 2011) "This collection is a timely, thought-provoking reflection on the social and cultural impacts of cyberspace and new media. I highly recommend it to scholars, teachers, students and indeed all those interested in new media and cyberculture." (M/C Reviews, September 11, 2010)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments to Sources. Introduction. PART ONE: THEORIES, POETICS, PRACTICES. 1 Web Sphere Analysis and Cybercultural Studies (Kirsten Foot). 2 What Does it Mean to be Posthuman? (N. Katherine Hayles). 3 Digitextuality and Click Theory: Theses on Convergence Media in the Digital Age (Anna Everett). 4 The Double Logic of Remediation (Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin). 5 The Database (Lev Manovich). 6 Making Meaning of Mobiles: A Theory of Apparatgeist (James E. Katz and Mark A. Aakhus). PART TWO: SPACE, PLACE, COMMUNITY. 7 Post-Sedentary Space (William J. Mitchell). 8 The End of Geography or the Explosion of Place?: Conceptualizing Space, Place and Information Technology (Stephen Graham). 9 Asphalt Games: Enacting Place Through Locative Media (Michele Chang and Elizabeth Goodman). 10 Thought on the Convergence of Digital Media, Memory, and Social and Urban Spaces (Federico Casalegno). PART THREE: RACE IN/AND CYBERSPACE. 11 Cybertyping and the Work of Race in the Age of Digital Reproduction (Lisa Nakamura). 12 Thinking Through the Diaspora: Call Centers, India, and a New Politics of Hybridity (Raka Shome). 13 Voices of the Marginalized on the Internet: Examples from a Website for Women of South Asia (Ananda Mitra). PART FOUR: BODIES, EMBODIMENT, BIOPOLITICS. 14 Hypes, Hopes and Actualities: New Digital Cartesianism and Bodies in Cyberspace (Megan Boler). 15 The Bioethics of Cybermedicalization (Andy Miah and Emma Rich). 16 Biocolonialism, Genomics, and the Databasing of the Population (Eugene Thacker). PART FIVE: GENDER, SEX, AND SEXUALITIES. 17 Assembling Bodies in Cyberspace: Technologies, Bodies, and Sexual Difference (Dianne Currier). 18 Lesbians in (Cyber)space: The Politics of the Internet in Latin American On- and Off-line Communities (Elisabeth Jay Friedman). 19 E-Rogenous Zones: Positioning Pornography in the Digital Economy (Blaise Cronin and Elisabeth Davenport). 20 Race, Gender and Sex on the Net: Semantic Networks of Selling and Storytelling Sex Tourism (Peter A. Chow-White). PART SIX: POLITICS, POLITICAL ACTION, ACTIVISM. 21 Internet Studies in Times of Terror (David Silver and Alice Marwick). 22 Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy (Tiziana Terranova). 23 Ensuring Minority Rights in a Pluralistic and "Liquid" Information Society (Birgitte Kofod Olsen). 24 Hacktivism: All Together in the Virtual (Tim Jordan). PART SEVEN: GAMES, GAMING, META-UNIVERSES. 25 Games Telling Stories: A Brief Note on Games and Narratives (Jesper Juul). 26 WoW is the New MUD: Social Gaming from Text to Video (Torill Elvira Mortensen). 27 Women and Games: Technologies of the Gendered Self (Pam Royse, Joon Lee, Baasanjav Undrahbuyan, Mark Hopson, and Mia Consalvo). 28 To the White Extreme: Conquering Athletic Space, White Manhood, and Racing Virtual Reality (David J. Leonard). 29 Your Second Life?: Goodwill and the Performativity of Intellectual Property in Online Digital Gaming (Andrew Herman, Rosemary J. Coombe, and Lewis Kaye). PART EIGHT: THE DIGITAL, THE MOBILE, THE PERSONAL, AND THE EVERYDAY. 30 Taking Risky Opportunities in Youthful Content Creation: Teenagers' Use of Social Networking Sites for Intimacy, Privacy and Self-expression (Sonia Livingstone). 31 Dynamics of Internet Dating (Helene M. Lawson and Kira Leck). 32 Screening Moments, Scrolling Lives: Diary Writing on the Web (Madeleine Sorapure). 33 Your Life in Snapshots: Mobile Weblogs (Nicola Döring and Axel Gundolf). 34 Assembling Portable Talk and Mobile Worlds: Sound Technologies and Mobile Social Networks (John Farnsworth and Terry Austrin). 35 New Media, Networking and Phatic Culture (Vincent Miller). Index.

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Book SynopsisAce your software engineering job interviews by preparing yourself for the concurrent programming rounds. This book fills the gap in practical resources designated for concurrency interview prep. It simplifies complex concepts in C++ and provides example questions to help you approach your interview with confidence. Today, interviews for software engineering roles typically include several different rounds: coding, system design, behavioral, and domain knowledge. The domain knowledge round can vary based on the job description, but one extremely common focus is concurrent programming. While not intended to be a comprehensive reference, this book distills the essential interview insights drawn from author Bonan Liu's personal experiences to stand out from the competition. Key topics include mutexes and locks, condition variables, thread abstraction, STL features, and lock-free implementations, with each concept reinforced through practical exercises like building a file handler cache and implementing read/write locks. Software interviews are more than just exams; they are hours-long conversations with real people. You'll not only develop a solid understanding of concurrency, but also learn how to best showcase your expertise to enhance your performance throughout the entire process, including general coding rounds. What You Will LearnAcquire foundational knowledge of concurrent programming in C++. Practice relevant interview questions for each section of this knowledge. Develop strategies for best demonstrating learned skills in the general coding round. Who This Book Is ForSoftware engineers seeking new career opportunities, particularly SDE II, Senior SDE, and Staff SDE roles. Interviewers might also gain insight into concurrent programming to enhance the evaluation of their candidates, securing top talent.

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Book SynopsisAs a programming designer and creative director, Patrik Hübner works at the interface of brand communication and technology. Having worked in traditional design for years, he discovered creative coding in 2014 and became one of the first to use the explorative creative method to rethink branding. Today, he works as a generative designer with international brands, agencies and cultural institutions, develops dynamic brand experiences and teaches at universities.Larissa Lenze moves between people, brands and media. Active as a marketing strategist for over 10 years, her professional focus is on storytelling and (personal) branding. In addition, she is currently working on her doctorate in media studies and is editor of the online publication micropolis magazine.

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Book SynopsisSpatio-temporal Approaches presents a well-built set of concepts, methods and approaches, in order to represent and understand the evolution of social and environmental phenomena within the space. It is basedon examples in human geography and archeology (which will enable us to explore questions regarding various temporalities) and tackles social and environmental phenomena. Chapter 1 discusses how to apprehend change: objects, attributes, relations, processes.Chapter 2 introduces multiple points of view about modeling and the authors try to shed a new light on the different, but complementary approaches of geomaticians and thematicians. Chapter 3 is devoted to the construction of spatio-temporal indicators, to various measurements of the change, while highlighting the advantage of an approach crossing several points of view, in order to understand the phenomenon at hand. Chapter 4 presents different categories of simulation model in line with complexity sciences. These models rely notably on the concepts of emergence and self-organization and allow us to highlight the roles of interaction within change. Chapter 5 provides ideas on research concerning the various construction approaches of hybrid objects and model couplings.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION ix CHAPTER 1. BUILDING OBJECTS IN TIME 1 1.1. Different points of view on ontology 4 1.1.1. Defining ontology 4 1.1.2. Qualification of the objects from an ontological perspective: “bona fide” versus “fiat” objects 8 1.1.3. Specification of ontologies in the field of spatial analysis and geographical sciences: objects versus fields 10 1.1.4. An example of empirical objects’ construction: the case of cities 13 1.2. Locating spatial objects in time 16 1.2.1. Objects’ formalization in time: “endurant” and “perdurant” entities of philosophers 17 1.2.2. From change to objects’ life 21 1.3. Conclusion 28 CHAPTER 2. FROM EMPIRICAL QUESTIONING TO SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELING 29 2.1. From the conception of entities to their analysis of responding to thematic issues 30 2.1.1. Building the spatio-temporal objects from the empirical observations (challenge 1) 32 2.1.2. Representing and exploring change and movement (challenge 2) 35 2.1.3. Analyzing the evolution of statistical and spatial relationships (challenge 3) 38 2.1.4. Identifying the underlying processes of change: simulation and scenario testing (challenge 4) 41 2.2. Challenges and models: the possible misunderstandings 44 2.3. Application examples 46 2.3.1. Cities’ dynamics: construction and follow-up of composite objects in time 47 2.3.2. Distribution of urban functions in the intra-urban space: construction of spatio-temporal functional objects 53 2.3.3. Evaluating the impact of mobile objects on a spatial support 56 2.3.4. What factors are behind the emergence and/or the reinforcement of school segregation? Construction of multilevel and multidate information 60 2.4. Conclusion 64 CHAPTER 3. ANALYZING SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA: EMPIRICAL AND STATISTICAL APPROACHES 65 3.1. Statistical data and spatio-temporal analysis 66 3.1.1. Spatial analysis evolution in a context influenced by statistics and computer science 66 3.1.2. Different ways to take time and space into account to analyze spatio-temporal processes 70 3.1.3. From entities’ dynamics to that of organizations: what is it that changes and relative to what frame of reference? 73 3.2. Following the evolution of the structure of spatial systems 76 3.2.1. Describing the evolution of space and hierarchical organizations 76 3.2.2. Change, temporalities and statistical explanations 82 3.3. Understanding the evolution of a spatial system’s entities 86 3.3.1. Constructing, describing and categorizing trajectories of evolution 87 3.3.2. Identifying a priori defined types of change to classify evolutions 91 3.3.3. “Unfolded” time and forecast 93 3.4. Conclusion 97 Chapter 4. Exploring the Underlying Processes of Change: Simulation Models 99 4.1. Computer simulation versus statistical approach: different points of view about explanation 99 4.1.1. From covariation to interaction, from differentiation to emergence 102 4.1.2. Different types of explanation: from the percentage of variance explained to the generation of mechanisms 104 4.1.3. Different points of view on multilevel phenomena 105 4.2. Microsimulation models107 4.3. Computing models: simulation and emergence 112 4.3.1. Modeling the diffusion of a migratory wave front 113 4.3.2. Cellular automata approaches: the case of land use changes 115 4.3.3. Agent-based models applied to simple entities 120 4.3.4. Agent modeling on composite entities 124 4.4. Conclusion 129 CONCLUSION 133 BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 INDEX 155

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Book Synopsis1. A Rule-Based Fuzzy Model for the Classification of Stakeholders of an Information System.- 2. Deep Fake Detection using Xception and Temporal Convolutional Networks.- 3. A Goal-Oriented Methodology for Eliciting the Requirements of an Information System.- 4. Advancements and Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Lung Cancer Detection.- 5. Prediction of Parkinson’s Disease using Ensemble Learning.- 6. Dental Cavity Detection using Instance Segmentation and Object Detection.- 7. Early Caries Detection using CNN Based Models.- 8. Interactive Gaming Therapy for Children with Cerebral Palsy.

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Book SynopsisSpeech processing addresses various scientific and technological areas. It includes speech analysis and variable rate coding, in order to store or transmit speech. It also covers speech synthesis, especially from text, speech recognition, including speaker and language identification, and spoken language understanding. This book covers the following topics: how to realize speech production and perception systems, how to synthesize and understand speech using state-of-the-art methods in signal processing, pattern recognition, stochastic modelling computational linguistics and human factor studies.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Chapter 1. Speech Analysis 1 Christophe D’ALESSANDRO 1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. Source-filter model 1 1.1.2. Speech sounds 2 1.1.3. Sources 6 1.1.4. Vocal tract 12 1.1.5. Lip-radiation 18 1.2. Linear prediction 18 1.2.1. Source-filter model and linear prediction 18 1.2.2. Autocorrelation method: algorithm 21 1.2.3. Lattice filter 28 1.2.4. Models of the excitation 31 1.3. Short-term Fourier transform 35 1.3.1. Spectrogram 35 1.3.2. Interpretation in terms of filter bank 36 1.3.3. Block-wise interpretation 37 1.3.4. Modification and reconstruction 38 1.4. A few other representations 39 1.4.1. Bilinear time-frequency representations 39 1.4.2. Wavelets 41 1.4.3. Cepstrum 43 1.4.4. Sinusoidal and harmonic representations 46 1.5. Conclusion 49 1.6. References 50 Chapter 2. Principles of Speech Coding 55 Gang FENG and Laurent GIRIN 2.1. Introduction 55 2.1.1. Main characteristics of a speech coder 57 2.1.2. Key components of a speech coder 59 2.2. Telephone-bandwidth speech coders 63 2.2.1. From predictive coding to CELP 65 2.2.2. Improved CELP coders 69 2.2.3. Other coders for telephone speech 77 2.3. Wideband speech coding 79 2.3.1. Transform coding 81 2.3.2. Predictive transform coding 85 2.4. Audiovisual speech coding 86 2.4.1. A transmission channel for audiovisual speech 86 2.4.2. Joint coding of audio and video parameters 88 2.4.3. Prospects 93 2.5. References 93 Chapter 3. Speech Synthesis 99 Olivier BOËFFARD and Christophe D’ALESSANDRO 3.1. Introduction 99 3.2. Key goal: speaking for communicating 100 3.2.1. What acoustic content? 101 3.2.2. What melody? 102 3.2.3. Beyond the strict minimum 103 3.3 Synoptic presentation of the elementary modules in speech synthesis systems 104 3.3.1. Linguistic processing 105 3.3.2. Acoustic processing 105 3.3.3. Training models automatically 106 3.3.4. Operational constraints 107 3.4. Description of linguistic processing 107 3.4.1. Text pre-processing 107 3.4.2. Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion 108 3.4.3. Syntactic-prosodic analysis 110 3.4.4. Prosodic analysis 112 3.5. Acoustic processing methodology 114 3.5.1. Rule-based synthesis 114 3.5.2. Unit-based concatenative synthesis 115 3.6. Speech signal modeling 117 3.6.1. The source-filter assumption 118 3.6.2. Articulatory model 119 3.6.3. Formant-based modeling 119 3.6.4. Auto-regressive modeling 120 3.6.5. Harmonic plus noise model 120 3.7. Control of prosodic parameters: the PSOLA technique 122 3.7.1. Methodology background 124 3.7.2. The ancestors of the method 125 3.7.3. Descendants of the method 128 3.7.4. Evaluation 131 3.8. Towards variable-size acoustic units 131 3.8.1. Constitution of the acoustic database 134 3.8.2. Selection of sequences of units 138 3.9. Applications and standardization 142 3.10. Evaluation of speech synthesis 144 3.10.1. Introduction 144 3.10.2. Global evaluation 146 3.10.3. Analytical evaluation 151 3.10.4. Summary for speech synthesis evaluation 153 3.11. Conclusions 154 3.12. References 154 Chapter 4. Facial Animation for Visual Speech 169 Thierry GUIARD-MARIGNY 4.1. Introduction 169 4.2. Applications of facial animation for visual speech 170 4.2.1. Animation movies 170 4.2.2. Telecommunications 170 4.2.3. Human-machine interfaces 170 4.2.4. A tool for speech research 171 4.3. Speech as a bimodal process 171 4.3.1. The intelligibility of visible speech 172 4.3.2. Visemes for facial animation 174 4.3.3. Synchronization issues 175 4.3.4. Source consistency 176 4.3.5. Key constraints for the synthesis of visual speech 177 4.4. Synthesis of visual speech 178 4.4.1. The structure of an artificial talking head 178 4.4.2. Generating expressions 178 4.5. Animation 180 4.5.1. Analysis of the image of a face 180 4.5.2. The puppeteer 181 4.5.3. Automatic analysis of the speech signal 181 4.5.4. From the text to the phonetic string 181 4.6. Conclusion 182 4.7. References 182 Chapter 5. Computational Auditory Scene Analysis 189 Alain DE CHEVEIGNÉ 5.1. Introduction 189 5.2. Principles of auditory scene analysis 191 5.2.1. Fusion versus segregation: choosing a representation 191 5.2.2. Features for simultaneous fusion 191 5.2.3. Features for sequential fusion 192 5.2.4. Schemes 193 5.2.5. Illusion of continuity, phonemic restoration 193 5.3. CASA principles 193 5.3.1. Design of a representation 193 5.4. Critique of the CASA approach 200 5.4.1. Limitations of ASA 201 5.4.2. The conceptual limits of “separable representation” 202 5.4.3. Neither a model, nor a method? 203 5.5. Perspectives 203 5.5.1. Missing feature theory 203 5.5.2. The cancellation principle 204 5.5.3. Multimodal integration 205 5.5.4. Auditory scene synthesis: transparency measure 205 5.6. References 206 Chapter 6. Principles of Speech Recognition 213 Renato DE MORI and Brigitte BIGI 6.1. Problem definition and approaches to the solution 213 6.2. Hidden Markov models for acoustic modeling 216 6.2.1. Definition 216 6.2.2. Observation probability and model parameters 217 6.2.3. HMM as probabilistic automata 218 6.2.4. Forward and backward coefficients 219 6.3. Observation probabilities 222 6.4. Composition of speech unit models 223 6.5. The Viterbi algorithm 226 6.6. Language models 228 6.6.1. Perplexity as an evaluation measure for language models 230 6.6.2. Probability estimation in the language model 232 6.6.3. Maximum likelihood estimation 234 6.6.4. Bayesian estimation 235 6.7. Conclusion 236 6.8. References 237 Chapter 7. Speech Recognition Systems 239 Jean-Luc GAUVAIN and Lori LAMEL 7.1. Introduction 239 7.2. Linguistic model 241 7.3. Lexical representation 244 7.4. Acoustic modeling 247 7.4.1. Feature extraction 247 7.4.2. Acoustic-phonetic models 249 7.4.3. Adaptation techniques 253 7.5. Decoder 256 7.6. Applicative aspects 257 7.6.1. Efficiency: speed and memory 257 7.6.2. Portability: languages and applications 259 7.6.3. Confidence measures 260 7.6.4. Beyond words 261 7.7. Systems 261 7.7.1. Text dictation 262 7.7.2. Audio document indexing 263 7.7.3. Dialog systems 265 7.8. Perspectives 268 7.9. References 270 Chapter 8. Language Identification 279 Martine ADDA-DECKER 8.1. Introduction 279 8.2. Language characteristics 281 8.3. Language identification by humans 286 8.4. Language identification by machines 287 8.4.1. LId tasks 288 8.4.2. Performance measures 288 8.4.3. Evaluation 289 8.5. LId resources 290 8.6. LId formulation 295 8.7. Lid modeling 298 8.7.1. Acoustic front-end 299 8.7.2. Acoustic language-specific modeling 300 8.7.3. Parallel phone recognition 302 8.7.4. Phonotactic modeling 304 8.7.5. Back-end optimization 309 8.8. Discussion 309 8.9. References 311 Chapter 9. Automatic Speaker Recognition 321 Frédéric BIMBOT. 9.1. Introduction 321 9.1.1. Voice variability and characterization 321 9.1.2. Speaker recognition 323 9.2. Typology and operation of speaker recognition systems 324 9.2.1. Speaker recognition tasks 324 9.2.2. Operation 325 9.2.3. Text-dependence 326 9.2.4. Types of errors 327 9.2.5. Influencing factors 328 9.3. Fundamentals 329 9.3.1. General structure of speaker recognition systems 329 9.3.2. Acoustic analysis 330 9.3.3. Probabilistic modeling 331 9.3.4. Identification and verification scores 335 9.3.5. Score compensation and decision 337 9.3.6. From theory to practice 342 9.4. Performance evaluation 343 9.4.1. Error rate 343 9.4.2. DET curve and EER 344 9.4.3. Cost function, weighted error rate and HTER 346 9.4.4. Distribution of errors 346 9.4.5. Orders of magnitude 347 9.5. Applications 348 9.5.1. Physical access control 348 9.5.2. Securing remote transactions 349 9.5.3. Audio information indexing 350 9.5.4. Education and entertainment 350 9.5.5. Forensic applications 351 9.5.6. Perspectives 352 9.6. Conclusions 352 9.7. Further reading 353 Chapter 10. Robust Recognition Methods 355 Jean-Paul HATON 10.1. Introduction 355 10.2. Signal pre-processing methods 357 10.2.1. Spectral subtraction 357 10.2.2. Adaptive noise cancellation 358 10.2.3. Space transformation 359 10.2.4. Channel equalization 359 10.2.5. Stochastic models 360 10.3. Robust parameters and distance measures 360 10.3.1. Spectral representations 361 10.3.2. Auditory models 364 10.3.3 Distance measure 365 10.4. Adaptation methods 366 10.4.1 Model composition 366 10.4.2. Statistical adaptation 367 10.5. Compensation of the Lombard effect 368 10.6. Missing data scheme 369 10.7. Conclusion 369 10.8. References 370 Chapter 11. Multimodal Speech: Two or Three senses are Better than One 377 Jean-Luc SCHWARTZ, Pierre ESCUDIER and Pascal TEISSIER 11.1. Introduction 377 11.2. Speech is a multimodal process 379 11.2.1. Seeing without hearing 379 11.2.2. Seeing for hearing better in noise 380 11.2.3. Seeing for better hearing… even in the absence of noise 382 11.2.4. Bimodal integration imposes itself to perception 383 11.2.5. Lip reading as taking part to the ontogenesis of speech 385 11.2.6. ...and to its phylogenesis ? 386 11.3. Architectures for audio-visual fusion in speech perception 388 11.3.1.Three paths for sensory interactions in cognitive psychology 389 11.3.2. Three paths for sensor fusion in information processing 390 11.3.3. The four basic architectures for audiovisual fusion 391 11.3.4. Three questions for a taxonomy 392 11.3.5. Control of the fusion process 394 11.4. Audio-visual speech recognition systems 396 11.4.1. Architectural alternatives 397 11.4.2. Taking into account contextual information 401 11.4.3. Pre-processing 403 11.5. Conclusions 405 11.6. References 406 Chapter 12. Speech and Human-Computer Communication 417 Wolfgang MINKER & Françoise NÉEL 12.1. Introduction 417 12.2. Context 418 12.2.1. The development of micro-electronics 419 12.2.2. The expansion of information and communication technologies and increasing interconnection of computer systems 420 12.2.3. The coordination of research efforts and the improvement of automatic speech processing systems 421 12.3. Specificities of speech 424 12.3.1. Advantages of speech as a communication mode 424 12.3.2. Limitations of speech as a communication mode 425 12.3.3. Multidimensional analysis of commercial speech recognition products 427 12.4. Application domains with voice-only interaction 430 12.4.1. Inspection, control and data acquisition 431 12.4.2. Home automation: electronic home assistant 432 12.4.3. Office automation: dictation and speech-to-text systems 432 12.4.4. Training 435 12.4.5. Automatic translation 438 12.5. Application domains with multimodal interaction 439 12.5.1. Interactive terminals 440 12.5.2. Computer-aided graphic design 441 12.5.3. On-board applications 442 12.5.4. Human-human communication facilitation 444 12.5.5. Automatic indexing of audio-visual documents 446 12.6. Conclusions 446 12.7. References 447 Chapter 13. Voice Services in the Telecom Sector 455 Laurent COURTOIS, Patrick BRISARD and Christian GAGNOULET 13.1. Introduction 455 13.2. Automatic speech processing and telecommunications 456 13.3. Speech coding in the telecommunication sector 456 13.4. Voice command in telecom services 457 13.4.1. Advantages and limitations of voice command 457 13.4.2. Major trends 459 13.4.3. Major voice command services 460 13.4.4. Call center automation (operator assistance) 460 13.4.5. Personal voice phonebook 462 13.4.6. Voice personal telephone assistants 463 13.4.7. Other services based on voice command 463 13.5. Speaker verification in telecom services 464 13.6. Text-to-speech synthesis in telecommunication systems 464 13.7. Conclusions 465 13.8. References 466 List of Authors 467 Index 471

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Book SynopsisConventional topographic databases, obtained by capture on aerial or spatial images provide a simplified 3D modeling of our urban environment, answering the needs of numerous applications (development, risk prevention, mobility management, etc.). However, when we have to represent and analyze more complex sites (monuments, civil engineering works, archeological sites, etc.), these models no longer suffice and other acquisition and processing means have to be implemented. This book focuses on the study of adapted lifting means for “notable buildings”. The methods tackled in this book cover lasergrammetry and the current techniques of dense correlation based on images using conventional photogrammetry.Table of Contents1. Specific Requirements for the 3D Digitization of Outstanding Sites. 2. 3D Digitization Using Images. 3. 3D Digitization by Laser Scanner. 4. Complementarity of Techniques. 5. Point Cloud Processing. 6. Management and Use of Surveys.

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Book SynopsisWith this book, Christopher Kormanyos delivers a highly practical guide to programming real-time embedded microcontroller systems in C++. It is divided into three parts plus several appendices. Part I provides a foundation for real-time C++ by covering language technologies, including object-oriented methods, template programming and optimization. Next, part II presents detailed descriptions of a variety of C++ components that are widely used in microcontroller programming. It details some of C++’s most powerful language elements, such as class types, templates and the STL, to develop components for microcontroller register access, low-level drivers, custom memory management, embedded containers, multitasking, etc. Finally, part III describes mathematical methods and generic utilities that can be employed to solve recurring problems in real-time C++. The appendices include a brief C++ language tutorial, information on the real-time C++ development environment and instructions for building GNU GCC cross-compilers and a microcontroller circuit. For this fourth edition, the most recent specification of C++20 is used throughout the text. Several sections on new C++20 functionality have been added, and various others reworked to reflect changes in the standard. Also several new example projects ranging from introductory to advanced level are included and existing ones extended, and various reader suggestions have been incorporated. Efficiency is always in focus and numerous examples are backed up with runtime measurements and size analyses that quantify the true costs of the code down to the very last byte and microsecond. The target audience of this book mainly consists of students and professionals interested in real-time C++. Readers should be familiar with C or another programming language and will benefit most if they have had some previous experience with microcontroller electronics and the performance and size issues prevalent in embedded systems programming.Table of ContentsPart I: Language Technologies for Real-Time C++.- 1. Getting Started with Real-Time C++.- 2. Working with a Real-Time C++ Program on a Board.- 3. An Easy Jump Start in Real-Time C++.- 4. Object-Oriented Techniques for Microcontrollers.- 5. C++ Templates for Microcontrollers.- 6. Optimized C++ Programming for Microcontrollers.- Part II: Components for Real-Time C++.- 7. Accessing Microcontroller Registers.- 8. The Right Start.- 9. Low-Level Hardware Drivers in C++.- 10. Custom Memory Management.- 11. C++ Multitasking.- Part III: Mathematics and Utilities for Real-Time C++.- 12. Floating-Point Mathematics.- 13. Fixed-Point Mathematics.- 14. High-Performance Digital Filters.- 15. C++ Utilities.- 16. Extending the C++ Standard Library and the STL.- 17. Using C-Language Code in C++.- Additional Reading.

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Book SynopsisA Cryptographic Revolution Using Quantum Networking for Secure Communication.- Click stream Analysis and Fraud Detection Using Modified Metaheuristic Optimized Gated Recurrent Unit Based Models.- Optimizing TinyML Models for Real-Time Environmental Monitoring: A Comparative Study of Compression Techniques.- Sign Language Detection and Translation using Smart Glove 2.0 using Hybrid CNN-Transformer Model.- Deep Learning Techniques for Image Recognition in Environmental Monitoring.- Enhancing Solar Panel Efficiency in Harsh Climates: An UAV-Integrated WSN Cleaning Approach.- Combating Deepfakes: A Powerful Hybrid Approach with LSTM and ResNeXt.- AI Powered Strategies for Teaching and Learning in Management Education: Shaping Tomorrow’s Leaders.- Enhancing Metastatic Breast Cancer Prognostics for Integrated Multi-Modal Data using Deep Learning and Generative Adversarial Networks.- Simulating AODV Using NS-2 as VANET’s Routing Protocol.

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Book SynopsisGet a complete understanding of aircraft control and simulation Aircraft Control and Simulation: Dynamics, Controls Design, and Autonomous Systems, Third Edition is a comprehensive guide to aircraft control and simulation. This updated text covers flight control systems, flight dynamics, aircraft modeling, and flight simulation from both classical design and modern perspectives, as well as two new chapters on the modeling, simulation, and adaptive control of unmanned aerial vehicles. With detailed examples, including relevant MATLAB calculations and FORTRAN codes, this approachable yet detailed reference also provides access to supplementary materials, including chapter problems and an instructor''s solution manual. Aircraft control, as a subject area, combines an understanding of aerodynamics with knowledge of the physical systems of an aircraft. The ability to analyze the performance of an aircraft both in the real world and in computer-simulated flight is essentiTrade ReviewThe book retains its original chapter subject skeleton with the titles slightly changed and as mentioned has two new chapters added, in total it is some 150 pages longer than the original. This is not however a simple graft of new material onto the original book. Many of the chapters have been rewritten so that even where much the same material is covered, it is more detailed and augmented, whilst at the same time maintaining a consistent uniform style across the whole book....In conclusion this new edition is a significant update of a popular text...(The Aeronautical Journal- January 2017)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 The Kinematics and Dynamics of Aircraft Motion 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Vector Operations 3 1.3 Matrix Operations on Vector Coordinates 7 1.4 Rotational Kinematics 16 1.5 Translational Kinematics 20 1.6 Geodesy, Coordinate Systems, Gravity 23 1.7 Rigid-Body Dynamics 34 1.8 Advanced Topics 44 References 58 Problems 59 2 Modeling the Aircraft 63 2.1 Introduction 63 2.2 Basic Aerodynamics 64 2.3 Aircraft Forces And Moments 75 2.4 Static Analysis 101 2.5 The Nonlinear Aircraft Model 108 2.6 Linear Models And The Stability Derivatives 116 2.7 Summary 137 References 138 Problems 139 3 Modeling, Design, and Simulation Tools 142 3.1 Introduction 142 3.2 State-Space Models 144 3.3 Transfer Function Models 155 3.4 Numerical Solution of The State Equations 170 3.5 Aircraft Models For Simulation 179 3.6 Steady-State Flight 185 3.7 Numerical Linearization 199 3.8 Aircraft Dynamic Behavior 205 3.9 Feedback Control 213 3.10 Summary 241 References 241 Problems 243 4 Aircraft Dynamics and Classical Control Design 250 4.1 Introduction 250 4.2 Aircraft Rigid-Body Modes 257 4.3 The Handling-Qualities Requirements 274 4.4 Stability Augmentation 287 4.5 Control Augmentation Systems 303 4.6 Autopilots 322 4.7 Nonlinear Simulation 344 4.8 Summary 371 References 372 Problems 374 5 Modern Design Techniques 377 5.1 Introduction 377 5.2 Assignment of Closed-Loop Dynamics 381 5.3 Linear Quadratic Regulator With Output Feedback 397 5.4 Tracking A Command 413 5.5 Modifying The Performance Index 428 5.6 Model-Following Design 455 5.7 Linear Quadratic Design with Full State Feedback 470 5.8 Dynamic Inversion Design 477 5.9 Summary 492 References 492 Problems 495 6 Robustness and Multivariable Frequency-Domain Techniques 500 6.1 Introduction 500 6.2 Multivariable Frequency-Domain Analysis 502 6.3 Robust Output-Feedback Design 525 6.4 Observers and The Kalman Filter 529 6.5 Linear Quadratic Gaussian/Loop Transfer Recovery 554 6.6 Summary 577 References 578 Problems 580 7 Digital Control 584 7.1 Introduction 584 7.2 Simulation of Digital Controllers 585 7.3 Discretization of Continuous Controllers 588 7.4 Modified Continuous Design 598 7.5 Implementation Considerations 611 7.6 Summary 619 References 620 Problems 620 8 Modeling and Simulation of Miniature Aerial Vehicles 623 8.1 Introduction 623 8.2 Propeller/Rotor Forces and Moments 630 8.3 Modeling Rotor Flapping 640 8.4 Motor Modeling 645 8.5 Small Aerobatic Airplane Model 648 8.6 Quadrotor Model 654 8.7 Small Helicopter Model 655 8.8 Summary 660 References 661 Problems 661 9 Adaptive Control with Application to Miniature Aerial Vehicles 664 9.1 Introduction 664 9.2 Model Reference Adaptive Control Based On Dynamic Inversion 665 9.3 Neural Network Adaptive Control 668 9.4 Limited Authority Adaptive Control 674 9.5 Neural Network Adaptive Control Example 680 9.6 Summary 709 References 709 Problems 711 Appendix A F-16 Model 714 Appendix B Software 723 Index 733

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Book SynopsisThe improvement of energy efficiency in electronics and computing systems is currently central to information and communication technology design; low-cost cooling, autonomous portable systems and functioning on recovered energy all need to be continuously improved to allow modern technology to compute more while consuming less. This book presents the basic principles of the origins and limits of heat dissipation in electronic systems. Mechanisms of energy dissipation, the physical foundations for understanding CMOS components and sophisticated optimization techniques are explored in the first half of the book, before an introduction to reversible and quantum computing. Adiabatic computing and nano-relay technology are then explored as new solutions to achieving improvements in heat creation and energy consumption, particularly in renewed consideration of circuit architecture and component technology. Concepts inspired by recent research into energy efficiency are brought together in this book, providing an introduction to new approaches and technologies which are required to keep pace with the rapid evolution of electronics.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Dissipation Sources in Electronic Circuits 1 1.1. Brief description of logic types 1 1.1.1. Boolean logic 1 1.1.2. Combinational and sequential logic 7 1.1.3. NMOS and PMOS transistors 15 1.1.4. Complementary CMOS logic 21 1.1.5. Pass-transistor logic 26 1.1.6. Dynamic logic 29 1.2. Origins of heat dissipation in circuits 32 1.2.1. Joule effect in circuits 32 1.2.2. Calculating dynamic power 34 1.2.3. Calculating static power and its origins 37 Chapter 2. Thermodynamics and Information Theory 39 2.1. Recalling the basics: entropy and information 39 2.1.1. Statistical definition of entropy 39 2.1.2. Macroscopic energy and entropy 42 2.1.3. Thermostat exchange, Boltzmann’s law and the equal division of energy 46 2.1.4. Summary and example of energy production in a conductor carrying a current 50 2.1.5. Information and the associated entropy 52 2.2. Presenting Landauer’s principle 57 2.2.1. Presenting Landauer’s principle and other examples 57 2.2.2. Experimental validations of Landauer’s principle 64 2.3. Adiabaticity and reversibility 66 2.3.1. Adiabatic principle of charging capacitors 66 2.3.2. Adiabaticity and reversibility: a circuit approach 82 Chapter 3. Transistor Models in CMOS Technology 91 3.1. Reminder on semiconductor properties 91 3.1.1. State densities and semiconductor properties 91 3.1.2. Currents in a semiconductor 100 3.1.3. Contact potentials 102 3.1.4. Metal-oxide semiconductor structure 103 3.1.5. Weak and strong inversion 109 3.2. Long- and short-channel static models 114 3.2.1. Basic principle and brief history of semiconductor technology 114 3.2.2. Transistor architecture and Fermi pseudo-potentials 117 3.2.3. Calculating the current in a long-channel static regime 120 3.2.4. Calculating the current in a short-channel regime 129 3.3. Dynamic transistor models 132 3.3.1. Quasi-static regime 132 3.3.2. Dynamic regime 135 3.3.3. “Small signals” transistor model 136 Chapter 4. Practical and Theoretical Limits of CMOS Technology 143 4.1. Speed–dissipation trade-off and limits of CMOS technology 143 4.1.1. From the transistor to the integrated circuit 143 4.1.2. Trade-off between speed and consumption 146 4.1.3. The trade-off between dynamic consumption and static consumption 149 4.2. Sub-threshold regimes 154 4.2.1. Recall of the weak inversion properties 154 4.2.2. Limits to sub-threshold CMOS technology 160 4.3. Practical and theoretical limits in CMOS technology 162 4.3.1. Economic considerations and evolving methodologies 162 4.3.2. Technological difficulties: dissipation, variability and interconnects 164 4.3.3. Theoretical limits and open questions 171 Chapter 5. Very Low Consumption at System Level 177 5.1. The evolution of power management technologies 177 5.1.1. Basic techniques for reducing dynamic power 177 5.1.2. Basic techniques for reducing static power 180 5.1.3. Designing in 90, 65 and 45 nm technology 185 5.2. Sub-threshold integrated circuits 186 5.2.1. Sub-threshold circuit features 186 5.2.2. Pipeline and parallelization 187 5.2.3. New SRAM structures 187 5.3. Near-threshold circuits 188 5.3.1. Optimization method 189 5.4. Chip interconnect and networks 194 5.4.1. Dissipation in the interconnect 194 5.4.2. Techniques for reducing dissipation in the interconnect 199 Chapter 6. Reversible Computing and Quantum Computing 203 6.1. The basis for reversible computing 203 6.1.1. Introduction 203 6.1.2. Group structure of reversible gates 205 6.1.3. Conservative gates, linearity and affinity 206 6.1.4. Exchange gates 207 6.1.5. Control gates 210 6.1.6. Two basic theorems: “no fan-out” and “no cloning” 213 6.2. A few elements for synthesizing a function 214 6.2.1. The problem and constraints on synthesis 214 6.2.2. Synthesizing a reversible function 215 6.2.3. Synthesizing an irreversible function 218 6.2.4. The adder example 219 6.2.5. Hardware implementation of reversible gates 222 6.3. Reversible computing and quantum computing 225 6.3.1. Principles of quantum computing 226 6.3.2. Entanglement 227 6.3.3. A few examples of quantum gates 229 6.3.4. The example of Grover’s algorithm 231 Chapter 7. Quasi-adiabatic CMOS Circuits 237 7.1. Adiabatic logic gates in CMOS 237 7.1.1. Implementing the principles of optimal charge and adiabatic pipeline 237 7.1.2. ECRL and PFAL in CMOS 244 7.1.3. Comparison to other gate technologies 250 7.2. Calculation of dissipation in an adiabatic circuit 251 7.2.1. Calculation in the normal regime 251 7.2.2. Calculation in sub-threshold regimes 259 7.3. Energy-recovery supplies and their contribution to dissipation 264 7.3.1. Capacitor-based supply 264 7.3.2. Inductance-based supply 273 7.4. Adiabatic arithmetic architecture 280 7.4.1. Basic principles 280 7.4.2. Adder example 281 7.4.3. The interest in complex gates 283 Chapter 8. Micro-relay Based Technology 285 8.1. The physics of micro-relays 285 8.1.1. Different computing technologies 285 8.1.2. Different actuation technologies 287 8.1.3. Dynamic modeling of microelectro-mechanical relays 290 8.1.4. Implementation examples and technological difficulties 297 8.2. Calculation of dissipation in a micro-relay based circuit 299 8.2.1. Optimization of micro-relays through electrostatic actuation 299 8.2.2. Adiabatic regime solutions 307 8.2.3. Comparison between CMOS logic and micro-relays 312 Bibliography 317 Index 321

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