Description
Book SynopsisWomen, Crime, and Justice: Balancing the Scales presents a comprehensive analysis of the role of women in the criminal justice system, providing important new insight to their position as offenders, victims, and practitioners.
- Draws on global feminist perspectives on female offending and victimization from around the world
- Covers topics including criminal law, case processing, domestic violence, gay/lesbian and transgendered prisoners, cyberbullying, offender re-entry, and sex trafficking
- Explores issues professional women face in the criminal justice workplace, such as police culture, judicial decision-making, working in corrections facilities, and more
- Includes international case examples throughout, using numerous topical examples and personal narratives to stimulate students' critical thinking and active engagement
Table of ContentsAcknowledgments xiii
About the website xv
1 Foundations for understanding women and crime 1
Student learning outcomes 1
Introduction 1
Reasons for the focus on women and crime 2
Case study: Chibok kidnappings 3
Concepts of importance 3
Special legal issues: Legal considerations for the burqa and niqab 5
Gender in criminology and criminal justice 6
Global perspectives: An example of feminism in Saudi Arabia 11
Feminist criminology and feminist theory 12
Conclusion 13
Suggested readings 13
Student engagement activities 13
Discussion questions 14
Key terms 14
References 14
2 Women and the crimes that they commit 19
Student learning outcomes 19
Introduction 19
Case study: Rosemary West 22
Defining crime 22
Special legal issues: Differences in the defi nitions of crime 23
Measuring crime 24
Global perspectives: Female offenders across the globe 31
Explanations for crime 32
Why do women commit crime? 34
Conclusion 41
Suggested readings 41
Student engagement activities 41
Discussion questions 42
Key terms 42
References 42
3 Women convicted of crime and their punishments 51
Student learning outcomes 51
Introduction 51
Case study: Malala Yousafzai 52
Gender and sentencing 53
Women in institutional custody 54
Conditions specific to imprisoned women 61
Special legal issues: Medical care issues 63
Global perspectives: Incarcerated female offenders across the globe 65
Community corrections and reentry 68
Correctional programming for women 70
Conclusion 72
Suggested readings 72
Student engagement activities 72
Discussion questions 73
Key terms 73
References 74
4 Legal control over women’s bodies: Pregnancy and crime 82
Student learning outcomes 82
Introduction 82
Case study: Aleksa Lundberg 84
Involuntary sterilization and eugenics 85
Global perspectives: The sterilization of women across the globe 90
The criminalization of abortion 90
Special legal issues: One-child family policy in China and abortions 100
Criminalization of pregnant women 101
Shackling of pregnant inmates giving birth 105
Conclusion 108
Suggested readings 108
Student engagement activities 109
Discussion questions 109
Key terms 109
References 110
5 Sexual victimization 115
Student learning outcomes 115
Introduction 115
Case study: Sexual assault in India 116
Defining and prosecuting rape – then and now 118
Special legal issues: Legislative changes in India 119
The measurement of sexual victimization 120
Text box: National Violence Against Women definitions and survey questions 121
Prevalence of sexual victimization 122
Theories of rape 125
The social context of rape 128
Text box: Common rape myths from the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale 129
Types of sexual victimization 130
Global perspectives: Rape in wartime 136
The impact of rape on victims 136
Text box: “Remember My Name”: A poem written by a rape victim 137
Treatment of rape victims 139
Text box: Contents of a rape kit 140
Preventing sexual violence 144
Conclusion 144
Suggested readings 145
Student engagement activities 145
Discussion questions 146
Key terms 146
References 147
6 Domestic violence 153
Student learning outcomes 153
Introduction 153
When did society start to consider domestic violence to be a crime? 156
How many people are affected by family violence? 157
Global perspectives: Domestic violence across the globe 160
Theory and domestic violence 161
Special legal issues: Battered women syndrome defense in other countries 163
What are the risk factors associated with domestic assault? 164
Case study: Case A. Homicide–parasuicide involving a man killing his spouse 165
Domestic violence and other domestic relationships 167
Intimate partner violence and victim responses 168
What has been done legally? 168
Necessary criminal justice policy responses and domestic violence 170
Necessary social service agencies and medical professional responses to domestic violence 171
What programs exist for offenders? 173
Conclusion 173
Suggested readings 174
Student engagement activities 174
Discussion questions 175
Key terms 175
References 175
7 Victimization enabled by technology: Cyberbullying and related crimes 181
Student learning outcomes 181
Introduction 181
Bullying behavior and victimization 182
Text box: Statistics: Bullying statistics 2010 183
Global perspectives: Cyberbullying in the United Kingdom 188
Case study: Cyberbullying suicide in Italy 190
Cyberbullying laws 190
Necessary criminal justice policy responses to cyberbullying 191
Text box: Cyberbullying: What we know, What can we do? 193
Necessary social and community responses to cyberbullying 194
Conclusion 194
Suggested readings 195
Student engagement activities 195
Discussion questions 195
Key terms 195
References 196
8 Women and law enforcement 199
Student learning outcomes 199
Introduction 199
Case study: Malalai Kakar 200
History of women in policing 200
Global perspectives: Entry into policing and roles 202
Text box: Female police in Latin America 203
Special legal issues: Legal pathways for female officers in South Africa 207
Women and their employment in law enforcement 207
Global perspectives: Shared experiences/distinct differences 213
Conclusion 215
Suggested readings 215
Student engagement activities 215
Discussion questions 216
Key terms 216
References 216
9 Women in the courts 222
Student learning outcomes 222
Introduction 222
Case study: Kate Baker 223
History of women as lawyers and jurists 224
Global perspectives: Entry into the legal profession for women across the globe 225
Text Box: Bradwell v. State of Illinois, 83 U.S. 130 (Wall., 1872) 227
Women and their employment in the legal profession 231
Special legal issues: Discrimination in Iran 235
Text box: Women in the federal judiciary: Still a long way to go 236
Global perspectives: Female judges in Syria 238
Necessary legal system policy responses 239
Conclusion 239
Suggested readings 240
Student engagement activities 240
Discussion questions 240
Key terms 240
References 241
10 Women working with post-conviction offenders 244
Student learning outcomes 244
Introduction 244
Case study: Claire Lewis 245
History of women working in jails and prisons 245
Global perspectives: Entry into corrections for women across the globe 248
Special legal issues: Prison law of China 250
Challenges to women in the fi eld of corrections 251
Global perspectives: Women in corrections across the border 257
Effectiveness of women correctional workers 258
Conclusion 260
Suggested readings 260
Student engagement activities 261
Discussion questions 261
Key terms 261
References 262
11 Conclusion 266
Student learning outcomes 266
Introduction 266
Case study: The Australian rugby team and group sex session 269
Women, feminist criminology, and criminal justice 270
Global perspectives: Islamic feminism in the Middle East 271
Special legal issues: UN Bangkok Rules 272
Text box: International Women’s Day 2015 Theme: MAKE IT HAPPEN 272
Conclusion 276
Suggested readings 277
Student engagement activities 277
Discussion questions 277
Key term 277
Note 277
References 278
Glossary 281
Index 294
