Description

Book Synopsis
Drawing on a wealth of previously neglected data to fully describe all aspects of phonology, morphology, and syntax as well as historical development, this is the most comprehensive reference book published to date on southeastern Guatemala's four nearly

Table of Contents
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
  • CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGES AND THEIR SPEAKERS
    • 1.1. THE XINKAN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
    • 1.2. PAST WORK WITH THE XINKAN LANGUAGES
    • 1.3. THE XINKAN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
    • 1.4. ORGANIZATION OF THE GRAMMAR
      • 1.4.1. Description of data sources
  • PART I. THE USE OF THE XINKAN LANGUAGES: SYNCHRONIC GRAMMAR
    • CHAPTER 2. PHONOLOGY
      • 2.1. VOWELS
        • 2.1.1. Vowel length
        • 2.1.2. Vowel Harmony
      • 2.2. CONSONANTS
        • 2.2.1. Guazacapán
        • 2.2.2. Chiquimulilla
        • 2.2.3. Jumaytepeque
        • 2.2.4. Yupiltepeque
        • 2.2.5. Consonant distribution
      • 2.3. PHONOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS
        • 2.3.1. Glottalization
        • 2.3.2. Voicing of stop following a nasal
        • 2.3.3. Nasal assimilation
        • 2.3.4. Lenition to [h]
        • 2.3.5. Vowel raising
        • 2.3.6. Glottal-stop epenthesis
        • 2.3.7. Consonant dissimilation
        • 2.3.8. Guazacapan Consonant deletion
      • 2.4. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE
      • 2.5. STRESS
      • 2.6. ORTHOGRAPHY
    • CHAPTER 3. MORPHOLOGY
      • 3.1. NOUNS
        • 3.1.1. Possession
        • 3.1.2. Number
        • 3.1.3. Diminutive constructions
      • 3.2. ADJECTIVES
        • 3.2.1. Adjectives as modifiers of nouns
        • 3.2.2. Adjectives modified by ki ‘very’
        • 3.2.3. Comparative and Superlative Constructions
      • 3.3. DETERMINERS
        • 3.3.1. Articles
        • 3.3.2. Demonstratives
        • 3.3.3. Quantifiers
      • 3.4. NOUN PHRASES
      • 3.5. PRONOUNS
        • 3.5.1. Independent personal pronouns
        • 3.5.2. Dependent pronouns
      • 3.6. VERBS
        • 3.6.1. Verb classes and transitivity
        • 3.6.2. Subject agreement
        • 3.6.3. Grammatical aspect
        • 3.6.4. Imperative form
        • 3.6.5. Constrastive construction in Guazacpán
        • 3.6.6. Tense
        • 3.6.7. Grammatical Voice
        • 3.6.8. Mood and modality
      • 3.7. RELATIONAL NOUNS
      • 3.8. VERBAL PARTICLES
        • 3.8.1. p’e/p’eh directional
        • 3.8.2. wa optative
        • 3.8.3. Negative imperative particle in Guazacapán
        • 3.8.4. Verbs borrowed from Spanish
      • 3.9. NOMINAL PARTICLES
        • 3.9.1. kumu ‘as’
        • 3.9.2. ti’i- / t’i- direct object
        • 3.9.3. ‘i- reflexive in Guazacapán
        • 3.9.4. ki’
        • 3.9.5. kiki-/kih
      • 3.10. QUESTION WORDS
      • 3.11. CONJUNCTIONS
      • 3.12. DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY
        • 3.12.1. Noun derivations
        • 3.12.2. Adjective derivations
        • 3.12.3. Verbal derivation
    • CHAPTER 4. SYNTAX
      • 4.1. SYNTACTIC ALIGNMENT
        • 4.1.1. Grammatical relations
        • 4.1.2. Semantic relations
        • 4.1.3. Antipassive and verb agreement
      • 4.2. SIMPLE SENTENCE FORMATION
        • 4.2.1. Sentences with verbs
        • 4.2.2. Copular sentences
      • 4.3. QUESTION FORMATION
        • 4.3.1. Yes/no questions
        • 4.3.2. Content questions (wh-questions)
      • 4.4. PREPOSING
      • 4.5. NEGATION
      • 4.6. COMPLEX SENTENCE FORMATION
        • 4.6.1. Conjoined clauses
        • 4.6.2. Serial verb constructions
        • 4.6.3. Relative clauses
        • 4.6.4. Complement clauses
        • 4.6.5. Adverbial clauses
        • 4.6.6. Conditional clauses
    • CHAPTER 5. TEXT
      • 5.1. NA MULHA UY
  • PART II THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE XINKAN LANGUAGES: DIACHRONIC GRAMMAR
    • CHAPTER 6. HISTORICAL PHONOLOGY
      • 6.1. INTRODUCTION
      • 6.2. COMMENTARY ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-XINKAN
      • 6.3. PROTO-XINKAN PHONOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION
        • 6.3.1Consonants
        • 6.3.2. Vowel changes
      • 6.4. SUMMARY OF SOUND CHANGES
      • 6.5. SUBGROUPING
      • 6.6. CONCLUSION
    • CHAPTER 7. HISTORICAL MORPHOLOGY
      • 7.1. PRONOUNS AND PRONOMINAL AFFIXES
        • 7.1.1. Pronouns
        • 7.1.2. Pronominal affixes
      • 7.2. BOUND MORPHOLOGY
    • CHAPTER 8. HISTORICAL SYNTAX
      • 8.1OVERVIEW OF SYNTACTIC RECONSTRUCTION
      • 8.2. XINKAN SYNTACTIC RECONSTRUCTION
        • 8.2.1. Syntactic alignment
        • 8.2.2. Verb classes
        • 8.2.3. Word order
        • 8.2.4. Nominal syntax reconstruction
    • CHAPTER 9. LOOKING FORWARD
  • APPENDIX
  • REGULAR VERB CONJUGATION
  • IRREGULAR VERB CONJUGATION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • TYPOLOGICAL INDEX
  • TOPICAL INDEX
  • NOTES

The Use and Development of the Xinkan Languages

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      Publisher: University of Texas Press
      Publication Date: 28/06/2016
      ISBN13: 9781477308318, 978-1477308318
      ISBN10: 1477308318
      Also in:
      Sociolinguistics

      Description

      Book Synopsis
      Drawing on a wealth of previously neglected data to fully describe all aspects of phonology, morphology, and syntax as well as historical development, this is the most comprehensive reference book published to date on southeastern Guatemala's four nearly

      Table of Contents
      • LIST OF FIGURES
      • LIST OF TABLES
      • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
      • LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
      • CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGES AND THEIR SPEAKERS
        • 1.1. THE XINKAN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
        • 1.2. PAST WORK WITH THE XINKAN LANGUAGES
        • 1.3. THE XINKAN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
        • 1.4. ORGANIZATION OF THE GRAMMAR
          • 1.4.1. Description of data sources
      • PART I. THE USE OF THE XINKAN LANGUAGES: SYNCHRONIC GRAMMAR
        • CHAPTER 2. PHONOLOGY
          • 2.1. VOWELS
            • 2.1.1. Vowel length
            • 2.1.2. Vowel Harmony
          • 2.2. CONSONANTS
            • 2.2.1. Guazacapán
            • 2.2.2. Chiquimulilla
            • 2.2.3. Jumaytepeque
            • 2.2.4. Yupiltepeque
            • 2.2.5. Consonant distribution
          • 2.3. PHONOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS
            • 2.3.1. Glottalization
            • 2.3.2. Voicing of stop following a nasal
            • 2.3.3. Nasal assimilation
            • 2.3.4. Lenition to [h]
            • 2.3.5. Vowel raising
            • 2.3.6. Glottal-stop epenthesis
            • 2.3.7. Consonant dissimilation
            • 2.3.8. Guazacapan Consonant deletion
          • 2.4. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE
          • 2.5. STRESS
          • 2.6. ORTHOGRAPHY
        • CHAPTER 3. MORPHOLOGY
          • 3.1. NOUNS
            • 3.1.1. Possession
            • 3.1.2. Number
            • 3.1.3. Diminutive constructions
          • 3.2. ADJECTIVES
            • 3.2.1. Adjectives as modifiers of nouns
            • 3.2.2. Adjectives modified by ki ‘very’
            • 3.2.3. Comparative and Superlative Constructions
          • 3.3. DETERMINERS
            • 3.3.1. Articles
            • 3.3.2. Demonstratives
            • 3.3.3. Quantifiers
          • 3.4. NOUN PHRASES
          • 3.5. PRONOUNS
            • 3.5.1. Independent personal pronouns
            • 3.5.2. Dependent pronouns
          • 3.6. VERBS
            • 3.6.1. Verb classes and transitivity
            • 3.6.2. Subject agreement
            • 3.6.3. Grammatical aspect
            • 3.6.4. Imperative form
            • 3.6.5. Constrastive construction in Guazacpán
            • 3.6.6. Tense
            • 3.6.7. Grammatical Voice
            • 3.6.8. Mood and modality
          • 3.7. RELATIONAL NOUNS
          • 3.8. VERBAL PARTICLES
            • 3.8.1. p’e/p’eh directional
            • 3.8.2. wa optative
            • 3.8.3. Negative imperative particle in Guazacapán
            • 3.8.4. Verbs borrowed from Spanish
          • 3.9. NOMINAL PARTICLES
            • 3.9.1. kumu ‘as’
            • 3.9.2. ti’i- / t’i- direct object
            • 3.9.3. ‘i- reflexive in Guazacapán
            • 3.9.4. ki’
            • 3.9.5. kiki-/kih
          • 3.10. QUESTION WORDS
          • 3.11. CONJUNCTIONS
          • 3.12. DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY
            • 3.12.1. Noun derivations
            • 3.12.2. Adjective derivations
            • 3.12.3. Verbal derivation
        • CHAPTER 4. SYNTAX
          • 4.1. SYNTACTIC ALIGNMENT
            • 4.1.1. Grammatical relations
            • 4.1.2. Semantic relations
            • 4.1.3. Antipassive and verb agreement
          • 4.2. SIMPLE SENTENCE FORMATION
            • 4.2.1. Sentences with verbs
            • 4.2.2. Copular sentences
          • 4.3. QUESTION FORMATION
            • 4.3.1. Yes/no questions
            • 4.3.2. Content questions (wh-questions)
          • 4.4. PREPOSING
          • 4.5. NEGATION
          • 4.6. COMPLEX SENTENCE FORMATION
            • 4.6.1. Conjoined clauses
            • 4.6.2. Serial verb constructions
            • 4.6.3. Relative clauses
            • 4.6.4. Complement clauses
            • 4.6.5. Adverbial clauses
            • 4.6.6. Conditional clauses
        • CHAPTER 5. TEXT
          • 5.1. NA MULHA UY
      • PART II THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE XINKAN LANGUAGES: DIACHRONIC GRAMMAR
        • CHAPTER 6. HISTORICAL PHONOLOGY
          • 6.1. INTRODUCTION
          • 6.2. COMMENTARY ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-XINKAN
          • 6.3. PROTO-XINKAN PHONOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION
            • 6.3.1Consonants
            • 6.3.2. Vowel changes
          • 6.4. SUMMARY OF SOUND CHANGES
          • 6.5. SUBGROUPING
          • 6.6. CONCLUSION
        • CHAPTER 7. HISTORICAL MORPHOLOGY
          • 7.1. PRONOUNS AND PRONOMINAL AFFIXES
            • 7.1.1. Pronouns
            • 7.1.2. Pronominal affixes
          • 7.2. BOUND MORPHOLOGY
        • CHAPTER 8. HISTORICAL SYNTAX
          • 8.1OVERVIEW OF SYNTACTIC RECONSTRUCTION
          • 8.2. XINKAN SYNTACTIC RECONSTRUCTION
            • 8.2.1. Syntactic alignment
            • 8.2.2. Verb classes
            • 8.2.3. Word order
            • 8.2.4. Nominal syntax reconstruction
        • CHAPTER 9. LOOKING FORWARD
      • APPENDIX
      • REGULAR VERB CONJUGATION
      • IRREGULAR VERB CONJUGATION
      • BIBLIOGRAPHY
      • TYPOLOGICAL INDEX
      • TOPICAL INDEX
      • NOTES

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