Description
Book SynopsisHow can we explain metrical irregularities in Homeric phrases like ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην? What do such phrases tell us about the antiquity of the epic tradition? And how did doublet forms such as τέτρατος beside τέταρτος originate? In this book, you will find the first systematic and complete account of the syllabic liquids in Ancient Greek. It provides an up-to-date, comprehensive and innovative etymological treatment of material from all dialects, including Mycenaean. A new model of linguistic change in the epic tradition is used to tackle two hotly-debated problems: metrical irregularities in Homer (including muta cum liquida) and the double reflex. The proposed solution has important consequences for Greek dialect classification and the prehistory of Epic language and meter.
Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Preface List of Tables Abbreviations and Conventions 1 The Greek Reflexes of *r̥ and *l̥ Introduction 1.1 The Problem and Its Relevance 1.2 Environments with a Common Greek or Proto-Greek Reflex αρ, αλ 1.3 The o- and u-Colored Reflexes of *r̥ and *l̥ in the Environment *C_T 1.4 Previous Accounts of - versus - in Ionic-Attic 1.5 Accounting for *r̥ > - 1.6 Outlook 2 Mycenaean Reflexes of *r̥ and the Numeral ‘Four’ Introduction 2.1 Preliminary Remarks on the Use of Personal Names 2.2 An a-Colored Reflex in Mycenaean? 2.3 Evidence for an o-Colored Reflex 2.4 o-Series versus a-Series Spellings 2.5 Explaining the Orthographic Variation between ⟨Co-⟩ and ⟨Co-ro-⟩ 2.6 Ion.-Att. τέταρτος and an Early Simplification of *-tu̯- before *r̥ 2.7 A New Account of Myc. qe-to-ro- and Ion.-Att. τετρα τέτρατος 2.8 Conclusions regarding Mycenaean 3 Reflexes of *r̥ in the Alphabetic Dialects Introduction 3.1 The Alleged Cretan Liquid Metathesis 3.2 Other West Greek Dialects 3.3 The Aeolic Dialects 3.4 Arcado-Cyprian 3.5 Pamphylian 3.6 Conclusions 4 Reflexes of *r̥ and *l̥ in ‘Caland’ Formations Introduction 4.1 The Root Vocalism of Caland Formations in Greek and PIE 4.2 Analogical Reshaping and Re-derivation 4.3 Reflexes of *r̥ and *l̥ in the u-Stem Adjectives 4.4 *βλαδύς versus ἀμαλδύνω 4.5 θρασύς versus θαρσύνω 4.6 Conclusions 5 Reflexes of *r̥ in καρτερός, κράτος and Related Forms Introduction 5.1 Semantics and Etymology 5.2 The Allomorphy of κρατ- and καρτ- in Homer and Classical Greek 5.3 Conclusions concerning the Vocalization of *r̥ 6 Reflexes of *r̥ and muta cum liquida in Epic Greek Introduction 6.1 The Reflex - and the Metrical Behavior of κραδίη 6.2 Muta cum liquida Scansions in Homer 6.3 Wathelet’s Proposal for the Origin of McL in Homer 6.4 Criticism of Wathelet’s Scenario 6.5 Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence for McL in Homer 6.6 Avoidance of McL Scansion in Epic Greek 6.7 Epic *r̥: - Is the Regular Reflex of Artificially Retained *r̥ 6.8 The Evidence for - from Epic *r̥ 6.9 Less Certain Evidence for Epic *r̥ 6.10 Nonce Formations with - in Epic Greek 6.11 Conclusions 7 Epic Forms with - Introduction 7.1 The Dialectal Origin of Forms with - 7.2 -ρο- as a Conditioned Reflex of Epic *r̥ 7.3 Other Forms with - 7.4 Conclusions 8 The Reflexes - and - in Aorist Stems Introduction 8.1 The Evidence 8.2 The Regular Development *r̥ > - in the Thematic Aorist 8.3 The Pattern of Attestation of the Thematic Aorists with - 8.4 Epic *r̥ in the Thematic Aorist? 8.5 Pindaric δρακέντ- 8.6 Conclusions 9 Remaining Issues Concerning *r̥ Introduction 9.1 The Development of *-r̥s- in Ionic-Attic 9.2 Verbs with a Non-ablauting Root CraC- 9.3 An o-Colored Reflex in Attic? 9.4 The Development of *r̥n 9.5 Word-Final *-r̥ 9.6 Further Potential Evidence for - < *r̥ 9.7 Evidence for - and - Left out of Consideration 10 The Reflexes of *l̥ Introduction 10.1 Unknown, Doubtful, or Uncertain Etymologies 10.2 Cases of - and - Influenced by a Full Grade Form 10.3 The Pre-form Did Not Necessarily Contain *l̥ 10.4 Promising Evidence for *l̥ > - 10.5 The Development of *l̥n 10.6 Dialectal Evidence 10.7 Conclusions on *l̥ 11 Relative Chronology Introduction 11.1 The Vocalization of *r̥ as a late and dialectally different development 11.2 Dating the Vocalization of *r̥ in Ionic-Attic 11.3 Dating the Elimination of Epic *r̥ 11.4 Relative Chronology: Other Sound Changes 11.5 Conclusions 12 Conclusion Introduction 12.1 Philological Results and New Etymologies 12.2 Regular Reflexes of PGr. *r̥ in Dialects Other than Ionic and Attic 12.3 Special Reflexes of Proto-Greek *r̥ 12.4 The Reflexes of Proto-Greek *l̥ 12.5 The Double Reflex αρ versus ρα in Ionic-Attic 12.6 The Prehistory of the Epic Tradition 12.7 Relative Chronology and Subgrouping Bibliography Index
