Description
Book SynopsisIn The Massacre of the Innocents: Studies in the Cultural Afterlife of a Gospel Scene, Warren Carter examines some fifty instances of the interpretation of the Matthean “Massacre of the Innocents” (Matt 2:16-18). He emphasizes the agency of interpreters, who in their particular contexts and media, “think with” the shocking Matthean scene to address the often-tragic circumstances of their audiences. He argues throughout that the structure of the Gospel scene facilitates this “thinking with.” The scene is structured as a triad of power relations with a tyrant (Herod), victims (infants and parents), and violent means of tyranny (the massacre). Interpreters use this triad of power relations to identify tyrant/s, victims, and means of tyranny in their own situations. Carter illustrates the use of this triad of power relations across two millennia, in numerous socio-political contexts, and media as diverse as sermons, images, poems and hymns, dramas and festivals, films, novels, Christmas carols, and Children’s Bibles.
Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction
Section 1 Earliest Interpretations
Chapter 2 Proto-Gospel of James
Chapter 3 Irenaeus
Chapter 4 Cyprian
Section 2 First Millennium Sermons
Chapter 5 Chrysostom: Sermon 9 (d.407)
Chapter 6 Chrysologus: Sermon 152 (d. 450)
Chapter 7 Quodvultdeus: Two Homilies on the Creed (430s CE)
Chapter 8 Leo, Bishop of Rome (d.461)
Chapter 9 Our Martyrs Are Better: A Fifth Century Anonymous Sermon
Chapter 10 Caesarius: Sermon 222, “On the Feast of the Holy Innocents” (d.542)
Chapter 11 Venerable Bede (d.735)
Chapter 12 Hildegard of Bingen (d.1179)
Section 3 Images
Chapter 13 Women at Chartres Cathedral (13th Century)
Chapter 14 Matteo di Giovanni (d.1495)
Chapter 15 Pieter Bruegel (d.1569)
Chapter 16 The Chapel of Lucrezia della Rovere (16th Century)
Chapter 17 The Book of Common Prayer, William Faithorne (1653)
Chapter 18 William Rimmer, Massacre of the Innocents (1858)
Chapter 19 Julia Chavarría, Massacre of the Innocents (1981)
Chapter 20 Bessie Harvey, Slaughter of the Innocents (1985)
Chapter 21 Anker Eli Petersen “Scream From Ramah” (2001)
Chapter 22 Oppression of Indigenous Peoples: Kent Monkman (2015/2017)
Chapter 23 Kara Walker, Slaughter of the Innocents (2016)
Section 4 Poems/Hymns
Chapter 24 Ephrem, “Hymn Twenty-Four” (d.373)
Chapter 25 Prudentius, Cathemerinon 12 (c. 400)
Chapter 26 Paulinus and the Heavenly Play Center, “Poem 31” (c. 400)
Chapter 27 Romanos the Melodist, Kontakion 3 (d.556)
Chapter 28 Bede, “Hymn 1, For the Holy Innocents” (d.735)
Chapter 29 Giambattista Marino, La Strage degli Innocenti (The Slaughter of the Innocents) (1632)
Section 5 Dramas/Festivals
Chapter 30 Fleury Drama (c1200)
Chapter 31 York Mystery Plays (15th-16th Centuries)
Chapter 32 Chester Mystery Cycle: Play 10 (15th-16th Centuries)
Chapter 33 Festival de Máscaras de Hatillo, Puerto Rico
Section 6 Films
Chapter 34 Nicholas Ray, King of Kings (1961)
Chapter 35 Pier Paolo Pasolini, Il vangelo secondo Mattei/The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964)
Chapter 36 Franco Zeffirelli, Jesus of Nazareth (1977)
Chapter 37 Mark Dornford-May, Son of Man (2006)
Section 7 Novels
Chapter 38 Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)
Chapter 39 Albert Camus, The Fall (La Chute) (1956)
Chapter 40 José Saramago, The Gospel According to Jesus Christ (1991)
Chapter 41 Anne Rice, Christ the Lord (2005)
Section 8 Music
Chapter 42 Jacobus Clemens non Papa (d.1555): Motet, Vox in Rama
Chapter 43 Hector Berlioz’s (d.1869) Oratorio: L’Enfance du Christ/The Childhood of Christ (1854)
Chapter 44 Arthur Sullivan (d.1900) Oratorio: The Light of the World (1873)
Chapter 45 John Harbison (b.1938) Cantata: The Flight into Egypt (1987)
Section 9 Christmas Carols
Chapter 46 Coventry Carol: A Lament-Lullaby (“Lully, lulla, thou little tiny Child”) (1534/1591)
Chapter 47 George Wither (d. 1687): “That Rage Whereof the Psalm Doth Say” (1623)
Chapter 48 Luke Wadding, “For Innocents’ Day” (1684)
Chapter 49 Cecil Francis (Fanny) Alexander, “O Lord, the Holy Innocents” (1848)
Section 10 Children’s Bibles
Chapter 50 Children’s Bibles
