Description
Book SynopsisPenetrating and comprehensive, The Anatomy of Blackness shows that, far from being a monolithic idea, eighteenth-century Africanist discourse emerged out of a vigorous, varied dialogue that involved missionaries, slavers, colonists, naturalists, anatomists, philosophers, and Africans themselves.
Trade ReviewThis is an important contribution to an important topic. But it is also a model of how intellectual history should be done. Curran moves well beyond the parade of Big Thinkers that have long dominated the history of ideas. He reads them, to be sure, but he also reads what they read. By this technique, he moves deeper and deeper into the culture of ethnography, anatomy, and slavery in search of the origins and forms of 'Blackness.' -- Marshall Poe New Books in History Curran's approach to intellectual history is an exciting one that transcends the oft-written biographies and other author-centered discussions. His focus on trends and his immersion in the writings of the time creates an accurate rather than anachronistic mindset, which is truly useful for historians. -- Sarah Goodwin Alpata: A Journal of History A definitive statement on the complex, painful, and richly revealing topic of how the major figures of the French Enlightenment reacted to the enslavement of black Africans, often to their discredit. The fields of race studies and of Enlightenment studies are more than ready to embrace the type of analysis in which Curran engages, and all the more so in that his book is beautifully written and illustrated. -- Mary McAlpin Symposium A highly intelligent book on an important topic. The breadth of Andrew Curran's knowledge about the Enlightenment is astonishing... The book makes the convincing point not only that Africa is a major focus in the Enlightenment's imagination, but also that natural history and anthropology are central to understanding not only its scientific agenda, but also its humanitarian politics. -- Carl Niekerk Centaurus This engrossing, comprehensive study traces 18th-century European thought on anatomical blackness of Africans... Curran's ability to dissect and explain complicated arguments of the period's major thinkers is impressive. Choice Curran's Francotropism and medical background enable him to develop insights that should prove important to the ongoing transnationalization and discipline-blurring of literary and cultural studies. -- Ian Finseth Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment This study reveals with striking clarity the complex interaction of the science of human difference in this period with other strands of Enlightenment thought as well as the practices of (French) slave trading and colonial slavery. -- Carolyn Vellenga Berman H-France A major contribution to the study of the uses of natural history, the presence and absence of universalism in the Enlightenment, and the origins of modern racial thought. -- Martin S. Staum H-France Curran has produced a powerful argument about how Europeans defined not only Africans but themselves in the early modern period; about how depictions of the 'other' furnished slavers and planters with the necessary intellectual justifications for slavery; about how natural science has the (frightening) ability to define both body and soul. -- Jeremy L. Caradonna H-France The Anatomy of Blackness is an intense and challenging reading experience, but one that certainly repays the effort. -- Stephen Kenny Reviews in History The rise of racial science in the late eighteenth century has become a flourishing field of investigation over the past twenty or so years. Andrew S. Curran's The Anatomy of Blackness is a significant contribution to this scholarship... In trying to understand why these events unfolded so differently in each nation, Andrew Curran's study has greatly enlarged our knowledge of an emergent race science in "enlightened" France. -- Nicholas Hudson Bulletin of the History of Medicine This is a convincing piece of scholarship... a satisfying and clear analysis of how French writers (among other) constructed images of the African body that reflected, while often simultaneously silencing, the central role played by slavery in attracting European interest to the subject in the first place... This book will be read with interest and profit not only by scholars of the Enlightenment, but also those concerned with the history of racial thinking, slavery, the history of science, and Europe's engagement with the rest of the world. -- Rebecca Earle European History Quarterly
Table of ContentsPreface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Tissue Samples in the Land of Conjecture
Defining le Nègre
The New Africanist Discourse after 1740
The Contexts of Representation
Representing Africanist Discourse
Anatomizing the History of Blackness
1. Paper Trails: Writing the African, 1450–1750
The Early Africanists: The Episodic and the Epic
Rationalizing Africa
The Birth of the Caribbean African
Jean-Baptiste Labat
Labat on Africa
Processing the African Travelogue: Prévost's Histoire générale des voyages
Rousseau's Afrique
2. Sameness and Science, 1730–1750
The Origin of Shared Origins
Toward a "Scientific" Monogenesis
Historicizing the Human in an Era of Empiricism: The Role of the Albino
Creating the Blafard
Buffonian Monogenesis: The Nègre as Same
Blackness Qualified: Breaking down the Nègre
The Colonial African and the Rare Buffonian Je
3. The Problem of Difference: Philosophes and the Processing of African "Ethnography," 1750–1775
The "Symptoms" of Blackness: Africanist "Facts," 1750–1770
Montesquieu and the "Refutation" of Difference
The Nagging Context of Montesquieu's Antislavery Diatribe
Voltaire: The Philosophe as Essentialist
Voltaire and the Albino of 1744
Voltaire, the Nègre, and Human Merchandise
Processing Africa and Africans in the Encyclopédie
The Preternatural History of Black African Difference
Teaching Degeneration: Valmont de Bomare's Dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle
4. The Natural History of Slavery, 1770–1802
The Hardening of Climate Theory and the Birth of New Racial Categories circa 1770–1785
Toward a Human Biopolitics circa 1750–1770
The Politics of Slavery in the Encyclopédie
Mercier and Saint-Lambert and the New Natural History
The Synchretism of the 1770s: Grappling with "Nature's Mistreatment" of the Nègre
Anti-slavery Rhetoric in Raynal's Histoire des deux Indes
The Era of Negrophilia
Epilogue: The Natural History of the Noir in an Age of Revolution
Coda: Black Africans and the Enlightenment Legacy
Notes
Works Cited
Index
