Description
Book SynopsisIn this ambitious book, Kevin M. F. Platt focuses on a cruel paradox central to Russian history: that the price of progress has so often been the traumatic suffering of society at the hands of the state. The reigns of Ivan IV (the Terrible) and Peter the Great are the most vivid exemplars of this phenomenon in the pre-Soviet period. Both rulers have been alternately lionized for great achievements and despised for the extraordinary violence of their reigns. In many accounts, the balance of praise and condemnation remains unresolved; often the violence is simply repressed.
Platt explores historical and cultural representations of the two rulers from the early nineteenth century to the present, as they shaped and served the changing dictates of Russian political life. Throughout, he shows how past representations exerted pressure on subsequent attempts to evaluate these liminal figures. In ever-changing and often counterposed treatments of the two, Russians have debated the rel
Trade Review
Terror and Greatness integrates Kevin M. F. Platt's interest in memory and trauma with sharp, detailed analysis of classical images and texts in all their fragile materiality, which does not always survive the daggers of theory. This is a rare combination, but it should be definitive for the newest wave of cultural history.
* Times Literary Supplement *
"All countries spin their national myths around heroes. Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great, however, echo in Russian society less as heroes than as avatars, reflecting the outer limits of Russia's traumas. Platt treats the way Russian historians, writers, and artists since the early nineteenth century have tried to come to terms with the legacy of these overpowering figures—sometimes merging Peter's 'greatness' and Ivan’s 'terror' into a single, reinforcing unity and sometimes treating those qualities as polar opposites. Their struggle, as Platt traces it—from Nikolai Karamzin’s seminal early-nineteenth-century history of Russia, through Ilya Repin’s portrait of a horror-stricken Ivan holding the son he just murdered, to Stalin’s remaking of the two tsars into founders of Russian great power, to the use of Peter’s image to sell chocolates, cigarettes, and vodka in the 1990s—reflects the ambivalent, at times tortured, standing Ivan and Peter have in the country’s collective identity.
-- Robert Legvold * Foreign Affairs *
Platt examines how the evolving historical myths of Ivan and Peter illustrate and illuminate the unresolved and unresolvable tension in Russian culture created by the use of terror to achieve greatness. Platt shows that neither ruler had a monopoly on the quality usually attributed to him: Ivan the Terrible was also seen as great, Peter the Great was also seen as employing terror. Studying Ivan and Peter in tandem sheds unexpected light on the perception of Ivan and Peter in modern Russia. This superbly written book is ambitious, challenging, imaginative, original, erudite, and multidisciplinary.... It is an outstanding contribution to the study of Russian culture with implications for all disciplines of Russian studies.
-- Charles J. Halperin * H-Russia, H-Net Reviews *
This book is much more than a historiographical study of Ivan IV and Peter I as related Russian myths, although it succeeds on that level. Terror and Greatness raises the stakes to consider the larger parameters of their cultural images in a variety of media.... The book works extremely well on its own terms, and is very tightly written. The illustrative material is excellent.... Platt has given us much to consider in this ground-breaking analysis of modern Russian collective identity.
-- Marcus C. Levitt * Slavic and East European Journal *
This meticulously researched, highly original book... enhances our understanding of Ivan and Peter as Russian cultural myths and instruments of state control.... This is an outstanding work of scholarship that will benefit all specialists of modern Russia and, more broadly, readers with previous knowledge of the historiography and cultural artifacts covered in this book. They will better appreciate why Russia's leaders, in eschewing more liberal democratic directions, will continue to emphasize the cultural myths of Peter and Ivan to validate Russia’ need for strong central rule.
-- Thomas S. Pearson * The Historian *
Table of ContentsIntroduction: Toward a Cultural Historiography of Russia
Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great
Materials and Methods
Terror and Greatness1. Liminality
Liminal Heroes
History and Identity: Nikolai Karamzin and Nikolai G. Ustrialov
The Historical Novel as Ritual: Ivan Lazhechnikov's The Last Novice and Aleksei K. Tolstoi's Prince Serebrianyi2. Trauma
Terror as Greatness
Aleksandr Pushkin’s Petrine Project
Slavophiles and Westernizers3. Filicide
Page versus Stage
Bloody Fathers and Dead Children: Tsarevich Aleksei and Tsarevich Ivan
... and Canvas: The Murdered Tsareviches in Historical Painting4. Prognostication
History as Myth
Divination: Dmitrii Merezhkovskii’s Antichrist (Peter and Aleksei)
Dialectic: Pavel Miliukov’s The Outlines of Russian Cultural History
Irony’s Reprise: Ilia Repin’s Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan5. Rehabilitation
Stalinist Revisionism
The 1920s: History without Actors, Historiography without the State
Last Words: Andrei Shestakov’s Short Course in the History of the USSR5. Repetition
Analogy and Allegory
Afterimages: Aleksei N. Tolstoi’s Many Returns to Peter the Great
Allegory of Historiography: Sergei Eisenstein’s Ivan the TerribleConclusion: ReduxSelected Bibliography
Index
