Description
Book SynopsisAn essential guide to the ways data can improve decision making. Statistics are everywhere: in news reports, at the doctor's office, and in every sort of forecast, from the stock market to the weather. Blogger, teacher, and computer scientist Allen B. Downey knows well that people have an innate ability both to understand statistics and to be fooled by them. As he makes clear in this accessible introduction to statistical thinking, the stakes are big. Simple misunderstandings have led to incorrect medical prognoses, underestimated the likelihood of large earthquakes, hindered social justice efforts, and resulted in dubious policy decisions. There are right and wrong ways to look at numbers, and Downey will help you see which are which. Probably Overthinking It uses real data to delve into real examples with real consequences, drawing on cases from health campaigns, political movements, chess rankings, and more. He lays out common pitfallslike the base rate fallacy, length-biased sampling, and Simpson's paradoxand shines a light on what we learn when we interpret data correctly, and what goes wrong when we don't. Using data visualizations instead of equations, he builds understanding from the basics to help you recognize errors, whether in your own thinking or in media reports. Even if you have never studied statisticsor if you have and forgot everything you learnedthis book will offer new insight into the methods and measurements that help us understand the world.
Trade Review“Downey’s pure love for the subject shines through abundantly, as does his social conscience and belief in the importance of statistical methods to illuminate the greatest, most challenging issues of our time.” -- Aubrey Clayton, author of Bernoulli’s Fallacy: Statistical Illogic and the Crisis of Modern Science
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Probably Overthinking It shows how fascinating and interesting statistics can be. Readers don’t need to be expert mathematicians. They just need to bring their curiosity about the world.” -- Ravin Kumar, data scientist at Google
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Probably Overthinking It is a delightful exposition of commonly-encountered statistical fallacies and paradoxes and why they matter. The illustrations are powerful and the prose is exceptionally clear. There are few domains of human activity to which the lessons of this volume are not applicable.” -- Samuel H. Preston, coauthor of Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes
“Mark Twain once observed that ‘facts are stubborn things, but statistics are more pliable.’ Downey understands just how that happens, even to people who are not trying to obfuscate. It was an honest researcher who in 1971 found data that seemed to indicate smoking by pregnant women might be good for their babies—a misinterpretation that may have delayed anti-smoking measures by a decade. In this clear and cogent analysis, Downey explains why the data was misunderstood, as well as much else. It is a valuable book.” -- Floyd Norris, Johns Hopkins University, former chief financial correspondent for the New York Times
Table of ContentsIntroduction
1. Are You Normal? Hint: No
2. Relay Races and Revolving Doors
3. Defy Tradition, Save the World
4. Extremes, Outliers, and GOATs
5. Better Than New
6. Jumping to Conclusions
7. Causation, Collision, and Confusion
8. The Long Tail of Disaster
9. Fairness and Fallacy
10. Penguins, Pessimists, and Paradoxes
11. Changing Hearts and Minds
12. Chasing the Overton Window
Epilogue
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Index
