Description
Book SynopsisCompounds tagged with carbon14 and tritium are critical tools in research in biomedical sciences, discovery, and development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and investigations into the nature of chemical reactions and the ways living organisms incorporate and modify biological components.
Table of ContentsPreface.
Glossary.
Author Biographies.
1 Introduction.
1.1 Physical Properties of Tritium and Carbon-14.
1.2 Purification.
1.3 Analysis.
1.4 Stability and Storage of Compounds Labeled with Tritium or Carbon-14.
1.5 Specialist Techniques and Equipment.
References .
2 Strategies for Target Preparation.
2.1 Formulating Target Specifications.
2.2 Planning Radiotracer Preparations.
References.
3 Preparation of Tritium-Labeled Compounds by Isotope Exchange Reactions.
3.1 Homogeneous Acid- or Base-Catalyzed Exchange.
3.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis with Tritium in Solvent.
3.3 Heterogeneous Catalysis in Solution with Tritium Gas.
3.4 Homogeneous Catalysis in Solution with Tritiated Water.
3.5 Homogeneous Catalysis with Tritium Gas.
3.6 Solvent-Free Catalytic Exchange.
References.
4 Preparation of Tritium-Labeled Compounds by Chemical Synthesis.
4.1 Catalytic Tritiations.
4.2 Catalytic Tritiolyses.
4.3 Tritide Reductions.
4.4 Small Tritiated Building Blocks.
References.
5 Barium [14C]Carbonate and the Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via One-Carbon Building Blocks of the [14C]Carbon Dioxide Tree.
5.1 [14C]Carbon Dioxide (14CO2).
5.2 [14C]Carbon Monoxide (14CO).
5.3 [14C]Formic Acid (H14COOH).
5.4 [14C]Formaldehyde (H14CHO).
5.5 [14C]Methyl Iodide (14CH3I).
5.6 [14C]Nitromethane (14CH3NO2).
References.
6 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via Multi-Carbon Building Blocks of the [14C]Carbon Dioxide Tree.
6.1 [14C]Acetic Acid and Its Derivatives.
6.2 Halo[14C]acetates.
6.3 [14C]Acetone.
6.4 Alkyl [14C]Acetoacetate.
6.5 [14C]Malonates.
References.
7 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via the [14C]Cyanide Tree.
7.1 Metal [14C]Cyanides.
7.2 Preparation of Other Building Blocks from [14C]Cyanide.
References.
8 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via the [14C2]Acetylene Tree.
8.1 [14C2]Acetylene (H14C≡14CH).
8.2 [14C2]Acetaldehyde (14CH3 14CHO).
8.3 [1,2-14C2]Acetic Acid (14CH3 14COOH).
8.4 2-[2,3-14C2]Propyne-1-ol ([2,3-14C2]Propargyl Alcohol) and 2-[2,3-14C2]Butyne-1,4-diol.
8.5 Methyl [2,3-14C2]Propiolate (H14C≡14CCOOMe) and Dimethyl [2,3-14C2]Acetylenedicarboxylate (HOOC14C_14CCOOH).
8.6 1,2-[14C2]Dibromoethane (Br14CH2 14CH2Br).
8.7 [14C2]Ethylene Oxide.
8.8 [14Cn]Benzene and the Synthesis of Ring-Labeled Aromatic Compounds.
References.
9 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via the [14C]Cyanamide Tree.
9.1 [14C]Cyanamide (H2N14C≡N).
9.2 [14C]Guanidine (H2N14C=NH)NH2).
9.3 [14C]Urea, H2N14CONH2.
9.4 [14C]Thiourea, H2N14CSNH2 .
References.
10 Reconstitution Strategies.
10.1 Replacement Strategies.
10.2 Disconnection?Reconnection Strategies.
References.
11 Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds Labeled with Isotopes of Hydrogen and Carbon.
11.1 Resolution of Racemates.
11.2 Enantioselective Synthetic Methods.
11.3 Diastereoselective Synthetic Procedures.
References.
12 Biotransformations in the Preparation of Compounds Labeled with Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopes.
12.1 Applications of Isolated Enzymes.
12.2 Application of Cell-Containing Systems.
12.3 Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Key Intermediates for Reconstitution Approaches.
References.
Index.
