Description
Book SynopsisA boon for students and instructors of the language, culture, and literature of the Portuguese-speaking world, this language resource manual delves beyond the realm of traditional language textbooks.
Trade Review"This book provides an incredible wealth of information, including details and examples not found elsewhere. A worthy project." John Jensen Professor of Modern Languages, Florida International University
Table of Contents
- The Portuguese-Speaking World
- Preface and Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations, Symbols, and Diacritical Marks
- Phonetic Symbols
- Linguistic and Grammatical Terms in English and Portuguese
- Definitions of Linguistic and Grammatical Terms
- Orthographic Reforms
- Sound System
- Oral Vowels
- Oral Diphthongs
- Nasal Vowels
- Nasal Diphthongs
- Portuguese and Corresponding Spanish Vowels and Diphthongs
- Consonants
- Writing System and Accentuation
- Alphabet
- Letters Used to Transcribe Portuguese Sounds
- Capitalization
- Punctuation Marks and Commonly Used Typographic Symbols
- Diacritical Marks
- Syllables and Word Division
- Stress and Accentuation
- Words Stressed on the Second-to-Last Syllable (Proparoxytones)
- Words Stressed on the Next-to-Last Syllable (Paroxytones)
- Words Stressed on the Last Syllable (Oxytones)
- Portuguese, Spanish, and English Cognates
- Cognates
- Portuguese and Corresponding Spanish and English Sounds and Letters
- Portuguese and Corresponding Spanish Sounds and Letters
- Portuguese and Corresponding Spanish and English Prefixes
- Portuguese and Corresponding Spanish and English Suffixes
- Differences in Stress between Portuguese and Spanish Cognates
- True, Partial, and False Cognates
- Grammatical Categories
- Articles
- Definite and Indefinite Articles
- Contractions of Prepositions with Articles
- Nouns and Adjectives
- Adjectives
- Plural of Nouns and Adjectives
- Gender of Nouns and Adjectives
- Differences in Gender between Portuguese and Spanish Noun Cognates
- Placement of Adjectives with Nouns
- Diminutives and Augmentatives
- Numbers and Numerals
- Adverbs
- Comparatives and Superlatives
- Comparisons of Equality
- Comparisons of Superiority and Inferiority
- Relative Superlatives
- Absolute Superlatives
- Personal Pronouns
- Subject Pronouns
- Forms of Address
- Prepositional Pronouns and Contractions with Prepositions
- Direct Object Pronouns
- Indirect Object Pronouns
- Placement of Object Pronouns
- Reflexive Pronouns and Verbs
- Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
- Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
- Contractions of Prepositions with Demonstratives
- Relative Words
- Interrogative Words
- Affirmative, Negative, and Indefinite Words
- Prepositions
- Verbs and Corresponding Prepositions
- Conjunctions
- Verbs
- Impersonal and Personal Infinitive
- Past Participle and Compound Tenses and Forms
- Passive Voice
- Indicative Mood
- Present Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Imperfect (Preterite Imperfect) Tense
- Preterite (Preterite Perfect) Tense
- Preterite versus Imperfect
- Simple and Compound Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Tense
- Future Tense
- Future Perfect Tense
- Conditional Tense
- Conditional Perfect Tense
- Subjunctive Mood
- Present Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Past (Imperfect) Tense
- Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Tense
- Future Tense
- Future Perfect Tense
- Subjunctive in Subordinate Clauses
- Subjunctive in Noun Clauses
- Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses
- Subjunctive in Adverb Clauses
- Subjunctive in Conditional Sentences
- Subjunctive in Common Expressions
- Present Participle and Progressive Tenses and Forms
- Imperative Mood
- Impersonal Verbs and Expressions
- Verbs That Take an Indirect Object without a Direct Object
-
Ser versus Estar
- Ficar
-
Ter and Haver
-
Haver and Fazer in Expressions of Time
- Acabar
-
Saber versus Conhecer
- Verb and Other Grammar Charts
- Regular Verbs: Derivation of Tenses and Forms
- Regular Verbs
- Irregular Verbs
- Verb Tenses and Forms
- Present Indicative
- Imperfect (Preterite Imperfect) Indicative
- Preterite (Preterite Perfect) Indicative
- Simple Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Indicative
- Future Indicative
- Conditional
- Present Subjunctive
- Past (Imperfect) Subjunctive
- Future Subjunctive
- Personal Infinitive
- Past Participle
- Compound Tenses
- Present Participle and Progressive Tenses
- Imperative (Command Forms)
- Verbs and Expressions That Require the Subjunctive
- Personal Pronouns and Possessives
- Contractions of Direct with Indirect Object Pronouns
- Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns, and Contractions
- Contractions of Prepositions
- Relative Words
- Interrogative Words
- Affirmative and Negative Words
- Indefinite Words
- Irregular Comparatives and Relative Superlatives
- "Synthetic" Absolute Superlative Adjectives
- Adverbs and Adverb Phrases
- Prepositions
- Verb List
- Works Consulted
- Reference Works
- Textbooks
- Index of Topics
- Index of Portuguese Words and Phrases
