Description

Book Synopsis
Adopting an evidence-based approach, this book uses two state-of-the-art experimental studies to explore natureâs therapeutic benefits in healthcare environments, emphasizing how windows and transparent spaces can strengthen peopleânature interactions. High-quality, supportive, and patient-centred healthcare environments are a key priority for healthcare designers worldwide, with ageing populations creating a demand for remodeled and updated facilities. The first study demonstrates individual psychophysiological responses, moods, and preferences in simulated hospital waiting areas with different levels of visual access to nature through windows, while the second experiment uses cutting-edge immersive virtual reality techniques to explore how gardens and nature views impact peopleâs spatial cognition, wayfinding behaviors, and experience when navigating hospitals. Through these studies and discussions drawing on architectural theory, the book highlights the important benefits of having access to nature from hospital interiors. This concise volume will appeal to academics and designers interested in therapeutic landscapes and healthcare architecture.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS

List of figures

List of tables

Acknowledgements

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION1

Scope and Key Concepts 1

Organization 1

References 1

CHAPTER 2. THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF NATURE’S

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS 1

The Traditional Belief that Nature Heals1

Air, Water, and Places1

Trees, Flowers, and Herbs1

Salubrious Urban Landscape in the 19th Century 1

Nature’s Healing Mechanism: Contemporary Studies and Schools of Thoughts1

Therapeutic Landscapes through the Lens of Medical Geography 1

Evolutionary Perspectives1

Biophilia and Biophilic Design1

Attention-Restoration Theory 1

Stress Reduction and the Aesthetic-Affective Model 1

Toward an Integrative Framework 1

References 1

CHAPTER 3. RECONNECT PEOPLE AND NATURE THROUGH WINDOWS IN HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENTS 1

Effects of Windows and No Windows1

Windowed versus Windowless Environments1

Window Attributes1

Size and shape of windows1

Distances to the window1

Content and Quality of Window Views1

Views of nature versus built environments1

Complexity of window views1

Windows and Natural Daylight1

Visual and Thermal Comfort1

Windows, Views, and Daylight in Healthcare Environments1

Windows in Healthcare Environments1

Window effects for patients1

Window effects for staff 1

Natural Daylight in Healthcare Environments1

Natural daylight for patients1

Natural daylight for staff1

References 1

CHAPTER 4. HOSPITAL GREENSPACES AND SOME USAGE ISSUES 1

People–Nature Relationship in Hospitals in History1

A General Negligence 1

From Courtyard Hospitals to Pavilion Plans1

Lessons Learned from Tuberculosis Sanatoriums1

Tuberculosis Sanatorium Movement 1

Paimio Sanatorium1

The site1

The windows1

The indoor–outdoor transition1

Greenspaces in Contemporary Hospitals 1

The Revival of Hospital Greenspaces1

Current Usage Issues of Hospital Greenspaces through Post Occupancy Evaluations1

Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)1

Study Sites1

Findings from the Site Evaluation and Audit 1

Focus Group Results 1

Visual and experiential quality1

Wellness programs and supportive features1

Landscape maintenance and operation1

Garden Locations Matter1

References 1

CHAPTER 5. TRANSPARENCY AND TRANSPARENT SPACES

IN HOSPITAL DESIGN: FROM THEORIES TO PRACTICES1

Phenomenal Transparency and Spatial Continuity as an Urban Approach 1

Transparency: From Rowe and Slutzky (1963) to Hoesli (1997)1

Phenomenal Transparency and Spatial Continuity 1

A Continuum of Indoor–Outdoor Spaces 1

Phenomenal Transparency: An Urban Design Approach 1

Lessons Learned from the Venice Hospital1

A Preliminary Pattern Language of Transparent Spaces in Hospitals1

Pattern 1: Hierarchy of Landscape Realms1

Pattern 2: Courtyards that Breathe1

Pattern 3: Courtyards that Breathe1

Pattern 4: Positive Outdoor Spaces1

Pattern 5: Micro-Landscapes Along Narrow Wings 1

Pattern 6: Cascading Roof Terraces 1

Pattern 7: Transparent Arteries 1

Pattern 8: Landscaped Arrival Zones 1

Pattern 9: Dematerialized Edges 1

Pattern 10: Atrium Gardens and Lightwells 1

Pattern 11: Sequestered Gardens 1

Pattern 12: Therapeutic Viewing Places1

References 1

CHAPTER 6. THE EFFECTS OF WINDOWS AND TRANSPARENCY ON PEOPLE’S WAITING EXPERIENCE IN HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS 1

Research Questions and Hypotheses1

Research Design1

Study 1: Image Selection1

Study 2: The Survey-Embedded Quasi-Experiment1

Data Analysis and Results1

Stress-Inducing Effect of Watching A Movie Stressor1

Comparison of Psychophysiology Readings1

Comparison of Mood Scores1

Visual Preference Analysis 1

Comparison of means1

Level of transparency and visual preference 1

Seat arrangement and visual preference 1

Correlations among Psychophysiology Readings, Mood States, and Visual Preference1

Factor Analysis1

Six factors1

Between-group comparison of visual preference scores by factors1

Contribution to Existing Knowledge1

Implications for Hospital Waiting Area Design1

Spatial Layout, Amenities, and Aesthetics1

Positive Distractions1

Privacy, Support, and Control1

Seating and Furniture1

Health Information and Resources 1

References 1

CHAPTER 7. THE EFFECTS OF WINDOWS AND TRANSPARENCY ON PEOPLE’S WAYFINDING BEHAVIORS AND NAVIGATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN HOSPITALS1

Large Hospitals and the Wayfinding Issues1

Research Questions and Hypotheses1

Research Design1

Experiment Setup1

Measurements and Data Collection Procedures1

Data Analysis and Results1

Wayfinding Performance and Behaviors in IVE Hospitals 1

Participants’ Mood States Scores 1

Environmental Attractiveness and Atmosphere Metrics Scores1

Level of Presence in IVE Hospitals 1

Preliminary Findings from Interviews 1

Additional Takeaways1

Summary of Findings from the Current Study1

Additional Implications for Healthcare Circulation Spaces Design1

Spatial Configuration and Design Elements1

Environmental Identity, Signs, and Landmarks1

Wayfinding Systems and Technology1

For Specialty Facilities and Vulnerable Patients1

References 1

CHAPTER 8. CASE STUDIES1

Pattern 1: Hierarchy of Landscape Realms1

Pattern 2: Courtyards that Breathe1

Pattern 3: Courtyards that Breathe1

Pattern 4: Positive Outdoor Spaces1

Pattern 5: Micro-Landscapes Along Narrow Wings 1

Pattern 6: Cascading Roof Terraces 1

Pattern 7: Transparent Arteries 1

Pattern 8: Landscaped Arrival Zones 1

Pattern 9: Dematerialized Edges 1

Pattern 10: Atrium Gardens and Lightwells 1

Pattern 11: Sequestered Gardens 1

Pattern 12: Therapeutic Viewing Places1

References 1

CHAPTER 9. TOWARD THE SHIFTED PARADIGMS FOR HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN 1

Patient-Centered Care and User-Centered Design1

Integrating Evidence-Based Research and Design1

The Shifting Paradigms of Hospital Environment Design1

Roles of Landscape Architects1

Trends of Hospital Greenspaces in the Pandemic Context1

Disappearing Waiting Rooms: Wait in a Garden! 1

Expanded Public Spaces with Integrated Nature Experience1

Gardens in Intensive Care Units1

Toward the Concept of Community Wellness Centers1

References 1

INDEX

Nature through a Hospital Window

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    A Paperback by Shan Jiang

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      View other formats and editions of Nature through a Hospital Window by Shan Jiang

      Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      Publication Date: 9/25/2023 12:00:00 AM
      ISBN13: 9780367641078, 978-0367641078
      ISBN10: 0367641070
      Also in:
      Architecture Architecture: interior design Architecture: professional practice

      Description

      Book Synopsis
      Adopting an evidence-based approach, this book uses two state-of-the-art experimental studies to explore natureâs therapeutic benefits in healthcare environments, emphasizing how windows and transparent spaces can strengthen peopleânature interactions. High-quality, supportive, and patient-centred healthcare environments are a key priority for healthcare designers worldwide, with ageing populations creating a demand for remodeled and updated facilities. The first study demonstrates individual psychophysiological responses, moods, and preferences in simulated hospital waiting areas with different levels of visual access to nature through windows, while the second experiment uses cutting-edge immersive virtual reality techniques to explore how gardens and nature views impact peopleâs spatial cognition, wayfinding behaviors, and experience when navigating hospitals. Through these studies and discussions drawing on architectural theory, the book highlights the important benefits of having access to nature from hospital interiors. This concise volume will appeal to academics and designers interested in therapeutic landscapes and healthcare architecture.

      Table of Contents

      CONTENTS

      List of figures

      List of tables

      Acknowledgements

      CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION1

      Scope and Key Concepts 1

      Organization 1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 2. THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF NATURE’S

      THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS 1

      The Traditional Belief that Nature Heals1

      Air, Water, and Places1

      Trees, Flowers, and Herbs1

      Salubrious Urban Landscape in the 19th Century 1

      Nature’s Healing Mechanism: Contemporary Studies and Schools of Thoughts1

      Therapeutic Landscapes through the Lens of Medical Geography 1

      Evolutionary Perspectives1

      Biophilia and Biophilic Design1

      Attention-Restoration Theory 1

      Stress Reduction and the Aesthetic-Affective Model 1

      Toward an Integrative Framework 1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 3. RECONNECT PEOPLE AND NATURE THROUGH WINDOWS IN HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENTS 1

      Effects of Windows and No Windows1

      Windowed versus Windowless Environments1

      Window Attributes1

      Size and shape of windows1

      Distances to the window1

      Content and Quality of Window Views1

      Views of nature versus built environments1

      Complexity of window views1

      Windows and Natural Daylight1

      Visual and Thermal Comfort1

      Windows, Views, and Daylight in Healthcare Environments1

      Windows in Healthcare Environments1

      Window effects for patients1

      Window effects for staff 1

      Natural Daylight in Healthcare Environments1

      Natural daylight for patients1

      Natural daylight for staff1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 4. HOSPITAL GREENSPACES AND SOME USAGE ISSUES 1

      People–Nature Relationship in Hospitals in History1

      A General Negligence 1

      From Courtyard Hospitals to Pavilion Plans1

      Lessons Learned from Tuberculosis Sanatoriums1

      Tuberculosis Sanatorium Movement 1

      Paimio Sanatorium1

      The site1

      The windows1

      The indoor–outdoor transition1

      Greenspaces in Contemporary Hospitals 1

      The Revival of Hospital Greenspaces1

      Current Usage Issues of Hospital Greenspaces through Post Occupancy Evaluations1

      Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)1

      Study Sites1

      Findings from the Site Evaluation and Audit 1

      Focus Group Results 1

      Visual and experiential quality1

      Wellness programs and supportive features1

      Landscape maintenance and operation1

      Garden Locations Matter1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 5. TRANSPARENCY AND TRANSPARENT SPACES

      IN HOSPITAL DESIGN: FROM THEORIES TO PRACTICES1

      Phenomenal Transparency and Spatial Continuity as an Urban Approach 1

      Transparency: From Rowe and Slutzky (1963) to Hoesli (1997)1

      Phenomenal Transparency and Spatial Continuity 1

      A Continuum of Indoor–Outdoor Spaces 1

      Phenomenal Transparency: An Urban Design Approach 1

      Lessons Learned from the Venice Hospital1

      A Preliminary Pattern Language of Transparent Spaces in Hospitals1

      Pattern 1: Hierarchy of Landscape Realms1

      Pattern 2: Courtyards that Breathe1

      Pattern 3: Courtyards that Breathe1

      Pattern 4: Positive Outdoor Spaces1

      Pattern 5: Micro-Landscapes Along Narrow Wings 1

      Pattern 6: Cascading Roof Terraces 1

      Pattern 7: Transparent Arteries 1

      Pattern 8: Landscaped Arrival Zones 1

      Pattern 9: Dematerialized Edges 1

      Pattern 10: Atrium Gardens and Lightwells 1

      Pattern 11: Sequestered Gardens 1

      Pattern 12: Therapeutic Viewing Places1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 6. THE EFFECTS OF WINDOWS AND TRANSPARENCY ON PEOPLE’S WAITING EXPERIENCE IN HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS 1

      Research Questions and Hypotheses1

      Research Design1

      Study 1: Image Selection1

      Study 2: The Survey-Embedded Quasi-Experiment1

      Data Analysis and Results1

      Stress-Inducing Effect of Watching A Movie Stressor1

      Comparison of Psychophysiology Readings1

      Comparison of Mood Scores1

      Visual Preference Analysis 1

      Comparison of means1

      Level of transparency and visual preference 1

      Seat arrangement and visual preference 1

      Correlations among Psychophysiology Readings, Mood States, and Visual Preference1

      Factor Analysis1

      Six factors1

      Between-group comparison of visual preference scores by factors1

      Contribution to Existing Knowledge1

      Implications for Hospital Waiting Area Design1

      Spatial Layout, Amenities, and Aesthetics1

      Positive Distractions1

      Privacy, Support, and Control1

      Seating and Furniture1

      Health Information and Resources 1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 7. THE EFFECTS OF WINDOWS AND TRANSPARENCY ON PEOPLE’S WAYFINDING BEHAVIORS AND NAVIGATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN HOSPITALS1

      Large Hospitals and the Wayfinding Issues1

      Research Questions and Hypotheses1

      Research Design1

      Experiment Setup1

      Measurements and Data Collection Procedures1

      Data Analysis and Results1

      Wayfinding Performance and Behaviors in IVE Hospitals 1

      Participants’ Mood States Scores 1

      Environmental Attractiveness and Atmosphere Metrics Scores1

      Level of Presence in IVE Hospitals 1

      Preliminary Findings from Interviews 1

      Additional Takeaways1

      Summary of Findings from the Current Study1

      Additional Implications for Healthcare Circulation Spaces Design1

      Spatial Configuration and Design Elements1

      Environmental Identity, Signs, and Landmarks1

      Wayfinding Systems and Technology1

      For Specialty Facilities and Vulnerable Patients1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 8. CASE STUDIES1

      Pattern 1: Hierarchy of Landscape Realms1

      Pattern 2: Courtyards that Breathe1

      Pattern 3: Courtyards that Breathe1

      Pattern 4: Positive Outdoor Spaces1

      Pattern 5: Micro-Landscapes Along Narrow Wings 1

      Pattern 6: Cascading Roof Terraces 1

      Pattern 7: Transparent Arteries 1

      Pattern 8: Landscaped Arrival Zones 1

      Pattern 9: Dematerialized Edges 1

      Pattern 10: Atrium Gardens and Lightwells 1

      Pattern 11: Sequestered Gardens 1

      Pattern 12: Therapeutic Viewing Places1

      References 1

      CHAPTER 9. TOWARD THE SHIFTED PARADIGMS FOR HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN 1

      Patient-Centered Care and User-Centered Design1

      Integrating Evidence-Based Research and Design1

      The Shifting Paradigms of Hospital Environment Design1

      Roles of Landscape Architects1

      Trends of Hospital Greenspaces in the Pandemic Context1

      Disappearing Waiting Rooms: Wait in a Garden! 1

      Expanded Public Spaces with Integrated Nature Experience1

      Gardens in Intensive Care Units1

      Toward the Concept of Community Wellness Centers1

      References 1

      INDEX

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