In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Euro-American citizenry of California carried out mass genocide against the Native population of their state, using the processes and mechanisms of democracy to secure land and resources for themselves and their private interests. The murder, rape, and enslavement of thousands of Native people were legitimized by notions of democracy—in this case mob rule—through a discreetly organized and brutally effective series of petitions, referenda, town hall meetings, and votes at every level of California government.
Murder State is a comprehensive examination of these events and their early legacy. Preconceptions about Native Americans as shaped by the popular press and by immigrants’ experiences on the Overland Trail to California were used to further justify the elimination of Native people in the newcomers’ quest for land. The allegedly “violent nature” of Native peopl
Trade Review"[
Murder State is] one of the most important works ever published on the history of American Indians in California in the mid-nineteenth century."—Steven Newcomb,
Indian Country “A significant historical account detailing white pioneers perpetrating genocide against California Indians. . . . [Employs] compelling evidence.”—Clifford E. Trafzer,
Journal of American Studies “Lindsay’s methodology and conclusions . . . highlight important questions for scholars to ask of frontier societies, their legal systems, and their citizens.”—Brenden Rensink,
Western Historical Quarterly “Perhaps the most provocative aspect of his book is Lindsay’s connection of American democracy to the killing of Indians.”—Robert G. Lee,
American Historical Review
“Democracy and genocide are two activities that most would declare antagonistic. Yet Brendan Lindsay presents primary evidence that reveals the hatred and murderous acts committed by early Californians and government officials, as a grassroots movement, to settle the ‘Golden State’ by exterminating and dispossessing Native peoples of their ancestral homelands.”—Jack Norton, Hupa historian and emeritus professor of Native American studies, Humboldt State University
“Historian Brendan Lindsay has documented the attempted extermination of California’s first people and provided a detailed, comprehensive historical treatment of California’s genocide. He offers a groundbreaking study that will change the historiography of California and genocide studies—a penetrating but readable book that will quickly become a classic.”—Larry Myers (Pomo), executive secretary of the California Native American Heritage Commission
Table of ContentsList of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Defining Genocide
Part 1. Imagining Genocide
Introduction
1. The Core Values of Genocide
2. Emigrant Guides
3. The Overland Trail Experience
Part 2. Perpetrating Genocide
Introduction
4. The Economics of Genocide in Southern California
5. Democratic Death Squads of Northern California
Part 3. Supporting Genocide
Introduction
6. The Murder State
7. Federal Bystanders to and Agents of Genocide
8. Advertising Genocide
Conclusion: At a Crossroads in the Genocide
Epilogue: Forgetting and Remembering Genocide
Notes
Bibliography
Index
