Description
Book Synopsis.
Trade ReviewModern Art is a global approach and a revision of the modern and contemporary art historical canon, focusing on works of art that visualize socio-political, economic, and cultural changes that took/are taking place in the world. This text features both enormously famous artists as well as those who have received little scholarly attention by art historians, serving as a more inclusive text than traditional examples."-Ashley Lindeman, Johnson County Community College
This is an excellent textbook on modern art with illuminating discussions and analyses of major art movements, themes, artists, and their works. Its articulation of art history concepts and terms is concise and easy for students to understand and follow. Its highly inclusive selection of artists and artworks makes it the best modern art text for college students so far."-Zhijian Qian, New York City College of Technology, CUNY
Table of ContentsIntroduction Modernist Innovation versus Academic Convention: Some Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Examples Neoclassicism and Romanticism: Precursors to Modern Art Chapter 1: Realism, Early Photography, and Impressionism in France, Britain, and the United States, c. 1850-1880 Realism in France Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) Jean-Francois Millet (1814-1875) Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899) Realism in Britain: The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood John Everett Millais (1829-1896) Ford Madox Brown (1821-1893) The Later Pre-Raphaelite Movement The Aesthetic Movement: James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834-1903) Early Photography The Early Technical Development of Photography Photography as Art Oscar Rejlander (1813-1875) Gustave Le Gray (1820-1884) Masters of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Portrait Photography: Nadar and Julia Margaret Cameron Nadar (1820-1910) Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879) Documentary Photography The Painting of Modern Life: Édouard Manet (1832-1883) Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (1863) Olympia (1863) Manet's Last Major Painting: A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (1882) Impressionism Claude Monet (1840-1926) Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) Edgar Degas (1834-1917) Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) Realism in Later Nineteenth-Century American Painting Winslow Homer (1836-1910) Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859-1937) Chapter 2: Post-Impressionism and Symbolism: Painting and Sculpture in Europe, c. 1886-1910 Post-Impressionist Painters of Modern Life: Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Georges Seurat (1859-1891) Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) Symbolism Precursors of Symbolism: Gustave Moreau, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, and Odilon Redon Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) Precursors of Expressionism: Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch, and James Ensor Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) Edvard Munch (1863-1944) James Ensor (1860-1949) Late Ninteenth-Century Modern Sculpture in France Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) Camille Claudel (1864-1943) Medardo Rosso (1858-1928) The Nabis Édouard Vuillard (1688-1940) and Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947) Chapter 3: Expressionism in France, Germany, and Austria Fauvism The Fauvism of Henri Matisse (1869-1954) Matisse after Fauvism André Derain (1880-1954) and Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958) Émilie Charmy (1878-1974) Contemporaries of the Fauves: Georges Rouault and Aristide Maillol Georges Rouault (1871-1958) Aristide Maillol (1861-1944) German Art at the Turn of the Century Paula Modersohn-Becker (1876-1907) Käthe Kollwitz (1867-1945) Die Brücke Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938) Erich Heckel (1883-1970) Emil Nolde (1867-1956) German Expressionist Sculpture Ernst Barlach (1870-1938) Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919) Der Blaue Reiter Vasily Kandinsky (1866-1944) Gabriele Münter (1877-1962) Franz Marc (1880-1916) Paul Klee (1879-1940) Expressionism in Austria Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980) Egon Schiele (1890-1918) Chapter 4: The Cubist Revolution Pablo Picasso (1881-1973): His Early Career Georges Braque (1882-1963): His Early Career Picasso's and Braque's Development of Cubism Analytic Cubism: 1909-1911 Collage, Papier Collé, Assemblage, and Synthetic Cubism: 1912-1914 Cubist Sculpture Alexander Archipenko (1887-1964) Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918) Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973) Salon Cubism Marie Laurencin (1883-1956) Juan Gris (1887-1927) María Blanchard (1881-1932) Fernand Léger (1881-1955) Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) Sonia Delaunay-Terk (1885-1979) Frantisek Kupka (1871-1957) Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) Futurism Giacomo Balla (1871-1958) Anton Giulio Bragaglia (1890-1960) Gino Severini (1883-1966) Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916) Antonio Sant'Elia (1888-1916) Vorticism Chapter 5: Modern Architecture in Western Europe and the United States, Late Nineteenth Century to World War I Beaux-Arts Architecture: Charles Garnier's Paris Opéra Iron Architecture for the International Expositions William Morris (1834-1896) and the Arts and Crafts Movement C. F. A. Voysey (1857-1941) Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928) Art Nouveau Victor Horta (1861-1947) Hector Guimard (1867-1942) Antoni Gaudí (1852-1926) Turn-of-the-Century Modern Architecture in Vienna Otto Wagner (1841-1918) The Vienna Secession Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908) Josef Hoffmann (1870-1956) Adolf Loos (1870-1933) The New American Architecture H. H. Richardson (1838-1886) The Chicago School and the Rise of the Skyscraper Louis Sullivan (1856-1924) and the "Tall Building Artistically Considered" The White City Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) Early Twentieth-Century Modern Architecture in Germany: The Deutscher Werkbund Peter Behrens (1868-1940) Walter Gropius (1883-1969) and Adolf Meyer (1881-1929) Chapter 6: The Russian Avant-Garde, De Stijl, and the Bauhaus The Avant-Garde in Russia Mikhail Larionov (1881-1964) and Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962) Liubov Popova (1889-1924) Kazimir Malevich (1879-1935) and Suprematism El Lissitzky (1890-1941) Vladimir Tatlin (1885-1953) Constructivism Aleksandr Rodchenko (1891-1956) Varvara Stepanova (1894-1958) Naum Gabo (1890-1977) and Antoine (Anton) Pevsner (1886-1962) De Stijl Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) Theo van Doesburg (1883-1931) Gerrit Rietveld (1888-1964) The Bauhaus Walter Gropius's Bauhaus Building Paul Klee (1879-1940) Vasily Kandinsky (1866-1944) László Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946) Marianne Brandt (1893-1983) Josef Albers (1888-1976) Gunta Stölzl (1897-1983) Anni Albers (1889-1994) Chapter 7: Dada and the New Objectivity Zurich Dada Jean (Hans) Arp (1886-1966) Sophie Taeuber-Arp (1889-1943) New York Dada Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) Francis Picabia (1879-1953) Man Ray (1890-1976) Dada in Germany Raoul Hausmann (1886-1971) Hannah Höch (1889-1978) John Heartfield (1891-1968) Kurt Schwitters (1887-1948) Max Ernst (1891-1976) The New Objectivity George Grosz (1893-1959) Otto Dix (1891-1969) August Sander (1876-1964) Max Beckmann (1884-1950) Chapter 8: Surrealism Surrealist Visual Art Early Twentieth-Century Precursors of Surrealism: Henri Rousseau (1844-1910), Marc Chagall (1887-1985), and Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978) Abstract Surrealist Painting André Masson (1896-1987) Joan Miró (1893-1983) Max Ernst (1891-1976) Matta (1911-2002) Illusionistic Surrealist Painting Yves Tanguy (1900-1955) Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) René Magritte (1898-1967) Leonora Carrington (1917-2011) Dorothea Tanning (1910-2012) Surrealist Sculpture Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966) Jean Arp (1886-1966) The Surrealist Object Meret Oppenheim (1913-1985) Surrealism and Photography Eugène Atget (1857-1927) Man Ray (1890-1976) Raoul Ubac (1910-1985) Dora Maar (1907-1997) Claude Cahun (1894-1954) André Kertész (1894-1985) Brassaï (1899-1984) Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908-2004) Chapter 9: Art in France and England between the World Wars Les Maudits Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920) Chaïm Soutine (1893-1943) Suzanne Valadon (1865-1938) The Later Work of Henri Matisse The Later Work of Georges Braque The Later Work of Pablo Picasso School of Paris Sculpture Julio González (1876-1942) Jacques Lipchitz's Later Work Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957) The Later Work of Fernand Léger Purism Modern Art in England between the Wars Stanley Spencer (1891-1959) Paul Nash (1889-1946) The Early Work of Henry Moore (1898-1986) The Early Work of Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975) Ben Nicholson (1894-1982) Chapter 10: Modern Art in the United States, Canada, and Latin America, c. 1900-1945 Modern Realism in New York: The Ashcan School Robert Henri (1865-1929) George Bellows (1882-1925) Art and Reform: Abastenia St. Leger Eberle (1878-1942) and Lewis Hine (1874-1940) Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) and the Rise of Abstraction Gertrude Käsebier (1852-1934) Stieglitz as a Photographer Stieglitz's Support of American Painters Arthur Dove (1880-1946) and John Marin (1870-1953) Marsden Hartley (1877-1943) Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986) Modernist Photography in California: Edward Weston (1886-1958) and Group f.64 The Machine Aesthetic and Precisionism Charles Demuth (1883-1935) Charles Sheeler (1883-1965) The Harlem Renaissance Aaron Douglas (1899-1979) James Van Der Zee (1886-1983) Augusta Savage (1892-1962) Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000) Picturing the American Scene Edward Hopper (1882-1967) Thomas Hart Benton (1889-1975) John Steuart Curry (1897-1946) and Grant Wood (1891-1942) Ben Shahn (1898-1969) Photographers of Rural Poverty: Dorothea Lange (1895-1965) and Walker Evans (1903-1975) US Abstraction in the 1930s Stuart Davis (1892-1964) Alexander Calder (1898-1976) Modern Art in Canada Tom Thomson (1877-1917) and the Group of Seven Lawren Harris (1885-1970) Emily Carr (1871-1945) Modern Art in Latin America Brazil Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973) Mexico Diego Rivera (1886-1957) Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) Manuel Álvarez Bravo (1902-2002) Cuba Amelia Peláez (1896-1968) Wifredo Lam (1902-1982) Uruguay: Joaquín Torres-García (1874-1949) Argentina Xul Solar (1887-1963) Concrete Abstraction in Argentina Chapter 11: Modern Art in Asia: India, Japan, Korea, and China, c. 1900-1945 India Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951) Gaganendranath Tagore (1867-1938) Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) Amrita Sher-Gil (1913-1941) Jamini Roy (1887-1972) Japan Ernest Fenollosa, Okakura Kakuzo, and Nihonga Yokoyama Taikan (1868-1958) and Hishida Shunso (1874-1911) Yoga: Kuroda Seiki (1866-1924) The Fuzainkai and the Nikakai Yorozu Tetsugoro (1885-1927) Mavo Surrealism Korea Ko Hui-dong (1886-1965) Kim Kwan-ho (1890-1959) The Choson Art Exhibition, Local Colors, and Lee-In-sung (1912-1950) The New Woman Abstraction: Kim Whanki (1913-1974) China The Shanghai School Chen Hengke (1876-1923) and Qi Baishi (1864-1957) Gao Jianfu (1879-1951) and the Lingnan School Cai Yuanpei and the New Culture Movement Xu Beihong (1895-1953) Lin Fengmian (1900-1991) The First National Exhibition of Art and the Xu Beihong-Xu Zhimo Debate Guan Zilan (1903-1986) The Storm Society Lu Xun and the Modern Woodcut Movement Chapter 12: Postwar Art in the United States: Abstract Expressionism and the New American Sculpture and Photography Early Abstract Expressionism Arshile Gorky (1904-1948) The Early Work of Mark Rothko (1903-1970) The Early Work of Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) Action Painting Jackson Pollock's Drip Paintings Lee Krasner (1908-1984) Willem de Kooning (1904-1997) Franz Kline (1910-1962) Joan Mitchell (1925-1992) Color Field Painting Clyfford Still (1904-1980) Rothko's Later Work Barnett Newman (1905-1970) Between Gesture and Field Adolph Gottlieb (1903-1974) Robert Motherwell (1915-1991) Norman Lewis (1909-1979) Ad Reinhardt (1913-1967) Figurative Painting in the Age of Abstract Expressionism East Coast Artists: Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009), Grace Hartigan (1922-2008), and Larry Rivers (1923-2002) San Francisco Bay Area Artists: David Park (1911-1960) and Richard Diebenkorn (1922- 1993) New York Sculpture at Mid-Century David Smith (1906-1965) Isamu Noguchi (1904-1988) Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010) Joseph Cornell (1903-1972) Postwar American Photography Photojournalism: Margaret Bourke-White (1904-1971) and Robert Capa (1913-1954) Abstraction: Minor White (1908-1976), Harry Callahan (1912-1999), and Aaron Siskind (1903-1991) Urban Life: Helen Levitt (1913-2009), Lisette Model (1901-1983), Gordon Parks (1912-2006), and Roy DeCarava (1919-2009) The Family of Man Robert Frank (1924-2019) Chapter 13: Postwar Art in Europe Art Informel in France Jean Fautrier (1898-1964) Wols (1913-1951) Georges Mathieu (1921-2012) Pierre Soulages (1919-2022) School of Paris Abstraction: Maria Helena Vieria da Silva (1908-1992) Art Informel in Italy and Spain Lucio Fontana (1899-1968) Alberto Burri (1915-1995) Antoni Tàpies (1923-2012) Postwar Figuration in France Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985) The Cobra Artists The Later Work of Alberto Giacometti Germaine Richier (1902-1959) Postwar Figuration in Britain The Later Work of Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth Francis Bacon (1909-1992) and Lucian Freud (1922-2011) Chapter 14: Between Art and Life: International Trends of the 1950s and 1960s Assemblage in the United States Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008) Jasper Johns (b. 1930) Louise Nevelson (1899-1988) Mark di Suvero (b. 1933) John Chamberlain (1927-2011) Lee Bontecou (1931 - 2022) Edward Kienholz (1997-1924) Romare Bearden (1911-1988) Cy Twombly (1928-2011) The New Documents Photographers Diane Arbus (1923-1971) Lee Friedlander (b. 1934) Garry Winogrand (1928-1984) Nouveau Réalisme Arman (1928-2005) Jean Tinguely (1925-1991) Niki de Saint Phalle (1930-2002) Yves Klein (1928-1962) Gutai Tanaka Atsuko (1932-2005) Happenings Allan Kaprow (1927-2006) Yayoi Kusama (b. 1929) Fluxus Yoko Ono (b. 1933) Nam June Paik (1932-2006) Joseph Beuys (1921-1986) Brazilian Neo-Concretism Lygia Clark (1920-1988) Lygia Pape (1927-2004) Hélio Oiticica (1937-1980) Chapter 15: Pop Art The Independent Group Eduardo Paolozzi (1924-2005) Richard Hamilton (1922-2011) British Pop Peter Blake (b. 1932) Pauline Boty (1938-1966) David Hockney (b. 1937) New York Pop Claes Oldenburg (1929-2022) Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) Andy Warhol (1928-1987) James Rosenquist (1933-2017) Robert Indiana (1928-2018) Tom Wesselmann (1931-2004) Jim Dine (b. 1935) George Segal (1924-2000) Marisol (1930-2016) California Pop Ed Ruscha (b. 1937) Wayne Thiebaud (1920-2021) German Capitalist Realism Gerhard Richter (b. 1932) Sigmar Polke (1941-2010) Pop Art in Argentina Delia Cancela (b. 1940) Marta Minujín (b. 1943) Pop Art and Politics in Brazil Antonio Dias (1944-2018) Wanda Pimentel (1943-2019) Japanese Pop Ushio Shinohara (b. 1932) Tadanori Yokoo (b. 1936) Chapter 16: Abstraction in North America and Europe in the 1960s Post-Painterly Abstraction Stained Canvas Color Field Painting Helen Frankenthaler (1928-2011) Morris Louis (1912-1962) Kenneth Noland (1924-2010) Jules Olitski (1922-2007) Jack Bush (1909-1977) Alma Thomas (1891-1978) Hard Edge Painting Ellsworth Kelly (1923-2015) Carmen Herrera (1915-2022) Precursors of Minimalism: Agnes Martin (1912-2004) and Frank Stella (b. 1936) Abstract Sculpture in Britain: Anthony Caro (1924-2013) and the New Generation Op Art Victor Vasarely (1906-1997) Bridget Riley (b. 1931) Jesús Rafael Soto (1923-2005) Kinetic Art Minimalism Donald Judd (1928-1994) Robert Morris (1931-2018) Dan Flavin (1933-1996) Carl Andre (b. 1935) Anne Truitt (1921-2004) Light and Space Art Robert Irwin (b. 1928) James Turrell (b. 1943) Chapter 17: Mid-Century Modern Architecture, c. 1920-1970 The First Wave of the International Style The Early Architecture of Le Corbusier (1887-1965) Eileen Gray (1878-1976) The Early Architecture of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969) Expressionist Architecture in Germany Erich Mendelsohn (1887-1953) The Early Diffusion of the International Style to the United States The Later Work of Frank Lloyd Wright The Organic Architecture of Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) The Later Work of Le Corbusier The Later Work of Mies van der Rohe Resurgent Expressionism Eero Saarinen (1910-1961) Jørn Utzon (1918-2008) Louis Kahn (1901-1974) Mid-Century Modern Architecture in Latin America Mexico Juan O'Gorman (1905-1982) Luis Barragán (1902-1988) Brazil The Ministry of Education and Health Oscar Niemeyer (1907-2012) Costa and Niemeyer's Brasília Lina Bo Bardi (1914-1992) Mid-Century Modern Architecture in Japan Kenzo Tange (1913-2005) Megastructures The Metabolists Archigram Constant (1920-2005) Chapter 18: Modern Art in India, Africa, and the Middle East, Mid-Twentieth Century India The Progressive Artists' Group M. F. Husain (1915-2011) F. N. Souza (1924-2002) S. H. Raza (1922-2016) K. G. Subramanyan (1924-2016) Nasreen Mohamedi (1937-1990) Modern African Art West Africa Nigeria Ben Enwonwu (1917-1994) The Zaria Art Society and Uche Okeke (1933-2016) The Mbari Mbayo Club and Prince Twins Seven-Seven (1944-2011) Senegal Mali: Seydou Keïta (c. 1921-2001) East Africa Ethiopia Uganda Southern Africa Zimbabwe: The Shona School South Africa Irma Stern (1894-1966) The New Group and Walter Battiss (1906-1982) Black Artists in Segregated South Africa Gerard Sekoto (1913-1993) Ernest Mancoba (1904-2002) The Polly Street Center: Cecil Skotnes (1926-2009) and Sydney Kumalo (1935-1988) Dumile Feni (1942-1991) North Africa Morocco: Ahmed Cherkaoui (1934-1967) Sudan: Osman Waqialla (1925-2007) and Ibrahim El-Salahi (b. 1930) Egypt The Art and Freedom Group and the Contemporary Art Group The Group of Modern Art: Gazbia Sirry (1925-2021) The Middle East Iraq Jewad Selim (1921-1961) Hurufiyya Madiha Umar (1908-2005) and Shakir Hassan al-Said (1925-2004) Iran The Saqqakhaneh Artists: Charles Hossein Zenderoudi (b. 1937) and Parviz Tanavoli (b. 1937) Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian (1922-2019) Israel Anna Ticho (1894-1980) New Horizons: Yosef Zaritsky (1891-1985) Ten Plus Chapter 19: Pluralism: Trends of the Late 1960s to Mid-1970s Process Art Robert Morris (1931-2018) Eva Hesse (1936-1970) Richard Serra (b. 1939) Sam Gilliam (1933-2022) and Lynda Benglis (b. 1941) Conceptual Art Sol LeWitt (1928-2007) Joseph Kosuth (b. 1945) On Kawara (1932-2014) Cildo Meireles (b. 1948) Conceptual Art as Institutional Critique: Daniel Buren (b. 1938), Marcel Broodthaers (1924-1976), and Hans Haacke (b. 1936) The Art Workers' Coalition and the New York Art Strike Bernd (1931-2007) and Hilla (1934-2015) Becher Arte Povera Mono-ha: Nobuo Sekine (1942-2020) and Lee Ufan (b. 1936) Land Art and Site-Specific Works Robert Smithson (1938-1973) Michael Heizer (b. 1944) Richard Long (b. 1945) Walter De Maria (1935-2013) Nancy Holt (1938-2014) Christo (1935-2020) and Jeanne-Claude (1935-2009) Gordon Matta-Clark (1943-1978) Body and Performance Art Bruce Nauman (b. 1941) Gilbert (b. 1943) and George (b. 1942) Vito Acconci (1940-2017) Chris Burden (1946-2015) and Marina Abramovice (b. 1946) Representational Painting and Sculpture in the United States The Feminist Art Movement Womanhouse Women's Work: Harmony Hammond (b. 1944), Mierle Laderman Ukeles (b. 1939), Mary Kelly (b. 1941), and Martha Rosler (b. 1943) Judy Chicago (b. 1939) The Dinner Party Miriam Schapiro (1923-2015) and the Pattern and Decoration Movement Feminist Body and Performance Art Hannah Wilke (1940-1993) Carolee Schneemann (1939-2019) Ana Mendieta (1948-1985) The Black Arts Movement Wadsworth Jarrell (b. 1929) David Hammons (b. 1943) Black Feminist Art Faith Ringgold (b. 1930) Betye Saar (b. 1926) Fritz Scholder (1937-2005) and T.C. Cannon (1946-1978): Critical Native American Painters The Chicano Art Movement Chapter 20: Postmodernism: Art in Europe and the United States from the Late 1970s to Late 1980s Neo-Expressionism American Neo-Expressionism Julian Schnabel (b. 1951) David Salle (b. 1952) Eric Fischl (b. 1948) Leon Golub (1922-2004) Sue Coe (b. 1951) The Italian Transavanguardia Francesco Clemente (b. 1952) German Neo-Expressionism Georg Baselitz (b. 1938) Anselm Kiefer (b. 1945) Jörg Immendorff (1945-2007) Sigmar Polke and Gerhard Richter Nonconformist Soviet Art: Komar (b. 1943) and Melamid (b. 1945), and Ilya Kabakov (b. 1933) Graffiti Art and Its Influence Keith Haring (1958-1990) Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988) Tim Rollins (1955-2017) + K.O.S. Black Artists Countering Racism: David Hammons (b. 1943) and Adrian Piper (b. 1948) Photo-Based Postmodern Appropriation Art in the United States Richard Prince (b. 1949) Sherrie Levine (b. 1947) Barbara Kruger (b. 1945) Guerilla Girls Cindy Sherman (b. 1954) Public Art and Politics in the United States in the 1980s Maya Lin (b. 1959) The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Richard Serra: Tilted Arc Jenny Holzer (b. 1950) Edgar Heap of Birds (b. 1954) Krzysztof Wodiczko (b. 1943) Neo-Geo Allan McCollum (b. 1944) and Peter Halley (b. 1953) Commodity Art: Haim Steinbach (b. 1944) and Jeff Koons (b. 1955) Rosemarie Trockel (b. 1952) Late Modernist Painting and Sculpture American Art and the AIDS Crisis The Culture Wars in the United States Chapter 21: Recent Architecture: From Postmodernism to Green Design Postmodern Architecture Robert Venturi (1925-2018) and Venturi, Rauch, and Scott Brown Charles Moore (1925-1993) Philip Johnson (1906-2005) Michael Graves (1934-2015) James Stirling (1926-1992) Arata Isozaki (b. 1931) Late Modernism Tadao Ando (b. 1941) Richard Meier (b. 1934) Tropical Modernism in South Asia Balkrishna Doshi (b. 1927) Charles Correa (1930-2015) Geoffrey Bawa (1919-2003) High Tech Renzo Piano (b. 1937) and Richard Rogers (1933-2021) Norman Foster (b. 1935) Santiago Calatrava (b. 1950) Deconstructivism Peter Eisenman (b. 1932) Frank Gehry (b. 1929) Daniel Libeskind (b. 1946) Zaha Hadid (1950-2016) Rem Koolhaas (b. 1944) and OMA Green Design Glenn Murcutt (b. 1936) Diébédo Francis Kéré (b. 1965) From High Tech to Eco-Tech Ken Yeang (b. 1948) Chapter 22: The Global Contemporary: Themes in Art Since c. 1989 The Body Identity Memory and History Mobility Participation Nature and Ecology Death, Religion, and Spirituality Time Glossary Notes Credits Index