Description
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Scope and History of Microbiology 1
Why Study Microbiology? 2
Scope of Microbiology 4
Historical Roots 9
The Germ Theory of Disease 11
Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 15
Tomorrow’s History 19
2 the Microbiome 25
Introduction to the Microbiome 26
Fat or Lean 26
Diversity of Microbiomes 27
3 Fundamentals of Chemistry 31
Why Study Chemistry? 32
Chemical Building Blocks and Chemical Bonds 32
Water and Solutions 36
Complex Organic Molecules 40
4 Microscopy and Staining 53
Historical Microscopy 54
Principles of Microscopy 54
Light Microscopy 60
Electron Microscopy 64
Techniques of Light Microscopy 70
5 Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 77
Basic Cell Types 78
Prokaryotic Cells 78
Eukaryotic Cells 97
Evolution by Endosymbiosis 103
The Movement of Substances across Membranes 105
6 Essential Concepts of Metabolism 113
Metabolism: An Overview 114
Enzymes 116
Enzyme Inhibition 118
Anaerobic Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation 122
Aerobic Metabolism: Respiration 126
The Metabolism of Fats and Proteins 132
Other Metabolic Processes 133
The Uses of Energy 136
7 Growth and Culturing of Bacteria 142
Growth and Cell Division 143
Factors Affecting Bacterial Growth 152
Sporulation 161
Culturing Bacteria 163
Living, But Nonculturable, Organisms 170
8 Microbial Genetics 173
An Overview of Genetic Processes 174
DNA Replication 178
Protein Synthesis 179
The Regulation of Metabolism 187
Mutations 191
9 Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering 205
The Types and Significance of Gene Transfer 206
Transformation 206
Transduction 208
Conjugation 212
Gene Transfer Mechanisms Compared 216
Plasmids 216
Genetic Engineering 220
10 An Introduction to Taxonomy: The Bacteria 232
Taxonomy: The Science of Classification 233
Using A Taxonomic Key 235
The Five-Kingdom Classification System 236
The Three-Domain Classification System 240
Classification of Viruses 244
The Search for Evolutionary Relationships 246
Bacterial Taxonomy and Nomenclature 249
11 Viruses 258
General Characteristics of Viruses 260
Classification of Viruses 263
Emerging Viruses 271
Viral Replication 274
Culturing of Animal Viruses 285
Viruses and Teratogenesis 287
Viruslike Agents: Satellites, Virophages, Viroids, and Prions 288
Viruses and Cancer 292
Human Cancer Viruses 292
12 Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites 297
Principles of Parasitology 298
Protists 300
Fungi 307
Helminths 315
Arthropods 323
13 Sterilization and Disinfection 329
Principles of Sterilization and Disinfection 330
Chemical Antimicrobial Agents 331
Physical Antimicrobial Agents 341
14 Antimicrobial Therapy 353
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 354
The History of Chemotherapy 355
General Properties of Antimicrobial Agents 356
Determining Microbial Sensitivities to Antimicrobial Agents 364
Attributes of An Ideal Antimicrobial Agent 367
Antibacterial Agents 367
Antifungal Agents 373
Antiviral Agents 376
Antiprotozoan Agents 378
Antihelminthic Agents 379
Special Problems with Drug-Resistant Hospital Infections 379
15 Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes 385
Host–Microbe Relationships 386
Koch’s Postulates 391
Kinds of Diseases 392
The Disease Process 393
Infectious Diseases—Past, Present, and Future 405
16 Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections 409
Epidemiology 410
Nosocomial Infections 431
Bioterrorism 439
17 Innate Host Defenses 445
Innate and Adaptive Host Defenses 446
Physical Barriers 446
Chemical Barriers 447
Cellular Defenses 447
Inflammation 456
Fever 458
Molecular Defenses 459
Development of the Immune System: Who Has One? 465
18 Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization 469
Immunology and Immunity 470
Types of Immunity 470
Characteristics of the Immune System 472
Humoral Immunity 478
Monoclonal Antibodies 484
Cell-Mediated Immunity 486
Mucosal Immune System 490
Immunization 492
Immunity to Various Kinds of Pathogens 501
19 Immune Disorders 508
Overview of Immunological Disorders 509
Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity 510
Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity 514
Immune Complex (Type III) Hypersensitivity 518
Cell-Mediated (Type IV) Hypersensitivity 521
Autoimmune Disorders 523
Transplantation 527
Drug Reactions 530
Immunodeficiency Diseases 531
Immunological Tests 540
20 Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites 551
The Skin, Mucous Membranes, and Eyes 552
Diseases of the Skin 555
Diseases of the Eyes 569
Wounds and Bites 573
21 Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 581
Components of the Urogenital System 582
Urogenital Diseases Usually Not Transmitted Sexually 585
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 591
22 Diseases of the Respiratory System 613
Components of the Respiratory System 614
Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract 617
Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract 624
23 Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases 650
Components of the Digestive System 651
Diseases of the Oral Cavity 653
Gastrointestinal Diseases Caused By Bacteria 658
Gastrointestinal Diseases Caused By Other Pathogens 669
24 Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, and Systemic Diseases 690
The Cardiovascular System 691
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Diseases 692
Systemic Diseases 697
25 Diseases of the Nervous System 727
Components of the Nervous System 728
Diseases of the Brain and Meninges 728
Other Diseases of the Nervous System 737
26 Environmental Microbiology 754
Fundamentals of Ecology 755
Biogeochemical Cycles 755
Air 765
Soil 766
Water 770
Marine Environments 771
Sewage Treatment 778
Bioremediation 780
27 Applied Microbiology 785
Microorganisms Found in Food 786
Preventing Disease Transmission and Food Spoilage 793
Microorganisms as Food and in Food Production 799
Beer, Wine, and Spirits 804
Industrial and Pharmaceutical Microbiology 806
Useful Organic Products 808
Microbiological Mining 811
Microbiological Waste Disposal 812
Appendices
A Metric System Measurements, Conversions, and Math Tools A-1
B Classification of Viruses B-1
C Word Roots Commonly Encountered in Microbiology C-1
D Safety Precautions in the Handling of Clinical Specimens D-1
E Metabolic Pathways E-1
F Diseases and the Organisms That Cause Them*
G Pathogens and the Diseases They Cause*
H parasites*
Glossary G-1
Index I-1
*Appendices F through H can be found at the web site, www.wiley.com/college/black, and in WileyPLUS
