Description
Book SynopsisFood proteins and bioactive peptides play a vital role in the growth and development of the body's structural integrity and regulation, as well as having a variety of other functional properties. Land animal-derived food proteins such as collagen and gelatine carry risks of contamination (such as BSE). Marine-derived proteins, which can provide equivalents to collagen and gelatin without the associated risks, are becoming more popular among consumers because of their numerous health beneficial effects. Most marine-derived bioactive peptides are currently underutilized. While fish and shellfish are perhaps the most obvious sources of such proteins and peptides, there is also the potential for further development of proteins and peptides from sources like algae, sea cucumber and molluscs. Marine-derived proteins and peptides also have potential uses in novel products, with the possibility of wide commercialization in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xxiii
1 Marine-derived Peptides: Development and Health Prospects 1
Se-Kwon Kim and Isuru Wijesekara
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Development of Marine Peptides 1
1.3 Health Benefits of Marine Peptides 2
1.4 Conclusion 3
References 3
2 Bioactive Proteins and Peptides from Macroalgae, Fish, Shellfish and Marine Processing Waste 5
Pádraigín A. Harnedy and Richard J. FitzGerald
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Macroalgal, Fish and Shellfish Proteins: Potential Sources of Bioactive Hydrolysates and Peptides 5
2.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macroalgal, Fish and Shellfish Processing Waste Proteins: Bioactive Protein Hydrolysates and Peptides 8
2.4 Endogenous Bioactive Peptides from Macroalgae, Fish and Shellfish 22
2.5 Bioactive Proteins from Macroalgae, Fish and Shellfish 22
2.6 Commercial Products Containing Marine-Derived Bioactive Protein Hydrolysates and Peptides 24
2.7 Conclusion 27
Acknowledgement 27
References 27
3 Lectins with Varying Specificity and Biological Activity from Marine Bivalves 41
Bishnu Pada Chatterjee and Mausumi Adhya
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Lectins 45
3.3 Isolation, Molecular Characterization and Carbohydrate Specificity of Bivalve Lectins 46
3.4 Biological Functions of Bivalve Lectins 60
Acknowledgement 63
References 63
4 Digestive Enzymes from Marine Sources 69
Juan Antonio, Noriega Rodr´ıguez, Ramiro Baeza Jim´enez and Hugo Sergio García
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Biodiversity and Availability 70
4.3 Marine Biocatalysts 70
4.4 Digestive Enzymes 73
4.5 Lipases 78
4.5.3 Transglutaminase 80
4.6 Industrial Applications 81
References 83
5 Kamaboko Proteins as a Potential Source of Bioactive Substances 91
Takeshi Nagai, Yasuhiro Tanoue, Norihisa Kai and Nobutaka Suzuki
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 Creation of Healthier and Safer Foods 94
5.3 Enzymatic Modification of Food Proteins 95
5.4 Kamaboko 95
5.5 Chemical Properties of Kamaboko 98
5.6 Expression of Health the Function of Kamaboko Proteins 98
5.7 Antioxidative Activities of Kamaboko Proteins 100
5.8 Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities of Kamaboko Proteins 104
5.9 Conclusion 108
References 108
6 Biological Activities of Fish-protein Hydrolysates 111
Irineu Batista
6.1 Introduction 111
6.2 Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 111
6.3 Antioxidative Properties 116
6.4 Anticancer Activity 124
6.5 Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity 125
6.6 Calcium-Binding Peptides 125
6.7 Appetite Suppression 125
6.8 Anticoagulant Activity 126
6.9 Immunostimulant Activity 126
6.10 Hypocholesterolemic Activity 126
6.11 Hormone-Regulating Properties 127
6.12 Other Biological Activities 127
References 127
7 Biological Activities of Proteins and Marine-derived Peptides from Byproducts and Seaweeds 139
Maria Hayes
7.1 Introduction 139
7.2 Bioactive Peptides 140
7.3 Marine-derived Bioactive Peptides 141
7.4 Isolation and Characterisation of Marine-derived Bioactive Peptides 141
7.5 Lectins 144
7.5.1 Isolation of Lectins 145
7.6 Phycobiliproteins 145
7.7 Other Amino Acids and Peptides Present in and Derived from Macroalgae 146
7.8 Membrane Processing 147
7.9 Bioactivities of Marine-derived Peptides—inhibiting Proteases for Health 147
7.10 Heart-health Bioactive Peptides 148
7.11 Commercially Available Bioactive Peptides 156
7.12 Conclusion 156
References 159
8 Ability of Diverse Marine Invertebrate Lectins to Regulate Cell Functions 167
Yasuhiro Ozeki, Sarkar M. A. Kawsar, Yuki Fujii, Yukiko Ogawa, Shigeki Sugawara, Imtiaj Hasan, Yasuhiro Koide, Hidetaro Yasumitsu and Robert A. Kanaly
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 Does a Feather Star Lectin have a Role in Regenerative Biology? 169
8.3 A Novel Lectin from the Mediterranean Mussel Induces Apoptosis and Glycosphingolipid Interaction 174
8.4 Downregulation of the Gene Expression of an ABC Transporter by a Novel Lectin-glycosphingolipid Pathway Involving a Suel-type Lectin Domain 176
8.5 Perspectives on Studies of Invertebrate Lectins and Their Diverse Properties 180
References 181
9 Routes in Innate Immunity Evolution: Galectins and Rhamnose-binding Lectins in Ascidians 185
Loriano Ballarin, Matteo Cammarata, Nicola Franchi and Nicoló Parrinello
9.1 Animal Lectins 185
9.2 Ascidians 185
9.3 Galectins 188
9.4 Rhamnose-binding Lectins 194
9.5 Conclusion 198
Acknowledgement 200
References 200
10 Production of Lactobacilli Proteinases for the Manufacture of Bioactive Peptides: Part I—Upstream Processes 207
Dominic Agyei, Ravichandra Potumarthi and Michael K. Danquah
10.1 Introduction: Bioactive Peptides—Production and Functionalities 207
10.2 Lactobacilli Metabolism 209
10.3 The Proteolytic System of The Lactobacilli 209
10.4 Sources of Proteases and Advantages of Microbial Proteases 211
10.5 Marine Lactobacilli 212
10.6 Proteinase Production Requirements 212
10.7 Effect of Fermentation Modes on Cell Growth and Proteinase Production 220
10.8 Cell Systems for Proteinase Production 222
10.9 Statistical Methods and Mathematical Models 222
10.10 Conclusion 223
Acknowledgement 223
References 223
11 Production of Lactobacilli Proteinases for the Manufacture of Bioactive Peptides: Part II—Downstream Processes 231
Dominic Agyei, Ravichandra Potumarthi and Michael K. Danquah
11.1 Introduction: Cell Recovery 231
11.2 Isolation: Proteinase-extraction Methodologies 231
11.3 Purification of Enzymes 237
11.4 Enzyme Concentration and Storage 244
11.5 Characterisation of Proteinase 244
11.6 Solvent and Enzyme Engineering for Enhanced Stability and Specificity 247
11.7 Conclusion 247
References 247
12 Recovery of Proteins and their Biofunctionalities from Marine Algae 253
You-Jin Jeon and Kalpa Samarakoon
12.1 Introduction 253
12.2 Importance of Proteolytic Enzyme-assisted Extractions 254
12.3 Marine-algal Functional Proteins and Peptides with Bioactivity 255
12.4 Marine-algal Proteins: Potential Sources for Future Applications 261
12.5 Conclusion 264
References 265
13 Fish Gelatin: A Versatile Ingredient for the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries 271
Venkateshwarlu Gudipati
13.1 Introduction 271
13.2 Structural Features of Fish Gelatin 272
13.3 Improvement of Functional Properties 273
13.4 Applications in the Food Industry 274
13.5 Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry 284
13.6 Conclusion 287
References 288
14 Health Effects of Antioxidative and Antihypertensive Peptides from Marine Resources 297
Ida-Johanne Jensen, Karl-Erik Eilertsen, Hanne K. Mæhre, Edel O. Elvevoll and Rune Larsen
14.1 Introduction 297
14.2 Antioxidative Peptides 298
14.3 Antihypertensive Peptides 307
14.4 Conclusion 313
References 313
15 Potential Novel Therapeutics: Some Biological Aspects of Marine-derived Bioactive Peptides 323
Ruvini Liyanage, Barana C. Jayawardana and Suranga P. Kodithuwakku
15.1 Introduction 323
15.2 Marine-derived Proteins and Biopeptides with Antihypertensive Activity 325
15.3 Anticancer Effects of Marine-derived Bioactive Peptides 333
15.4 Antiviral Bioactivities of Marine-derived Bioactive Peptides 338
15.5 The Future of Marine Peptides as Therapeutics 340
References 341
16 Hormone-like Peptides Obtained by Marine-protein Hydrolysis and Their Bioactivities 351
Oscar Martínez-Alvarez
16.1 Introduction 351
16.2 Growth Hormone-Release Peptides 352
16.3 Opioid-Like Peptides 353
16.4 Immunomodulating Peptides 357
16.5 Glucose Uptake-Stimulating Peptides 358
16.6 Secretagogue and Calciotropic Activities 359
16.7 Limitations on the use of Hormone-like Peptides as Nutraceuticals 360
16.8 Further Development and Research Needs 361
References 362
17 Antimicrobial Activities of Marine Protein and Peptides 369
Mingyong Zeng, Zunying Liu, Yuanhui Zhao and Shiyuan Dong
17.1 Introduction 369
17.2 Preparation, Purification and Characterization 370
17.3 In Vitro Antimicrobial Studies 373
17.4 Antimicrobial Mechanisms 375
17.5 Applications and Prospects in Food Preservation 378
17.6 Conclusion 380
References 380
18 Production and Antioxidant Properties of Marine-derived Bioactive Peptides 385
Tao Wang, Qiancheng Zhao and Qiukuan Wang
18.1 Introduction 385
18.2 Production of Antioxidant Peptides 386
18.3 Antioxidant Mechanism and Structure–activity Relationship 392
18.4 Industrial Applications and Perspectives 400
References 401
19 Marine Peptides and Proteins with Cytotoxic and Antitumoral Properties 407
João Varela, Catarina Vizetto-Duarte, Luísa Custódio, Luísa Barreira and Fernando Albericio
19.1 Introduction 407
19.2 Current Pipeline of Oncological Drugs Based on Natural Products 407
19.3 Current Pipeline of Marine Peptides with Antitumoral Activity 408
19.4 Major Biological Sources of Marine Cytotoxic Peptides and Proteins 410
19.5 Structural Motifs in Cytotoxic Peptides 410
19.6 Cytotoxic Acyclic Peptides 416
19.7 Cytotoxic Cyclic Peptides 419
19.8 Cytotoxic (Poly)Peptides Obtained by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Seafood 420
19.9 Cytotoxic Polypeptides 421
19.10 Conclusion 421
19.11 Acknowledgments 422
References 422
20 ACE-inhibitory Activities of Marine Proteins and Peptides 431
Mingyong Zeng, Yuanhui Zhao, Zunying Liu and Shiyuan Dong
20.1 Introduction 431
20.2 Determination of ACE-inhibitory Peptide Activity 432
20.3 ACE-inhibitory Peptides from Marine Sources 433
20.4 Types of ACE-Inhibitor Peptide 435
20.5 Structure–Activity Relationships of ACE-Inhibitory Peptides 435
20.6 Conclusion 437
References 437
21 Isolation and Biological Activities of Peptides from Marine Microalgae by Fermentation 441
BoMi Ryu and Se-Kwon Kim
21.1 Introduction 441
21.2 Utilization of Fermentation to Hydrolyze Protein 442
21.3 Microalgae As a Source of Protein 442
21.4 Metabolites of Proteolytic Hydrolysis by Fermentation 443
21.5 Hydrolyzed Microalgal Peptide Application 444
21.6 Conclusion 445
References 446
22 Antioxidant Activities of Marine Peptides from Fish and Shrimp 449
Mingyong Zeng, Shiyuan Dong, Yuanhui Zhao and Zunying Liu
22.1 Introduction 449
22.2 Production, Isolation, and Purification of Antioxidant Peptides 450
22.3 Methods Used to Measure Antioxidant Activity 453
22.4 Antioxidant Activity of Peptides 456
22.5 Antioxidant Mechanisms of Peptides 461
22.6 Applications and Prospects 462
References 464
23 Fish-elastin Hydrolysate: Development and Impact on the Skin and Blood Vessels 467
Eri Shiratsuchi, Misako Nakaba, Yasutaka Shigemura, Michio Yamada and Kenji Sato
23.1 Introduction 467
23.2 Starter Materials for Fish-elastin Hydrolysate 468
23.3 Preparation of Skipjack-elastin Hydrolysate 470
23.4 Impact of Ingestion of Skipjack-elastin Hydrolysate on Skin Conditions 471
23.5 Impact of Skipjack-elastin Hydrolysate on Blood Vessels 477
23.6 Safety of Skipjack-elastin Hydrolysate 479
23.7 Identification of Food-derived Elastin Peptide in Human Blood 480
23.8 Effect of Food-derived Elastin-peptide Pro-gly on Cells 482
23.9 Conclusion 483
References 484
24 Free Radical-scavenging Activity of Marine Proteins and Peptides 487
Dai-Nghiep Ngo
24.1 Introduction 487
24.2 Formation of Free Radicals and Methods of Assaying Antioxidant Activity 487
24.3 Free Radical-scavenging Activity of Marine Proteins and Peptides 491
24.4 Conclusion 494
References 494
25 Marine-derived Bioactive Peptides: Their Cardioprotective Activities and Potential Applications 499
M. Vijayakumar, A. Noorlidah, Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, K. Priya and M. T. Rosna
25.1 Introduction 499
25.2 Cardiovascular Diseases and Nutraceuticals 500
25.3 Sources of Marine Peptides 500
25.4 Development of Marine Bioactive Peptides 502
25.5 Oxidative Stress 502
25.6 Antihypertensive Activity 503
25.7 Anticoagulant Activity 504
25.8 Conclusion 505
References 506
26 Biological Activities of Marine Bioactive Peptides 509
Dai-Hung Ngo, Thanh-Sang Vo and Se-Kwon Kim
26.1 Introduction 509
26.2 Physiological Properties of Marine Bioactive Peptides 510
26.3 Conclusion 517
Acknowledgement 517
References 518
27 Shark Fin Cartilage: Uses, Extraction and Composition Analysis 523
Chamila Jayasinghe
27.1 Introduction 523
27.2 History 523
27.3 Uses 524
27.4 Shark-fin Processing 525
27.5 Extraction of Elastoidin and Chondroitin Sulfate 526
27.6 Composition Analysis 526
References 530
28 Marine Bioactive Peptide Sources: Critical Points and the Potential for New Therapeutics 533
Ratih Pangestuti and Se-Kwon Kim
28.1 Introduction 533
28.2 Marine Bioactive Peptide Sources 534
28.3 Critical Points and the Potential for New Therapeutics 541
28.4 Conclusion 541
References 542
29 Applications of Marine-derived Peptides and Proteins in the Food Industry 545
D. M. Dilan Rasika, C. Senaka Ranadheera and Janak K. Vidanarachchi
29.1 Introduction 545
29.2 Marine-derived Proteins and Peptides Used in the Food Industry 546
29.3 Collagen and Gelatin 554
29.4 Extraction and Isolation of Marine-derived Proteins and Peptides 556
29.5 Food-related Applications of Marine-derived Proteins and Peptides 560
29.6 Conclusion 576
References 576
30 Processing and Industrial Aspects of Fish-scale Collagen: A Biomaterials Perspective 589
Santanu Dhara, Pallab Datta, Pallabi Pal and Soumi Dey Sarkar
30.1 Introduction 589
30.2 Structure and Composition of Collagen 589
30.3 Synthesis of Collagen 590
30.4 Type-I Collagen 591
30.5 Recombinant Collagen 593
30.6 Fish’s Potential as an Alternative Source of Collagen 594
30.7 Emerging Applications of Type-I Collagen 613
30.8 Conclusion 621
Acknowledgement 622
References 622
31 Properties, Biological Advantages and Industrial Significance of Marine Peptides 631
Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, M. Vijayakumar, R. Pallela, N. Abdullah, and R. M. Taha
31.1 Introduction 631
31.2 Marine-peptide Properties 633
31.3 Industrial Development of Marine Bioactive Peptides 634
31.4 Biological Applications of Marine Peptides 636
31.5 Conclusion 638
References 638
32 Muscle Proteins of Fish and Their Functions 641
Byul-Nim Ahn and Se-Kwon Kim
32.1 Introduction 641
32.2 Fish Muscles 641
32.3 Myoglobin and Myofibrillar Proteins of Fish Muscle 642
32.4 Sarcoplasmic Protein 643
32.5 Antifreeze Proteins 643
References 644
33 Marine-derived Collagen: Biological Activity and Application 647
W. M. Niluni Methsala Wijesundara and Buddika O. Malaweera
33.1 Introduction 647
33.2 Sources of Marine Collagen 650
33.3 Applications of Marine Collagen 652
References 660
34 Marine Antifreeze Proteins: Types, Functions and Applications 667
Sung Gu Lee, Jun Hyuck Lee, Sung-Ho Kang and Hak Jun Kim
34.1 Introduction 667
34.2 Types of Marine AFP 670
34.3 Preparation of Fish AFPS 677
34.4 AFP Applications 679
34.5 Conclusion 684
References 685
35 Antimicrobial Peptides in Marine Mollusks and their Potential Applications 695
Mahanama De Zoysa
35.1 Introduction 695
35.2 Characteristics of AMPS 696
35.3 Diversity of AMPS in Marine Mollusks 696
35.4 Applications of Mollusk-derived AMPS 703
References 704
36 Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides from Seafood and Crustacean Waste: Their Extraction, Bioactive Properties and Industrial Perspectives 709
Anil Kumar Anal, Athapol Noomhorm and Punchira Vongsawasdi
36.1 Introduction 709
36.2 Overall Chemical Composition of Seafood and Crustaceans 710
36.3 Extraction of Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides from Seafood and Crustacean Waste 713
36.4 Characterization of Fish-protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides 722
36.5 Functional and Bioactive Properties of Proteins and Peptides from Seafood and Crustacean Waste 724
36.6 Conclusion 729
References 730
37 Production and Health Effects of Peptides from Fish Proteins 737
Mahinda Senevirathne and Se-Kwon Kim
37.1 Introduction 737
37.2 Sources of Fish Peptides 738
37.3 Production of Fish Peptides 739
37.4 Health-promoting ability of fish peptides 740
37.5 Future Trends of Peptides from Fish Proteins 746
37.6 Conclusion 746
References 747
Index 753
