Description
Book SynopsisThe Second Edition features new problems that engage readers in contemporary reactor design
Highly praised by instructors, students, and chemical engineers, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design has been extensively revised and updated in this Second Edition. The text continues to offer a solid background in chemical reaction kinetics as well as in material and energy balances, preparing readers with the foundation necessary for success in the design of chemical reactors. Moreover, it reflects not only the basic engineering science, but also the mathematical tools used by today's engineers to solve problems associated with the design of chemical reactors.
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design enables readers to progressively build their knowledge and skills by applying the laws of conservation of mass and energy to increasingly more difficult challenges in reactor design. The first one
Table of Contents
Preface ix
Preface to the First Edition xi
1. Stoichiometric Coefficients and Reaction Progress Variables 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Basic Stoichiometric Concepts 2
Literature Citation 3
2. Thermodynamics of Chemical Reactions 4
2.0 Introduction 4
2.1 Chemical Potentials and Standard States 4
2.2 Energy Effects Associated with Chemical Reactions 5
2.3 Sources of Thermochemical Data 7
2.4 The Equilibrium Constant and its Relation to ΔG0 7
2.5 Effects of Temperature and Pressure Changes on the Equilibrium Constant 8
2.6 Determination of Equilibrium Compositions 9
2.7 Effects of Reaction Conditions on Equilibrium Yields 11
2.8 Heterogeneous Reactions 12
2.9 Equilibrium Treatment of Simultaneous Reactions 12
2.10 Supplementary Reading References 15
Literature Citations 15
Problems 15
3. Basic Concepts in Chemical Kinetics: Determination of the Reaction Rate Expression 22
3.0 Introduction 22
3.1 Mathematical Characterization of Simple Reaction Systems 25
3.2 Experimental Aspects of Kinetic Studies 29
3.3 Techniques for the Interpretation of Kinetic Data 34
Literature Citations 53
Problems 54
4. Basic Concepts in Chemical Kinetics: Molecular Interpretations of Kinetic Phenomena 72
4.0 Introduction 72
4.1 Reaction Mechanisms 73
4.2 Chain Reactions 83
4.3 Molecular Theories of Chemical Kinetics 93
Literature Citations 103
Problems 104
5. Chemical Systems Involving Multiple Reactions 117
5.0 Introduction 117
5.1 Reversible Reactions 117
5.2 Parallel or Competitive Reactions 125
5.3 Series or Consecutive Reactions: Irreversible Series Reactions 133
5.4 Complex Reactions 137
Literature Citations 142
Problems 142
6. Elements of Heterogeneous Catalysis 152
6.0 Introduction 152
6.1 Adsorption Phenomena 153
6.2 Adsorption Isotherms 156
6.3 Reaction Rate Expressions for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions 160
6.4 Physical Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts 170
6.5 Catalyst Preparation, Fabrication, and Activation 174
6.6 Poisoning and Deactivation of Catalysts 177
Literature Citations 178
Problems 179
7. Liquid Phase Reactions 189
7.0 Introduction 189
7.1 Electrostatic Effects in Liquid Solution 191
7.2 Pressure Effects on Reactions in Liquid Solution 192
7.3 Homogeneous Catalysis in Liquid Solution 193
7.4 Correlation Methods for Kinetic Data: Linear Free Energy Relations 202
Literature Citations 207
Problems 207
8. Basic Concepts in Reactor Design and Ideal Reactor Models 216
8.0 Introduction 216
8.1 Design Analysis for Batch Reactors 225
8.2 Design of Tubular Reactors 228
8.3 Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactors 234
8.4 Reactor Networks Composed of Combinations of Ideal Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactors and Plug Flow Reactors 254
8.5 Summary of Fundamental Design Relations: Comparison of Isothermal Stirred-Tank and Plug Flow Reactors 256
8.6 Semibatch or Semiflow Reactors 256
Literature Citations 259
Problems 259
9. Selectivity and Optimization Considerations in the Design of Isothermal Reactors 273
9.0 Introduction 273
9.1 Competitive (Parallel) Reactions 274
9.2 Consecutive (Series) Reactions: A →k1→ B →k2→ C →k3→ D 278
9.3 Competitive Consecutive Reactions 283
9.4 Reactor Design for Autocatalytic Reactions 290
Literature Citations 294
Problems 294
10. Temperature and Energy Effects in Chemical Reactors 305
10.0 Introduction 305
10.1 The Energy Balance as Applied to Chemical Reactors 305
10.2 The Ideal Well-Stirred Batch Reactor 307
10.3 The Ideal Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactor 311
10.4 Temperature and Energy Considerations in Tubular Reactors 314
10.5 Autothermal Operation of Reactors 317
10.6 Stable Operating Conditions in Stirred Tank Reactors 320
10.7 Selection of Optimum Reactor Temperature Profiles: Thermodynamic and Selectivity Considerations 324
Literature Citations 327
Problems 328
11. Deviations from Ideal Flow Conditions 337
11.0 Introduction 337
11.1 Residence Time Distribution Functions, F(t) and dF(t) 337
11.2 Conversion Levels in Nonideal Flow Reactors 352
11.3 General Comments and Rules of Thumb 358
Literature Citations 359
Problems 359
12. Reactor Design for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions 371
12.0 Introduction 371
12.1 Commercially Significant Types of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactors 371
12.2 Mass Transport Processes within Porous Catalysts 376
12.3 Diffusion and Reaction in Porous Catalysts 380
12.4 Mass Transfer Between the Bulk Fluid and External Surfaces of Solid Catalysts 406
12.5 Heat Transfer Between the Bulk Fluid and External Surfaces of Solid Catalysts 413
12.6 Global Reaction Rates 416
12.7 Design of Fixed Bed Reactors 418
12.8 Design of Fluidized Bed Catalytic Reactors 437
Literature Citations 439
Problems 441
13. Basic and Applied Aspects of Biochemical Transformations and Bioreactors 451
13.0 Introduction 451
13.1 Growth Cycles of Microorganisms: Batch Operation of Bioreactors 452
13.2 Principles and Special Considerations for Bioreactor Design 472
13.3 Commercial Scale Applications of Bioreactors in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 495
Literature Citations 516
Problems 517
Appendix A. Fugacity Coefficient Chart 527
Appendix B. Nomenclature 528
Appendix C. Supplementary References 535
Author Index 537
Subject Index 545
