Description
Book SynopsisIntelligence allows people to understand events and to shape their surrounding environment. This book delves deeper into the theories and applications of intelligence, showing it is a multifaceted concept —defined and explained differently by prestigious experts of various disciplines in their own research. The book provides interdisciplinary connections of intelligence as it relates to a variety of clearly outlined subject areas, and should lead to a deep understanding of the phenomenon as it pertains to practical applications in different domains.
Contributors in this volume present results from evolutionary biology, mathematics, artificial intelligence, medicine, psychology, cultural studies, economy, political sciences and philosophy. Individual scientific models are integrated in an interdisciplinary concept of wisdom. This volume will help enhance the common understanding of intelligence for fellow researchers and scientists alike.
Table of ContentsTable of Contents
1 Foreword
Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla, Joachim Funke & Michael Wink 1
2 Intelligence: theoretical foundations and practical applications. A multi- and interdisciplinary summary
Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla 7
Introduction ............................ 7
Section 1: Biological Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 2: The Psychology of Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 3: Mathematical and Artificial Intelligence . . . . . . 17
Section 4: Artificial and human intelligence . . . . . . . . 19
Section 5: Economic Intelligence ............... 21
Section 6: Cultural Intelligence ................. 22
Section 7: Political Intelligence and Wisdom . . . . . . . .
3 On the neurobiology of intelligence
Andreas Draguhn.
1 Introduction...........................
2 Why think? The evolution of intelligence . . . . . . . . .
3 Are there "intelligent brains"? ................
4 Subtle differences - why aren't we all equally smart?
4 The intelligent game with coincidences and election
Claudia Erbar & Peter Leins
1 Preliminary remarks ......................... 68
2 Optimization as evolutive goal.................. 70
3 On intelligent strategies .................... 97
4 Concluding comments................... 110
5 Intelligence in the animal kingdom
Michael Wink 117
1 Introduction ............................ 118
2 Tool use in the animal kingdom ................. 120
3 Tradition of tricks....................... 130
4 Planning and insight ....................... 132
5 Cognition and social Intelligence ................ 134
6 Brain structures ......................... 136
7 Outlook.............................. 136
6 Intelligence: evolutionary biological foundations and perspectives
Thomas Holstein 141
1 Introduction ............................ 142
2 Foundations of neuronal cognition ................ 143
3 The first nervous Systems .................... 143
4 Cognition in invertebrates.................... 147
5 Cognition in vertebrates..................... 150
6 Cognition in hominids..................... 152
7 From the intelligence of homo sapiens to artificial intelligence?
7 When intelligence is impaired
Gudrun A. Rappold 165
1 David and the FOXP1 syndrome ................. 165
2 Autism spectrum disorder ................... 167
3 Intelligence quotient, giftedness and mental retardation . 168
4 Higher risk of disease in boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5 The life ount....................... 170
6 Abdominal and headbrain work together . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
7 FOXP1 and its closely related "language development gene" FOXP2 .............................. 172
8 Intelligence and intellectual disability - Two sides of the same medal?
9 The Plasticity of the brain .................... 173
10 Animal models as important intermediate steps to understanding . . . 174
11 Life perspectives........................ 175
8 Intelligence: The psychological view
Joachim Funke 181
1 Introduction ........................... 181
2 Definitory .......................... 182
3 Theoretical ........................... 183
4 Methodological ......................... 188
5 Critical ............................. 188
6 Artificial and Human .................. 191
7 Concluding.......................... 193
9 Interpersonal Intelligence
Sabine C. Herpertz 199
1 Introduction and explanations of terms................. 200
2 Development of Interpersonal Intelligence: a neuroscientific look ................ 202
3 Development of Interpersonal Intelligence: a look at early learning history . . . . . . . . . .
4 How is interpersonal intelligence measured? . . . . .
5 Interpersonal intelligence and personality disorders.
6 Outlook.............................. 212
10 Development of intelligence in the context of the use of digital media
Katajun Lindenberg & Ulrike Basten 219
1 Introduction............................. 220
2 Influence of video games on cognitive development . . . . 221
3 Influence of media multitasking on cognitive development 225
4 Influence of addictive video game use on cognitive
Development............................ 232
5 Interactions of media use and intelligence . . . . . 238
11 Metacognitive myopia - obstacle to intelligent behavior and failure of evolution?
Klaus Fiedler, Florian Ermark & Karolin Salmen 255
1 Introduction: rationality as the epitome of intelligent behavior . . 256
2 Metacognition........................... 260
3 Conclusions........................ 269
12 Intelligent algorithms and equations? - An approach to the intelligence of mathematical concepts
Thomas Stiehl & Anna Marciniak-Czochra 279
1 What is Intelligence?........................ 279
2 Why do we need mathematical intelligence? . . . . . . . . 281
3 What is mechanistic modeling? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
4 What can mechanistic modeling be used for? . . . 285
5 Techniques and tools .................... 291
6 Examples of mathematical modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
7 Data-Driven Processes .................... 296
8 Outlook.............................. 299
9 Conclusion ......................... 299
13 Artificial Intelligence and Algorithms - True Progress or just digital alchemy?
Vincent Heuveline & Viola Stiefel 305
1 Introduction............................. 306
2 Strong versus weak KI .................... 307
3 Weak KIs Mathematics................... 308
4 Algorithms for KI ........................ 310
5 AI as Blackbox.......................... 312
6 Interpretable AI as a possible solution path . . . . . . . . . . 314
14 Statistics and intelligence - a changing relationship
Christel Weiss 319
1 Introduction............................. 319
2 Statistical methods for measuring intelligence . . . . . . . 321
3 The influence of intelligence in data analysis . . . . . . . . . 327
4 Conclusions........................ 335
15 Human and artificial intelligence - a critical comparison
Thomas Fuchs 347
1 Introduction............................. 347
2 Persons are not programs ................. 352
3 Programs are not people ................. 355
4 Résumé: Simulation and Original................ 359
16 Emotional robotics - curse or blessing in psychiatric care?
Ines Al-Ameery-Brosche & Franz Resch
1 An Introduction .......................... 364
2 Artificial social-emotional intelligence - child and adolescent psychiatric perspectives
3 Robotics and apparatus ...................... 370
4 Societal consequences ..................... 371
5 Robotics and psychotherapy ................... 373
6 Robotics and psychotherapy - a conclusion
17 Human and artificial intelligence in medicine
Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
1 The disruptive use of information
2 Applications of artificial intelligence in medicine
3 Implications for medical data networking
4 Health data management: Who owns medical data?
5 Why do we need artificial intelligence methods for the Processing of Health Data?
6 Why is the Internet of Medicine (IoM) evolving so much later than the Internet of Things (IoT)?
18 The Industrialization of Intelligence
Michael Byczkowski & Magdalena Görtz 395
1 On striving for knowledge ................... 395
2 From observation to experience ................. 397
3 From experience to cognition .................. 397
4 From knowledge to skills.................. 398
5 The dissemination of knowledge.................. 399
6 The dissemination of skills ................. 399
7 From experience directly to skills............... 401
8 From data to artificial intelligence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
9 From correlations to causalities ................ 405
10 Models as images of reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
11 Outlook.............................. 407
19 Intelligent strategies: Correct recognition and good selection in a complex world
Dietrich Firnhaber
1 Introduction............................. 414
2 Recognizing and using the essential factors in a complex world .......................... 418
3 Selecting the appropriate options ................ 423
4 Open implementation ........................ 426
5 Concluding remarks ........................ 428
20 Intelligence in and with literature
Vera Nünning
1 Why intelligence and literature? Research desiderata, conceptual determinations and central theses ................ 433
2 The Representation of intelligence in Ian McEwan's ‘Machines Like Me’: Contrasting different types of intelligence and potential for conflict ....................... 439
3 The Representation of intelligence in Kazuo Ishiguro's ‘Klara and the Sun’: Empathy and Harmony ................... 444
4 Fostering emotional and social intelligence through experience with literary works 447
5 Literature as a medium for reflecting on intelligence, ethics, and wisdom ..............453
21 Cultural Intelligence in Literature: Giovanni Boccaccio's 'The Novella of the Falcon'
Christof Weiand 463
1 Introduction............................. 463
2 Cultural intelligence, or cleverness and stupidity in literature
3 Giovanni Boccaccio: The 'Falcon's Novella' …..467
4 The Literary World of Decameron............... 469
5 The Protagonists of the 'Falcon Novella' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
6 Cultural Intelligence in the Decameron ............... 478
7 The 'Falcon Novel' in the prism of psychological intelligence research ............... 479
22 Meta-Intelligence: Understanding, Control, and Coordination of Higher Cognitive Processes
Robert J. Sternberg 487
1 Introduction
2 Relations among Intelligence, Creativity, Wisdom, and Related Constructs
3 The Nature of Meta-Intelligence
23 Intelligentia Dei - Artificial Intelligence, Human Reason and Divine Wisdom
Manfred Oeming
1 Introduction ............................ 504
2 Power of religious language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
3 Divine intelligence in the advertising showcase . . . . . . . 510
4 Function of God's Intelligence.................. 512
5 Conclusion................................ 526
24 Political Intelligence? A view from practice between politics and science
Theresia Bauer
A Situation Report.......................... 531
25 Political Intelligence and Wisdom
Sebastian Harnisch
1 Introduction............................. 541
2 Theories of international relations and political Intelligence
3 End of political intelligence?................. 553
List of persons 561
