Description
Book SynopsisFrom 1868 to 1945 imperial Japan was governed by shifting coalitions of several dissimilar elite groups. In this historical analysis of the examination system that regulated access to the inner civil bureaucracy and shaped its political outlook, Professor Spaulding describes the steps by which Japan came to accept examinations as the key to office.
Table of Contents*Frontmatter, pg. i*Foreword, pg. vii*Acknowledgments, pg. viii*Contents, pg. ix*List of Figures, pg. xi*List of Tables, pg. xii*Introduction, pg. 1*1. Trial of the Chinese System, pg. 9*2. Kanda's "Chinese" Plan, 1869, pg. 20*3. The Search for Judicial Autonomy, pg. 33*4. Ito and Stein, 1882, pg. 43*5. The First "German" Plans, 1884, pg. 51*6. Ito and Kaneko, 1885-86, pg. 64*7. Tani and the 1887 Ordinances, pg. 73*8. A Third Judicial Examination System, 1890, pg. 80*9. Collapse and Revival, 1892-93, pg. 88*10. Hara and the New Examinations, 1893, pg. 100*11. Yamagata and the Capstone, 1899, pg. 111*12. Privilege and Protest, pg. 123*13. A Decade of Indecisive Skirmishes, pg. 136*14. The Myth of Unification, pg. 151*15. The Myth of Diversification, pg. 163*16. Structure of the Examination System, pg. 181*17. The Preparatory Examinations, pg. 190*18. The Preliminary Examinations, pg. 196*19. The Main Examinations, pg. 206*20. Training and the Post-Training Examinations, pg. 220*21. The Higher Examiners, pg. 233*22. The Mathematics of the Dragon Gate, pg. 258*23. Strategy at the Dragon Gate, pg. 273*24. Fraud and Favoritism, pg. 293*25. The Significance of Examinations, pg. 306*A. Glossary, pg. 327*B. Genealogy of the Private Law Schools, pg. 330*C. Internal Evidence for Dating the Rejected Plan of 1884, pg. 331*D. Identification and Dating of the "Lost" Plans of 1886, pg. 334*E. Questions in the Main Written Examinations, pg. 337*F. An Example of the Administrative Oral (1920), pg. 342*G. Candidates Passing Higher Examinations or Bar Examinations, pg. 346*H. Timing of the Higher Examinations, pg. 349*I. Examination Fees and Costs, pg. 350*J. Structure of the Higher Examinations, 1884-1945, pg. 354*K. The Parties and "Free Appointment", pg. 366*Bibliography, pg. 369*Index, pg. 393