Description
Book SynopsisTrade Review“...provides a comprehensive reference on body composition measurements and on the scope of influence on physiology and pathology related to body composition.”
Journal of Dance, Medicine & Science (review of the first edition)
“...indispensable for exercise science researchers and graduate students who want to use the methods described in the book and fully understand the literature based on these methods.”
Rivista di Antropologia (review of the first edition)
Table of ContentsPart I: The Science of Body Composition Research
Chapter 1. Study of Body Composition: An Overview
Wei Shen, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, ZiMian Wang, and Steven B. Heymsfield
History
-Body Composition Rules and Models
-Future Directions
Part II: Body Composition Measurement Methods
Chapter 2. Hydrodensitometry and Air Displacement Plethysmography
Scott B. Going
-Body Composition Models
-Estimation of Body Volume by Underwater Weighing
-Recommended Procedures for Hydrodensitometry
-Air Displacement Plethysmography
-Summary
Chapter 3. Hydrometry
Dale A. Schoeller
-Total Body Water
-Intracellular Water and Extracellular Water
-Summary
Chapter 4. Whole-Body Counting and Neutron Activation Analysis
Kenneth J. Ellis
-Whole-Body Counting
-Neutron Activation Analysis
Chapter 5. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Timothy G. Lohman and Zhao Chen
-History and Development of DXA
-Assumptions of DXA and Their Validity
-Applicability of DXA
-Equipment: Hardware
-Equipment: Software
-Measurement Procedures
-Calibration Procedures
-Precision of Total and Regional Composition Estimates
-Accuracy of DXA for the Measurement of Fatness
-Accuracy of DXA Regional Body Composition Assessments
-Estimating Body Composition Changes
-Hydration Status As a Confounder in DXA Body Composition Estimates
-Application of DXA to Pediatric Populations
-DXA Use in Multicomponent Models
-Steps Toward Standardization of DXA
-Recommended Procedure for DXA Measurements
-Summary
Chapter 6. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Wm. Cameron Chumlea and Shumei S. Sun
-Physical Electrical Properties
-Bioelectrical Properties
-Measuring Impedance
-Impedance History
-Single- and Multiple-Frequency Impedance
-Impedance and Body Composition
-Changes in Body Composition
-Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance
-Impedance and Blood Chemistry
-Summary
Chapter 7. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Robert Ross and Ian Janssen
-CT Image Acquisition
-MRI Image Acquisition
-CT Image Analysis
-MRI Image Analysis
-Determination of Tissue Volume
-CT Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Quality
-CT Measurement of Liver Tissue Quality
-MRI Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Quality
-MRI Measurement of Liver Tissue Quality
-Validity of Tissue Quantity by CT
-Validity of Tissue Quantity by MRI
-Comparison of CT and MRI
-Applications of CT and MRI on Tissue Quantity and Quality
-Future Directions
-Potential of CT and MRI in Large-Scale Studies
-Summary
Chapter 8. Anthropometry and Ultrasound
Anna Bellisari and Alex F. Roche
-Anthropometry
-Ultrasound
-Summary
Chapter 9. Pediatric Body Composition Methods
Aviva Sopher, Wei Shen, and Angelo Pietrobelli
-Multicomponent Models
-Hydrodensitometry
-Air Displacement Plethysmography
-Dilution Methods
-Whole-Body Counting
-Electrical Methods
-Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
-Imaging Methods
-Anthropometry
-Summary
Chapter 10. Animal Body Composition Methods
Maria S. Johnson and Tim R. Nagy
-Carcass Analysis
-Total Body Electrical Conductivity (TOBEC)
-Total Body Water by Isotope Dilution
-Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
-Computed Tomography (CT)
-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
-Summary
Chapter 11. Statistical Methods
Shumei S. Sun and Wm. Cameron Chumlea
-Accuracy of Predictive Equations
-Validity of the Response Variable
-Precision of the Predictor Variables
-Relationships Between Predictor Variables and Response Variables
-Statistical Methods
-Size and Nature of the Sample
-Published Predictive Equations
-Summary
Part III: Body Composition Models and Components
Chapter 12. Multicomponent Molecular-Level Models of Body Composition Analysis
ZiMian Wang, Wei Shen, Robert T. Withers, and Steven B. Heymsfield
-General Concepts of Molecular-Level Body Composition Methods
-Three-, Four-, and Six-Component Hydrodensitometry Methods
-Four- and Six-Component Neutron Activation Methods
-Six-Component Total Body Carbon Method
-Multicomponent Total Body Protein Method
-Summary
Chapter 13. Measuring Adiposity and Fat Distribution in Relation to Health
Luï ¿Å“s B. Sardinha and Pedro J. Teixeira
-Total Body Fatness
-Fat Distribution
-Summary
Chapter 14. Assessing Muscle Mass
Henry C. Lukaski
-Anthropometric Indicators of Muscle Mass
-Muscle Metabolites
-Radiographic Methods
-Nuclear Techniques
-Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
-High-Frequency Energy Absorption (HFEA)
-Summary
Chapter 15. Body Composition, Organ Mass, and Resting Energy Expenditure
Dympna Gallagher and Marinos Elia
-Measurement of REE
-Quantifying Specific Organ and Tissue Masses
-Specific Metabolic Rates of Organs and Tissues
-Modeling REE
-REE and Organ Metabolic Rates During the Life Span
-REE: Race and Ethnicity
-REE in Disease
-Ongoing Efforts in the Measurement of Tissue-Specific Metabolic Rates
-Summary
Part IV: Body Composition and Biological Influences
Chapter 16. Genetic Influences on Human Body Composition
Peter Katzmarzyk and Claude Bouchard
-Basic Concepts
-Methods
-Genetics and Body Fat Content
-Genetics and Fat Topography
-Genetic Pleiotropy and Body Fat Phenotypes
-Genetics and Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes
-Summary
Chapter 17. Age
Richard N. Baumgartner
-Fat Mass
-Fat Distribution
-Fat-Free Mass
-Summary
Chapter 18. Variation in Body Composition Associated With Sex and Ethnicity
Robert M. Malina
-Reference Values
-Total Body Composition
-Adipose Tissue Distribution
-Bone As a Component of Body Composition
-Skeletal Muscle
-Summary
Chapter 19. Pregnancy
Sally Ann Lederman
-Why Measure Pregnancy Body Composition?
-Measuring Body Composition Changes During Pregnancy
-Advances of the Field
Chapter 20. Exercise
Daniel P. Williams, Pedro J. Teixeira, and Scott B. Going
-Body Weight
-Whole-Body Fat
-Visceral Adipose Tissue
-Fat-Free Mass, Lean Soft Tissue, and Skeletal Muscle
-Bone
-Summary
Chapter 21. Hormonal Influences on Human Body Composition
Marie-Pierre St-Onge and Per Bjorntorp
-Hormonal Effects Through the Life Cycle
-Effects of Glucocorticoids
-Interactions Between Hormones
-Effects of Adipocyte-Derived Hormones
-Regulation of Energy Exchange
-Summary
Part V: Body Composition and Pathological States
Chapter 22. Morbidity and Mortality Associations
Jacob C. Seidell
-Anthropometric Measures in Relation to Morbidity and Mortality: Methodological Issues
-Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Mortality
-Body Composition and Aging: Implications for Morbidity and Mortality
-Effect of Age on the Association Between Weight Change and Health
-Effect of Age on the Association Between Fat Distribution and Health
-Summary
Chapter 23. Body Composition and Cancer
Zhao Chen
-Body Composition and Cancer Risk
-Body Composition and Cancer Treatment
-Cancer-Related Wasting
-Other Applications of Body Composition Assessments in Cancer Research
-Summary
Chapter 24. Obesity and Diabetes: Body Composition Determinants of Insulin Resistance
Bret H. Goodpaster and David E. Kelley
-Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and IR in Type 2 DM and Obesity
-Fat-Free Mass and IR in Type 2 DM and Obesity
-Abdominal Adiposity: Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Type 2 DM
-Lower-Extremity Adipose Tissue
-Skeletal Muscle Fat Content
-Hepatic Steatosis and IR in Obesity and Type 2 DM
-Effects of Weight Loss on Body Composition and IR
-Summary
Chapter 25. Body Composition Studies in People With HIV
Donald P. Kotler and Ellen S. Engelson
-Early Studies (1981-1983)
-Body Composition Assessment
-Cross-Sectional Studies
-Studies of Pathogenic Mechanisms
-Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcomes
-Longitudinal Studies
-Studies of Nutritional Therapies
-HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy
-Pseudotruncal Obesity
-Treatment of Fat Redistribution
-Switch Studies
-Summary
Chapter 26. Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition
Ian Janssen and Ronenn Roubenoff
-Influence of Metabolic Imbalances on Body Composition
-Influence of Immune Mediators on Metabolism
-Usefulness of Body Composition As a Measure of Chronic Disease Status
-Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition in Adults
-Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents
-Summary
Appendix: Reference Body Composition Tables
Abbreviations
References
Index
