Description
Book SynopsisThe revised second edition of this established text offers readers a significantly expanded introduction to the effects of radiation on metals and alloys. It describes the various processes that occur when energetic particles strike a solid, inducing changes to the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Specifically it covers particle interaction with the metals and alloys used in nuclear reactor cores and hence subject to intense radiation fields. It describes the basics of particle-atom interaction for a range of particle types, the amount and spatial extent of the resulting radiation damage, the physical effects of irradiation and the changes in mechanical behavior of irradiated metals and alloys.
Updated throughout, some major enhancements for the new edition include improved treatment of low- and intermediate-energy elastic collisions and stopping power, expanded sections on molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo methodologies describing colli
Table of Contents
Part I Radiation Damage.
1. The Radiation Damage Event.
1.1 Neutron–Nucleus Interactions. 1.2 Interactions Between Ions and Atoms. 1.3 Energy Loss Nomenclature. Problems. References.
2. The Displacement of Atoms.
2.1 Elementary Displacement Theory. 2.2 Modifications to the K–P Displacement Model. 2.3 The Displacement Cross Section. 2.4 Displacement Rates. 2.5 Correlation of Property Changes and Irradiation Dose. 2.6 Displacements from Charged Particle Irradiation. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
3. The Damage Cascade.
3.1 Displacement Mean Free Path. 3.2 Primary Recoil Spectrum. 3.3 Cascade Damage Energy and Cascade Volume. 3.4 Computer Simulations of Radiation Damage. 3.5 Stages of Cascade Development. 3.6 Behavior of Defects within the Cascade. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
4. Point Defect Formation and Diffusion.
4.1 Properties of Irradiation-Induced Defects. 4.2 Thermodynamics of Point Defect Formation. 4.3 Diffusion of Point Defects. 4.4 Correlated Diffusion. 4.5 Diffusion in Multicomponent Systems. 4.6 Diffusion along High Diffusivity Paths. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
5. Radiation-Enhanced and Diffusion Defect Reaction Rate Theory.
5.1 Point Defect Balance Equations. 5.2 Radiation-Enhanced Diffusion. 5.3 Defect Reactions. 5.4 React
ion Rate-Controlled Processes. 5.5 Diffusion-Limited Reactions. 5.6 Mixed Rate Control. 5.7 Defect–Grain Boundary Reactions. 5.8 Coherent Precipitates and Solutes. 5.9 Point Defect Recovery. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
Part II Physical Effects of Radiation Damage
6. Radiation-Induced Segregation.
6.1 Radiation-Induced Segregation in Concentrated Binary Alloys. 6.2 RIS in Ternary Alloys. 6.3 Effect of Local Composition Changes on RIS. 6.4 Effect of Solutes on RIS. 6.5 Examples of RIS in Austenitic Alloys. 6.6 RIS in Ferritic Alloys. 6.7 Effect of Grain Boundary Structure on RIS. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
7. Dislocation Microstructure.
7.1 Dislocation Lines. 7.2 Faulted Loops and Stacking Fault Tetrahedra. 7.3 Defect Clusters. 7.4 Extended Defects. 7.5 Effective Defect Production. 7.6 Nucleation and Growth of Dislocation Loops. 7.7 Dislocation Loop Growth. 7.8 Recovery. 7.9 Evolution of the Interstitial Loop Microstructure. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
8. Irradiation-Induced Voids and Bubbles.
8.1 Void Nucleation. 8.2 Void Growth. 8.3 Void Growth Equation. 8.4 Bubble Growth. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
9. Phase Stability Under Irradiation.
9.1 Radiation-Induced Segregation and Radiation-Induced Precipitation. 9.2 Recoil Dissolution. 9.3 Radiati
on Disordering. 9.4 Incoherent Precipitate Nucleation. 9.5 Coherent Precipitate Nucleation. 9.6 Examples of Radiation-induced Precipitation. 9.7 Metastable Phases. 9.8 Amorphization. 9.9 Phase Stability in Reactor Core Component Alloys. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
10. Unique Effe
cts o
f Ion Irradiation.
10.1 Ion Irradiation Techniques. 10.2 Composition Changes. 10.3 Other Effects of Ion Implantation. 10.4 High Dose Gas Loading: Blistering and Exfoilation. 10.5 Solid Phases and Inert Gas Bubble Lattices. 10.6 Displacements due to Electronic Excitation. 10.7 Ion Beam Assisted Deposition. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
11. Simulation of Neutron Irradiation Effects with Ions.
11.1 Motivation for Using Ion Irradiation as a Surrogate for Neutron Irradiation. 11.2 Review of Aspects of Radiation Damage Relevant to Ion Irradiation. 11.3 Particle Type Dependence of RIS. 11.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Various Particle Types. 11.5 Irradiation Parameters for Particle Irradiations. 11.6 Emulation of Neutron Irradiation Damage with Proton Irradiation. 11.7 Emulation of Neutron Irradiation Damage with Self-Ion Irradiation. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
Part III Mechanical Effects of Radiation Damage.
12 Irradiation Hardening and Deformation.
12.1 Elastic and Plastic Deformation. 12.2 Irradiation Hardening. 12.
3 Deformation in Irradiated Metals. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
13. Irradiation Creep and Growth.
13.1 Thermal Creep. 13.2 Irradiation Creep. 13.3 Irradiation Growth and Creep in Zirconium Alloys. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
14. Fracture and Embrittlement.
14.1 Types of Fracture. 14.2 The Cohesive Strength of Metals. 14.3 Fracture Mechanics. 14.4 Fractu
re
Mechanics T
ests. 14.5 Elastic–plastic Fracture Mechanics. 14.6 Brittle Fracture. 14.7 Irradiation-Induced Embrittlement in Ferritic Steels. 14.8 Fracture and Fatigue of Austenitic Alloys at Low to Intermediate Temperatures. 14.9 High-Temperature Embrittlement. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
15. Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking Fundamentals.
15.1 Forms of Corrosion. 15.2 Thermodynamics of Corrosion. 15.3 Kinetics of Corrosion. 15.4 Polarization. 15.5 Passivity. 15.6 Crevice Corrosion. 15.7 Stress Corrosion Cracking.
16. Effects of Irradiation on Corrosion and Environmentally Assisted Cracking.
16.1 Effects of Irradiation on Water Chemistry. 16.2 Effects of Irradiation on Oxide. 16.3 Effects of Irradiation on Stress Corrosion Cracking. 16.4 Mechanism of IASCC. Nomenclature. Problems. References.
Index.
