Description
Book SynopsisA graceful writer and an expert biometrician, Bulmer details the eventual triumph of biometrical methods in the history of quantitative genetics based on Mendelian principles, which underpins our understanding of evolution today.
Trade ReviewChapters on Galton's early scientific career... are followed by meatier chapters on statistical theory of heredity, the law of ancestral heredity, discontinuity in evolution, and biometry. For historians of science the book provides a clear roadmap to what Galton did, or said he did, and what he thought, or what he believed he thought. -- Hamilton Cravens Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences Michael Bulmer's book is only partially about Galton the man. It begins with a biographical chapter but most of the book describes and evaluates Galton's quantitative work... Bulmer guides us skillfully through a great deal of the beginnings of our science. We are where we are because of the labors of people like Francis Galton. Science is not the same thing as progress but Galton's story is relevant to understanding something about the way in which science is related to progress. -- R.J. Berry Human Genetics 2004
Table of ContentsAcknowledgments
Chronology
Introduction
1. A Victorian Life
Family Background and Education
Travels
Eastern Europe, 1840
The Near East, 1845–46
South West Africa, 1850–52
Vacation Tours
Scientific Career
The Royal Geographical Society
Exploration in Central Africa
The British Association
Inventions
Meteorology
Heredity and Evolution
Psychology
Photography
Fingerprints
Characterization
2. Hereditary Ability
"Hereditary Talent and Character" (1865)
Hereditary Genius (1869)
English Judges
Comparison of Results for All Professions
Transmission through Male and Female Lines
The Reception of Hereditary Genius
Nature and Nurture
English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture (1874)
"The History of Twins" (1875)
Galton's Hereditarianism
Epilogue
Appendix: Number of Kinsfolk
3. Eugenics
Galtonian Eugenics
Later History of Eugenics
Britain
America
Germany
The Rationale of Eugenics
4. The Mechanism of Heredity
Galton's Knowledge of Heredity in 1865
Biparental Inheritance
The Non-Inheritance of Acquired Characters
The Law of Reversion
Darwin's Provisional Hypothesis of Pangenesis
Reversion
The Inheritance of Acquired Characters
Xenia and Telegony
Galton's Reaction to Pangenesis
Galton's Political Metaphor of Pangenesis
An Experimental Test of Pangenesis
Galton's Theory of Heredity in the 1870s
Similarities Between Relatives
Galton's Ideas on Heredity in 1889
Discussion
Weismann and the Continuity of the Germ-Plasm
De Vries's Theory of Intracellular Pangenesis
Segregation
Blending Inheritance
Fleeming Jenkin and the Problem of Swamping
5. Four Evolutionary Problems
The Domestication of Animals
The Evolution of Gregariousness
The Fertility of Heiresses
The Extinction of Surnames
The Evolution of Sex
"A Theory of Heredity" (1875)
Three Unpublished Essays
6. The Charms of Statistics
Quetelet and the Average Man
Galton and the Normal Distribution
Hereditary Genius (1869)
Natural Inheritance (1889)
The Importance of the Normal Distribution to Galton
Galton's Quincunx
Regression and the Bivariate Normal Distribution
Correlation
Two Concepts of Probability
The Development of Statistics
Appendix: Regression Theory
7. Statistical Theory of Heredity
A Theory Based on Pangenesis
"Typical Laws of Heredity" (1877)
An Experiment with Sweet Peas
Solution of the Problem
Johannsen's Experiments with Beans
The Inheritance of Human Height
The Advantages of Height
The Regression of Offspring on Mid-Parent
Kinship
Fraternal Regression
Variability in Fraternities and Co-Fraternities
8. The Law of Ancestral Heredity
Galton's Formulation of the Ancestral Law
Galton's Derivation of the Law in 1885
Derivation of the Law in 1897
Galton's Law as It Should Have Been
Karl Pearson's Interpretation of the Ancestral Law
The Ancestral Law and Mendelism
Weldon and Mendelism
Pearson and Mendelism
Yule's Reconciliation of the Law with Mendelism
Appendix: The Regression on Mid-Ancestral Values
9. Discontinuity in Evolution
Galton's Theory of Discontinuous Evolution
Stability of Type
Perpetual Regression
Selection Experiments
The Fallacy of Perpetual Regression
"Discontinuity in Evolution" (1894)
Speciation and Saltation
De Vries and The Mutation Theory
Punctuated Equilibria
10. Biometry
The Demonstration of Natural Selection
The Career of W. F. R. Weldon
The Common Shrimp
The Shore Crab
Stabilizing Selection in Snails
Bumpus's Sparrows
Multivariate Selection
Quantitative Genetics
The Multiple Factor Hypothesis
The Hardy-Weinberg Law
Mendelian Theory of Quantitative Genetics
The Response to Selection
Coda
Appendix: Multivariate Selection Theory
Selection Differentials and Selection Gradients
The Response to Selection
References
Index
