Description
Book SynopsisTable of Contents Part 1 Becoming an Effective Reader 1
Chapter 1 A Reading System for Effective Readers 3
Define Prior Knowledge 3
Use the Three Phases of the Reading Process with SQ3R 6
Before Reading: Survey and Question 7
Survey 7
Question 8
During Reading: Read and Annotate 10
Read 10
Annotate 11
After Reading: Recite and Review 13
Recite 13
Review 13
Develop Textbook Skills: Ask and Answer Questions Before, During, and After
Reading 15
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of the
Reading Process 20
Academic Application 20
Personal Application 21
Career Application 23
Review Tests 25
After Reading About a Reading
System for Effective Readers 34
Mastery Tests 35
Chapter Review: Summary of Key
Concepts of a Reading System
for Effective Readers 43
Chapter 2 Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills 45
Before Reading About Vocabulary Skills 45
Define Vocabulary 46
Analyze Context Clues: A SAGE Approach 46
Synonyms 47
Antonyms 49
General Context 50
Examples 52
Develop Textbook Skills: Using a Glossary 53
Analyze Word Parts: Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes 58
Roots 60
Prefixes 62
Suffixes 64
Use an Online Dictionary 66
How to Access and Read an Online Dictionary Entry 67
Spelling and Syllables 67
Parts of Speech 69
Definitions 71
Develop Textbook Skills: Learning Content Words and Textbook Definitions 72
Content Words 72
Textbook Definitions 73
Visual Vocabulary 74
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications
of Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills 77
Academic Application 77
Personal Application 79
Career Application 80
Review Tests 81
After Reading About Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills 90
Mastery Tests 91
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Vocabulary and
Dictionary Skills 99
Chapter 3 Stated Main Ideas 101
Before Reading About Stated Main Ideas 101
Identify the Traits of a Main Idea 102
Identify the Topic of a Paragraph 103
Identify a Topic Sentence 107
Analyze the Flow of Ideas and Identify Placement of Topic Sentences 114
Topic Sentence at the Beginning of a Paragraph 114
Topic Sentence Within a Paragraph 116
Topic Sentence at the End of A Paragraph 118
Topic Sentence at the Beginning and the End of the Paragraph 120
Recognize the Central Idea and the Thesis Statement 123
Develop Textbook Skills: Identify Topics, Main Ideas, and Central Ideas in
Textbooks 125
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic,
Personal, and Career Applications of Stated
Main Ideas 131
Academic Application 131
Personal Application 132
Career Application 134
Review Tests 135
After Reading About Stated Main Ideas 144
Mastery Tests 145
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of
Stated Main Ideas 153
Chapter 4 Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 155
Before Reading About Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 155
Define the Term Implied Main Idea 156
Analyze Supporting Details and Thought Patterns to Determine Implied Main
Ideas 158
Determine the Implied Main Ideas of Paragraphs 161
State the Implied Main Idea Based on the Supporting Details 164
Determine and State the Implied Central Idea 170
Develop Textbook Skills: Use Graphics as Details That Imply a Main Idea 175
A Final Note About Experience and Perspective 177
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of
Implied Main Ideas 177
Academic Application 178
Personal Application 178
Career Application 180
Review Tests 181
After Reading About Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 192
Mastery Tests 193
Summary of Key Concepts of Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 201
Chapter 5 Supporting Details 203
Before Reading About Supporting
Details 203
Create Questions to Locate
Supporting Details 204
Distinguish Between Major and
Minor Details 207
Create a Summary from
Annotations 212
Drafting a Summary: Stated Main
Ideas 212
Drafting a Summary: Implied
Main Ideas 214
Develop Textbook Skills: Chapter-
End Questions in a Textbook 217
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications
of Supporting Details 221
Academic Application 222
Personal Application 224
Career Application 225
Review Tests 227
After Reading About Supporting Details 237
Mastery Tests 239
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Supporting Details 247
Chapter 6 Outlines and Concept Maps 249
Before Reading about Outlines and Concept Maps 249
Create Outlines 250
Create Concept Maps 255
Develop Textbook Skills: The Table of Contents 258
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications
of Outlines and Concept Maps 262
Academic Application 262
Personal Application 264
Career Application 265
Review Tests 267
After Reading About Outlines and Concept Maps 278
Mastery Tests 279
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Outlines and Concept Maps 287
Chapter 7 Transitions and Thought Patterns 289
Before Reading About Transitions and Thought
Patterns 289
Recognize Transition Words to Determine
Relationships Within a Sentence 290
Recognize Thought Patterns to Determine
Relationships Between Sentences 294
The Time Order Pattern 300
The Space Order Pattern 307
The Listing Pattern 311
The Classification Pattern 314
Develop Textbook Skills: Thought Patterns in
Textbooks 318
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of
Transitions and Thought Patterns 321
Academic Application 321
Personal Application 324
Career Application 326
Review Tests 328
After Reading About Transitions and Thought Patterns 337
Mastery Tests 339
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Transitions
and Thought Patterns 347
Chapter 8 More Thought Patterns 349
Before Reading About More Thought Patterns 349
Recognize the Comparison-and-Contrast Pattern and Signal Words 350
Comparison 350
Contrast 353
Comparison and Contrast 357
Recognize the Cause-and-Effect Pattern and Signal Words 361
Recognize the Generalization-and-Example Pattern and Signal Words 367
Recognize the Definition-and-Example Pattern and Signal Words 370
Develop Textbook Skills: Thought Patterns in Textbooks 375
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications
of More Thought Patterns 376
Academic Application 377
Personal Application 378
Career Application 378
Review Tests 381
After Reading About More Thought Patterns 391
Mastery Tests 393
Summary of Key Concepts of More Thought Patterns 401
Chapter 9 Fact and Opinion 403
Before Reading About Fact and Opinion 403
Define the Terms Fact and Opinion 404
Ask Questions to Identify Facts 405
Analyze Biased Words to Identify Opinions 407
Analyze Qualifiers to Identify Opinions 408
Analyze Supposed Facts 409
Read Critically: Evaluate Details as Fact or Opinion in Context 414
Evaluate the Context of the Passage 415
Evaluate the Context of the Author 418
Evaluate the Context of the Source 419
Develop Textbook Skills: Fact and Opinion in Textbooks 422
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Fact
and Opinion 426
Academic Application 426
Personal Application 428
Career Application 429
Review Tests 430
After Reading About Fact and Opinion 440
Mastery Tests 441
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Fact and Opinion 449
Chapter 10 Tone and Purpose 451
Before Reading About Tone and
Purpose 451
Define the Terms Tone and
Purpose 452
Understand How Tone Is
Established 454
Identify Subjective and
Objective Tone Words 457
Determine the General Purpose
in the Main Idea 460
Determine the Primary
Purpose of a Passage 465
Evaluate Passages for the Use of Irony 470
Develop Textbook Skills: Recognize an Author’s Tone and Purpose 473
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal,
and Career Applications of Tone and Purpose 474
Academic Application 475
Personal Application 476
Career Application 477
Review Tests 478
After Reading About Tone and Purpose 488
Mastery Tests 489
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Tone and Purpose 497
Chapter 11 Inferences 499
Before Reading About Inferences 499
Describe Inferences as Educated Guesses 500
Define a Valid Inference 501
Apply the VALID Approach to Make Inferences and Avoid Invalid
Conclusions 504
Step 1: Verify and Value the Facts 504
Step 2: Assess Prior Knowledge 506
Step 3: Learn from the Text 508
Step 4: Investigate for Bias 510
Step 5: Detect Contradictions 512
Make Inferences Based on Creative Expressions 514
Develop Textbook Skills: Inferences and Visual Aids in Textbooks 518
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications
of Inferences 520
Academic Application 521
Personal Application 523
Career Application 524
Review Tests 526
After Reading About Inferences 537
Mastery Tests 539
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts about Inferences 547
Chapter 12 The Basics of Argument 549
Before Reading About the Basics of Argument 549
Define the Terms Argument, Claim, and Supports 550
Step 1: Identify the Author’s Claim and Supports 551
Step 2: Determine Whether the Supports Are Relevant 556
Step 3: Determine Whether the
Supports Are Adequate 564
Step 4: Analyze the Argument for
Bias 566
Develop Textbook Skills: The Logic of
Argument in Textbooks 569
Apply Information Literacy Skills:
Academic, Personal, and Career
Applications of the Basics of
Argument 573
Academic Application 574
Personal Application 575
Career Application 577
Review Tests 580
After Reading About the Basics of Argument 591
Mastery Tests 593
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts About the Basics of
Argument 601
Chapter 13 Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 603
Before Reading About Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 603
Identify Biased Arguments 604
What Is a Fallacy in Logical Thought? 604
What Is Propaganda? 606
Detect Fallacies Based on Irrelevant Arguments 609
Personal Attack 610
Straw Man 610
Begging the Question 611
Detect Propaganda Techniques Based on Irrelevant Arguments 613
Name-Calling 613
Testimonials 613
Bandwagon 615
Plain Folks 616
Detect Fallacies Based on Inadequate Arguments 618
Either-Or 618
False Comparison 619
False Cause 620
Detect Propaganda Techniques Based on Inadequate Arguments 621
Card Stacking 621
Transfer 622
Glittering Generalities 623
Develop Textbook Skills: Examining Biased Arguments in Textbooks 625
Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications
of Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 629
Academic Application 630
Personal Application 631
Career Application 633
Review Tests 635
After Reading About Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 646
Mastery Tests 647
Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts about Advanced Argument: Persuasive
Techniques 655
Part 2 Additional Readings 657
Evaluate the Connection Between Reading and Writing 658
Annotating a Text 658
Writing a Summary 660
A Reading-Writing Plan of Action 661
1 Some are Semi-sweet and Some are Semi-not 663
By Bob Schwartz
2 Fifth Chinese Daughter 669
By Jade Snow Wong
3 Social Networking Sites: Online Friendships Can Mean Offline Peril 677
By The Federal Bureau of Investigation
4 Toys R Us 684
By Bucky McMahon
5 Curbing College Drinking Starts with a Change in Attitude 692
By Sara Fritz
6 To the Power of a Persevering Teacher 699
By D. J. Henry
7 The Quest for Peace and Justice 707
By Martin Luther King, Jr.
8 I am Adam Lanza’s Mother 716
By Liza Long 716
9 Psychological Disorders 724
By Richard J. Gerrig and Philip G. Zimbardo
10 Diversity in U.S. Families 737
By James M. Henslin
Part 3: Combined-Skills Tests 749
Part 4: Reading Enrichment 775 (available only in the Pearson eText in MyReadingLab)
Appendix: Reading Graphics in Textbooks 777
Text Credits 797
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