Description
Book SynopsisDuring the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century chemical societies were established all over Europe. The book focuses on this process and further development of the European chemical societies before World War I and in exceptional cases up to 1930. It comprises chapters based on a common set of questions and an extensive concluding chapter that provides a comparative analysis of the early development of the European chemical societies. The book offers unique historical material showing the social, intellectual and political circumstances in which the chemical societies were constituted and function, their relations to universities and chemical industries, everyday lives, international contacts, etc. The analysis of data explores how networks in chemistry and professional autonomy were constituted, and investigates the process of demarcation that inevitably takes place when a social institution of a scientific discipline is formed. The reader
Table of ContentsChapter 1: AUSTRIA Austrian Chemical Societies in the Last Decades of the Habsburg Monarchy until 1914; Chapter 2: BELGIUM From Industry to Academia: the Belgian Chemical Society, 1887-1914; Chapter 3: CZECH REPUBLIC Chemical Societies as Multifunctional Social Elements in the Czech Lands 1866-1919; Chapter 4: DENMARK Creating a Danish Identity in Chemistry Between Pharmacy and Engineering, 1879-1914; Chapter 5: FRANCE The Chemical Society of France in its Formative Years, 1857-1914: Disciplinary Identity and the Struggle for Unity; Chapter 6: GERMANY Discipline - Industry - Profession. German Chemical Organizations, 1867-1914; Chapter 7: GREAT BRITAIN Chemical Societies and the Demarcation of the British Chemical Community, 1870-1914; Chapter 8: HUNGARY Scientific Community of an Emancipating Nation: Chemical Societies in Hungary Before 1914; Chapter 9: THE NETHERLANDS Keeping the Ranks Closed: The Dutch Chemical Society, 1903-1914; Chapter 10: NORWAY A Group of Chemists in the Polytechnic Society in Christiania. The Norwegian Chemical Society, 1893-1916; Chapter 11: POLAND Chemists in a Divided Country. The Long-lasting Genesis and Early History of the Polish Chemical Society 1767-1923; Chapter 12: PORTUGAL Tackling a Complex Chemical Equation: The Portuguese Society of Chemistry, 1911-1926; Chapter 13: RUSSIA The Formation of the Russian Chemical Society and its History until1914; Chapter 14: SWEDEN The Chemical Society in Sweden: Eclecticism in Chemistry 1883-1914; Chapter 15: Creating Networks in Chemistry - Conclusions
