Description
Book SynopsisThe second in a series of final publications of the Apollonia-Arsuf excavations, this volume reports the finds from the 1996, 2002, 2006, 2012, 2013, and 2017 seasons. The main topics are the excavation of areas to the east of the Apollonia National Park, outside the walled medieval town; the excavations carried out within and just outside the perimeter of the Park; skeletal remains; faunal remains; and a variety of finds, including pottery, glass, stone, metal, and bone objects as well as numerous coins.
The analysis of the finds discussed in this report contribute to our understanding of the site during the Byzantine and early medieval occupation. Byzantine Apollonia, called Sozousa, was unwalled and extended over an area of some 280 dunams. Among its architectural remains are a church and industrial quarters with wine and oil presses, plastered pools, and raw glass furnaces. In the days of the Umayyad Caliph ‘Abd al-Malik (685–705), the site, at that point called Arsuf, was fortified by a wall that encompassed some seventy-seven dunams. By the end of the Early Islamic period, it became a ribbat (fort) where Muslim philosophers resided. In 1101, the site was conquered by the Crusaders. Towards the mid-twelfth century, ownership was transferred to a Crusader noble family, and the site became the center of a feudal seigneury. Construction of the castle in the northern sector began in 1241, and in 1261 administration of it, the town, and the seigneury of Arsur, as it was then called, passed to the Knights Hospitaller. By the end of the Mamluk siege in 1265, the town and castle were destroyed and never again settled.
Table of ContentsPREFACE
Oren Tal
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Oren Tal
SECTION ONE: STRATIGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER 2 AREA AA (2012−2013)
Tamar Harpak and Oren Tal
CHAPTER 3 AREA AA1 (2012−2013)
Itai Elad, Tamar Harpak and Oren Tal
CHAPTER 4 AREA AA2 (2012−2013)
Tamar Harpak and Oren Tal
CHAPTER 5 AREAS AA3, AA4 AND BB (2012−2013)
Tamar Harpak and Oren Tal
CHAPTER 6 AREA CC (2012−2013)
Tamar Harpak and Oren Tal
CHAPTER 7 AREAS CC2, DD1, DD2, DD3 AND TT8 (1996, 2012−2013)
Itai Elad, Tamar Harpak and Oren Tal
CHAPTER 8 AREA M (2006, 2009)
Oren Tal
CHAPTER 9 AREA N (2002) AND AREA N1 (2017)
Oren Tal
CHAPTER 10 AREA O (2006, 2009)
Oren Tal
CHAPTER 11 BURIALS AND SKELETAL REMAINS
Yossi Nagar
CHAPTER 12 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY
Oren Tal
SECTION TWO: THE FINDS
CHAPTER 13 POTTERY
Itamar Taxel
CHAPTER 14 LAMPS
Oren Tal, Itamar Taxel and Marcio Teixeira Bastos
APPENDIX 14.1 OPTICAL MINERALOGY ANALYSIS OF SAMARITAN OIL LAMPS
Mark Iserlis
CHAPTER 15 STONE VESSELS
Itamar Taxel
201
CHAPTER 16 GLASS
Ruth E. Jackson-Tal
207
CHAPTER 17 SMALL FINDS
Oren Tal
246
CHAPTER 18 COINS (AREAS AA−DD, M, N, O)
Gabriela Bijovsky (with a contribution by Issa Baidoun)
263
CHAPTER 19 TWENTIETH CENTURY MILITARIA
Alexander Glick
SECTION THREE: FAUNA
CHAPTER 20 THE ANIMAL ECONOMY OF BYZANTINE SOZOUSA AND ITS IMMEDIATE HINTERLAND (AREAS M, O, AA1 AND CC)
Miriam Pines and Lidar Sapir-Hen
APPENDIX 20.1 MEASURMENTS (STANDARDIZED MEASURMENTS TAKEN ACCORDING TO VON DEN DRIESCH 1976)
Miriam Pines and Lidar Sapir-Hen
CHAPTER 21 MOLLUSC REMAINS (AREAS AA−DD)
Oz Rittner and Henk K. Mienis
SECTION FOUR: REGIONAL STUDIES
CHAPTER 22 APOLLONIA GLASS AND ITS MARKETS: AN ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE
Ian C. Freestone
CHAPTER 23 CARPE MOMENTO: IN QUEST OF THE MATERIAL EVIDENCE OF THE BATTLE OF ARSUF (7 SEPTEMBER 1191)
Rafael Y. Lewis
SECTION FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 24 THE SITE AND ITS IMMEDIATE HINTERLAND IN LATE BYZANTINE TIMES
Oren Tal
LIST OF LOCI
Tamar Harpak, Oren Tal and Hagi Yohanan
