Description
Book SynopsisJohn A. González, Director of the Rozhkov Historical Research Centre, examines the evolution of the thought of the most important and prolific historian after V.O. Kliuchevskii. Rozhkov’s transformation from liberal thinker to social democrat is explored against the background of Russia's paradigmatic shift from tsarist regime to revolutionary government.
Trade Review"Gonzalez's biography, which includes twenty-four illustrations, a biographical chronology, and a list of Rozhkov's works, gives long-overdue attention to Rozhkov's place in the Russian revolutionary movement and Russian Marxist historiography." - Barbara C. Allen, in: The Russian Review, 2017, pp. 565-6
Table of ContentsList of Illustrations xi Note on Transliteration, Calendars & Translation xii Abbreviations xiii Map xvi Prologue 1 1 The Formative Years (1868–1898): Rozhkov the Academic 11 Verkhotur’e and the Early Years 11 Rozhkov’s Family—His Parents and Siblings 12 The First Wave of Positivist Influence 14 Henry Thomas Buckle 15 Herbert Spencer 18 Avgust Liudvigovich Tochiskii 22 Faculty of History and Philology at Moscow University 24 Zinaida Petrovna Vovoiskaia 25 The Young Married Couple 26 V.O. Kliuchevskii 28 Rozhkov as Teacher and First Publications 29 Research under Kliuchevskii 31 Economic Materialism, Legal Marxism, Ziber and Marx 32 Kliuchevskii, Thesis and the Uvarov Prize 35 The Young Academic 37 The Success of Contemporary Sociology and History—A Second Wave of Positivist Influence 40 2 The Influence of Marxism (1898–1905): Rozhkov the Revolutionary 47 Rozhkov’s Interpretation of Marxism 47 His Doctoral Thesis, Marxism and Politics 48 The Importance of Psychology and Marxism 50 Marxism and the Psychology of the Individual 51 Textbooks and Educating the Public 55 The Success of Town and Village in Russian History and the Zemstva Lectures 55 The Moscow Pedagogical Society and Public Education 61 Teachers, Students and Academics Demand Change 64 A.A. Malinovskii-Bogdanov and Pravda 66 Geneva and 1905 67 3 Revolution and Prison (1905–1907): Rozhkov the Bolshevik 76 Rozhkov the Bolshevik and the Literary-Propagandist Group 76 Moscow University and 1905 77 Rozhkov and 1905 80 The Aftermath of 1905 86 First Meeting with Lenin 88 Svetoch—A Legal Bolshevik Newspaper 91 Rozhkov Arrested after Svetoch Inquiry 92 Rozhkov Goes Underground—Kuokkala, Grand Duchy of Finland 93 Secret Political Meetings and Important Personalities 97 Fifth Congress of the RSDLP in London 99 Rethinking the Revolution in 1907 102 The Fundamental Laws of Social Phenomena 106 4 Reflections from Butyrskaia Prison: Rozhkov the Intellectual Incarcerated (1908–1910) 109 Rozhkov’s Arrest—1908 109 Prison Life, Letters and Labour 112 Psychology and History 115 Sibirevedenie and the Contemporary World in 1910 120 Hilferding and How Rozhkov came to Believe in Civilized Capitalism 123 5 Applying Theory to Practice: Rozhkov in Siberian Exile (1911) 128 The Fundamentals of Scientific Philosophy 128 Rozhkov’s Theory of Epistemology 132 Evolutionary Materialism not Dialectical Materialism 136 Rozhkov’s Theory of Energetics and Evolutionary Economism 139 Lenin and Rozhkov: Failed Attempts at Dialogue 144 Breaking with Lenin and the Bolsheviks: The Political Society for the Protection of the Interests of the Working Class 150 Rozhkov and the Final Split between Bolshevism and Menshevism 155 Rozhkov’s “Liquidationism” in Nasha Zaria and Lenin’s Response—A Liberal-Labour Party Manifesto in Zvezda 157 6 The Siberian Road to the Duma: Rozhkov More Menshevik than Bolshevik (1912–1917) 164 Realities of Political Exile—When Mensheviks Attack: A.S. Martynov 164 Rozhkov’s Reply: On Two Fronts 167 Rozhkov on Liquidationism 169 Martov’s Contribution: How it is Possible to be Wrong on both Fronts 173 Rozhkov Responds Again in Nasha Zaria 176 Lenin Continues the Polemic against Rozhkov: “He has not Understood Marxist Propositions” 181 Rozhkov’s Reply: Do not Allow Differences between Social-Democrats Destroy the Possibility of Teamwork 184 Exiles Respond to World War I: Siberian Zimmerwaldists 188 Rozhkov’s Pacifist and Anti-War Views 191 Rozhkov Reaffirms His “Social-Chauvinist” Views in Sovremennyi Mir 194 Siberian Regionalism and the Authorities Threatened 197 The Voice of Siberia—The Need for a New Daily Newspaper 201 Last Months in Siberian Exile under Tsarist Rule 204 7 In Search of a Political Compromise (1917–1921): Rozhkov the Social-Democrat 206 Rozhkov’s Open Letter to the Moscow Conference of Bolsheviks 206 Rozhkov as Deputy Minister of Posts and Telegraphs in the Provisional Government 210 The Politics of Agreement Challenged 214 The October Revolution: A Politician’s Critical View 218 The Russian Revolutions: A Historian’s View 220 A Year after the October Revolution: Rozhkov Writes to Lenin with Maxim Gor’kii’s Support 224 Rozhkov, Lenin and Martov Letters 230 Death of Zinaida Petrovna Vovoiskaia and Rozhkov’s First Arrest under Bolshevism 233 Letters from Gaol, Ia.S. Agranov, Lenin and Outside Efforts to Free Rozhkov 237 Rozhkov Sends another Letter to Lenin 240 8 There is No Compromise (1922–1927): Rozhkov under Bolshevik Surveillance 248 The Herzen Institute, Political Isolation and Lenin 248 The Machinations of Power: Rozhkov Arrested Once Again 253 Despite Appeals Rozhkov is Exiled to Pskov 259 Rozhkov on Russian Menshevism 262 More Letters to Zinov’ev 268 Life in Exile 273 The Last Years after Bolshevik Exile 275 Epilogue Rozhkov Rediscovered: A Review of the Major Literature since His Death 286 The Lunacharskii Letter 287 Pokrovskii and Rozhkovshchina 289 The Soviet Line on Rozhkov Established 292 A Fresh Look at Rozhkov: Volobuev 295 Stepanova, Chebotareva, Sheinfel’d, Hellie and Tarasova 297 The Rodina Letters, Iakovlev, Artizov, Shapiro and Andreeva 299 Makarchuk, Isachkin, Popov and Tikhomirov 301 Borisova, Leont’eva, Mikhailova and Filimonov 305 Ivanov, Korzun, Nechkhurin, Kocheshkov and Maidachevskii 309 Volobuev’s Latest Works 316 Appendix Works by N.A. Rozhkov 319 N.A. Rozhkov: A Chronology 342 Bibliography 344 Russian Sources 344 Non-Russian Sources 354 Index 368 List of Illustrations 1 View of Ekaterinburg in the late nineteenth century 42 2 Rozhkov’s young parents 43 3 Young Kolia standing with mum and younger brother 44 4 Rozhkov as a young student 45 5 Rozhkov the senior gymnasium student with his parents 46 6 Rozhkov as a young man 72 7 Rozhkov the teacher with his class of Cadets in Moscow 73 8 Rozhkov the academic circa 1900 74 9 Rozhkov’s first wife—Zinaida Petrovna Vovoiskaia 75 10 Police mug shot 18 May 1908 126 11 Police photo 18 May 1908 126 12 Visit portrait of Rozhkov taken in London in 1907 127 13 Rozhkov’s older parents 127 14 Nikolai and Zinaida in Siberian exile. He is at the right window, his wife is at the left window 244 15 Nikolai and Zinaida with other exiles at the entrance of a cave somewhere in Siberia 245 16 Nikolai (front—second from right) and Zinaida (front—second from left) with other exiles on a picnic 245 17 Exiles in Siberia—Rozhkov second man sitting front left, wife stands in the middle, Tsereteli sits second row right 246 18 With comrades in Chita. Rozhkov sits in the middle 246 19 A meeting In Siberia just before returning to Moscow, Rozhkov is in middle with Tsereteli to his left 247 20 Meeting of the first lecturers and staff of the Ural State University in Ekaterinburg in 1920. Rozhkov second from left. To his right sits A.A. Gapeev and in the middle sits A.P. Pinkevich 247 21 Early photograph of Rozhkov’s Grave—Novodevich’e Cemetry 282 22 Rozhkov’s second wife—Maria Konstantinovna Pshenitsyna in 1925 283 23 M.K. Pshenitsyna in 1950 284 24 Rozhkov’s Grave today 285 Map
