Description
Book SynopsisThis book completes the two-volume analysis of the sounds and grammatical forms of the Old English language that began with Richard M. Hogg's highly regarded Grammar of Old English: Phonology. Initiated by Hogg, and revised and completed by R.D.
Trade Review“Above all, A Grammar of Old English. Volume 2: Morphology definitely serves its purpose as a work of reference. Its paragraphs are numbered separately and the inclusion of indexes of words as well as of subjects makes the work easy to consult. These features, combined with the undisputed quality of its contents, make this volume the reference work of choice for all Old English scholars and their overly ambitious students.” (English Studies, 1 October 2013
“Old English has a new authoritative grammar that will take its place as a reliable resource for decades to come and inspire more studies on the language. It is a striking accomplishment.” (English Language and Linguistics, 1 January 2013)
Table of ContentsPreface x
Acknowledgments xii
List of abbreviations xiii
1 Preliminaries 1
2 Nouns: Stem Classes 7
I Early backgrounds (§§1–9) 7
II Vocalic stems (§§10–77) 14
1 a-stem nouns (§§10–33) 14
(a) Simple a-stems (§§11–18) 14
(b) ja-stems (§§19–26) 18
(c) wa-stems (§§27–33) 22
2 d-stem nouns (§§34 –54) 26
(a) Simple d-stems (§§35– 44) 26
(b) jd-stems (§§45–51) 32
(c) wd-stems (§§52– 4) 36
3 i-stem nouns (§§55–70) 37
4 u-stem nouns (§§71–7) 46
III Consonantal stems (§§78–114) 48
1 n-stem nouns (§§78–90) 48
(a) dn-stems (§§80–7) 49
(b) cn-stems (§§88–90) 54
2 r-stem nouns (§§91– 4) 55
3 s-stem nouns (§§95–101) 58
4 þ-stem nouns (§§102–3) 61
5 nd-stem nouns (§§104 –8) 62
6 Root-stem nouns (§§109–14) 64
3 Nouns: Declensions 69
I Introduction (§§1–6) 69
II as-declension (§§7–72) 72
1 Inflexions (§§8–11) 73
2 Allomorphic variation (§§12–72) 75
(a) Restoration of A (§§14 –17) 76
(b) Palatalization (§§18–20) 77
(c) Back umlaut (§§21– 4) 78
(d) Loss of [h] (§§25–9) 80
(e) Devoicing (§§30–1) 83
(f) Nominative singular in -e (§§32–8) 83
(g) Geminate consonants (§§39– 41) 86
(h) Nominative singular in -u (§42) 88
(i) Nominative singular in -w (§§43–9) 88
(j) Apocope (§§50–1) 92
(k) Double plurals (§§52–5) 93
(l) Disyllabic nouns (§§56–72) 95
III a-declension (§§73–104) 109
1 Inflexions (§§74 –80) 109
2 Allomorphic variation (§§81–104) 112
(a) Restoration of A (§§83– 4) 113
(b) Palatalization (§85) 114
(c) Back umlaut (§§86–7) 114
(d) Loss of [h] and final devoicing (§§88–9) 115
(e) Geminate consonants (§§90–1) 116
(f) Stem-final /w/ (§§92– 4) 117
(g) Apocope (§§95–9) 119
(h) Disyllabic nouns (§§100– 4) 122
IV an-declension (§§105–16) 124
1 Inflexions (§§106–15) 124
2 Allomorphic variation (§116) 129
V Minor declensions (§§117–31) 129
1 Minor a-plurals (§§117–21) 129
2 Mutation plurals (§§122–7) 132
3 Miscellanea (§§128–31) 136
VI Gender and declension (§§132– 43) 138
1 Gender (§§133–9) 138
2 Declension (§§140–3) 142
VII Nominal compounding (§§144 –7) 143
4 Adjectives, Adverbs and Numerals 146
I Introduction (§§1–3) 146
II Indefinite (strong) adjectives (§§4 –56) 147
1 Historical origins (§§4 –8) 147
2 Inflexions (§§9–20) 149
3 Allomorphic variation (§§21–56) 154
(a) Restoration of A (§§22– 4) 154
(b) Loss of [x] (§§25–30) 155
(c) Nominative singular in -e (§§31–5) 159
(d) Geminate consonants (§§36–7) 162
(e) Nominative singular masculine in -u (§§38–9) 162
(f) Nominative singular in -w (§40) 163
(g) Apocope (§§41–3) 164
(h) Disyllabic and polysyllabic stems (§§44 –52) 165
(i) Past participles (§§53–6) 171
III Definite (weak) adjectives (§§57–60) 172
1 Historical origins and inflexions (§§57–9) 172
2 Allomorphic variation (§60) 173
IV Comparison of adjectives (§§61–75) 174
1 Historical origins (§§61– 4) 174
2 Variation in Old English (§§65–75) 177
V Adverbs (§§76–9) 183
VI Numerals (§§80–91) 185
1 Cardinals (§§80–9) 185
2 Ordinals (§§90–1) 189
5 Pronouns 191
I Introduction (§§1–2) 191
II Demonstrative pronouns (§§3–13) 192
III The anaphoric pronoun (§§14 –17) 197
IV Interrogative pronouns (§§18–21) 200
V Personal pronouns (§§22–32) 202
VI Indefinite pronouns (§§33–7) 207
VII Other pronominal types (§§38–9) 209
6 Verbs 210
I Early background (§§1–5) 210
II Strong verbs (§§6–76) 213
1 Inflexions (§§6–30) 213
(a) Indicative present (§§11–20) 216
(b) Indicative preterite (§§21–2) 222
(c) Subjunctive (§§23–5) 223
(d) Imperative (§26) 224
(e) Non-finite forms (§§27–30) 224
2 Stems (§§31–76) 225
(a) Ablaut patterns (§§33–6) 227
(b) Variant stem types (§§37– 42) 231
(i) Weak presents (§37) 231
(ii) Contracted verbs (§§38– 41) 231
(iii) Alternations under Verner’s Law (§42) 234
(c) Classes of strong verbs (§§43–76) 234
(i) Class 1 (§§43–6) 234
(ii) Class 2 (§§47–50) 236
(iii) Class 3 (§§51–7) 239
(iv) Class 4 (§§58–60) 243
(v) Class 5 (§§61– 4) 246
(vi) Class 6 (§§65–8) 248
(vii) Class 7 (§§69–76) 251
III Weak verbs (§§77–130) 258
1 Weak class I (§§78–103) 258
(a) Inflexions (§§80–8) 260
(b) Stems (§§89–103) 265
(i) Stems with original geminate (§92) 266
(ii) Stems in dental consonant (§§93–5) 267
(iii) Stems in original final sonorant (§§96–8) 268
(iv) Contracted verbs with loss of [h] (§99) 272
(v) Stems in final velar consonant (§§100–3) 273
2 Weak class II (§§104 –20) 279
(a) Inflexions (§§106–13) 279
(b) Stems (§§114 –20) 284
3 Weak class III (§§121–30) 289
(a) Inflexions (§122–26) 290
(b) Stems (§§127–30) 294
IV Preterite-present verbs (§§131– 44) 299
1 Inflexion and classes (§§132– 40) 300
(a) Classes 1 and 2 (§§133– 4) 300
(b) Class 3 (§§135–6) 302
(c) Classes 4 and 5 (§§137–8) 303
(d) Classes 6 and 7 (§§139– 40) 305
2 Historical development (§§141– 4) 306
V Athematic verbs (§§145–63) 308
1 The verb bbon, wesan (§§146–51) 309
2 The verb ddn (§§152–5) 314
3 The verb gan (§§156–9) 317
4 The verb willan (§§160–3) 320
References 323
Word index 342
Subject index 383
