Search results for ""Author Phillip A. Laplante""

Book SynopsisWith breadth and depth of coverage, the Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, Second Edition has a multi-disciplinary scope, drawing together comprehensive coverage of the inter-related aspects of computer science and technology. The topics covered in this encyclopedia include: General and reference Hardware Computer systems organization Networks Software and its engineering Theory of computation Mathematics of computing Information systems Security and privacy Human-centered computing Computing methodologies Applied computing Professional issues Leading figures in the history of computer science The encyclopedia is structured according to the ACM Computing Classification System (CCS), first published in 1988 but subsequently revised in 2012. This classification system is the most comprehensive and is considered the de facto ontolo

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Book SynopsisTechnical Writing: A Practical Guide for Engineers, Scientists, and Nontechnical Professionals enables readers to write, edit, and publish materials of a technical nature, including books, articles, reports, and electronic media. Written by experienced practicing engineers, this guide complements traditional technical writing manuals through the presentation of firsthand examples that help readers understand practical considerations in writing and producing technical content. These examples illustrate how a publication originates as well as explain various challenges and solutions.The third edition features the following: New and updated exercises, examples, and case studies New content on software/systems documentation Treatment of plagiarism to incorporate issues in generative artificial intelligence (AI), open-access archiving, and more Coverage of popular writing and collaboration tools such as Grammarly, Overleaf, and Google Docs Increased conversation of writing for non-native English speakers Latest standards and research Written in an informal, conversational style, unlike traditional writing texts, this book contains many interesting vignettes and personal stories to add interest to otherwise stodgy lessons. It is aimed at students and professionals in the science and engineering domains.

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Book SynopsisTechnical Writing: A Practical Guide for Engineers, Scientists, and Nontechnical Professionals, Second Edition enables readers to write, edit, and publish materials of a technical nature, including books, articles, reports, and electronic media. Written by a renowned engineer and widely published technical author, this guide complements traditional writer's reference manuals on technical writing through presentation of first-hand examples that help readers understand practical considerations in writing and producing technical content. These examples illustrate how a publication originates as well as various challenges and solutions.The second edition contains new material in every chapter including new topics, additional examples, insights, tips and tricks, new vignettes and more exercises. Appendices have been added for writing checklists and writing samples. The references and glossary have been updated and expanded. In addition, a focus on writing for the nontechniTrade Review"Overall the book provides practical, actionable, information that can be used to improve anyone’s writing skills – technical or nontechnical. The author covers a wide variety of media used to convey technical information not only including books and journals, but also magazines, conference proceedings, newsletters, websites, and blogs. Rather than a boring cookbook style of writing, the author uses many stories, personal examples of his own writing, and visuals (graphs, tables, drawings) to convey good writing styles and practical information that will improve your writing.There are references and sample exercises at the end of each chapter for further study. The appendix also contains a list of templates for various types of documents Anyone interested in improving their writing skills and technical communication skills in general will find this book to be an invaluable and practical reference guide."—IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine June 2019 Issue"Overall the book provides practical, actionable, information that can be used to improve anyone’s writing skills – technical or nontechnical. The author covers a wide variety of media used to convey technical information not only including books and journals, but also magazines, conference proceedings, newsletters, websites, and blogs. Rather than a boring cookbook style of writing, the author uses many stories, personal examples of his own writing, and visuals (graphs, tables, drawings) to convey good writing styles and practical information that will improve your writing.There are references and sample exercises at the end of each chapter for further study. The appendix also contains a list of templates for various types of documents Anyone interested in improving their writing skills and technical communication skills in general will find this book to be an invaluable and practical reference guide."—IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine June 2019 IssueTable of Contents1. The Nature of Technical Writing. 2. Technical Writing Basics. 3. The Writing Process. 4. Scientific Writing. 5. Business Communications. 6. Technical Reporting. 7. Using Graphical Elements. 8. Publishing Your Work. 9. Writing For E-Media. 10: Writing with Collaborators. Appendix A: Writing Checklist. Appendix B: Writing Samples.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a practical approach to understanding, designing, and building sound software based on solid principles. Using a unique Q&A format, this book addresses the issues that engineers need to understand in order to successfully work with software engineers, develop specifications for quality software, and learn the basics of the most common programming languages, development approaches, and paradigms. The new edition is thoroughly updated to improve the pedagogical flow and emphasize new software engineering processes, practices, and tools that have emerged in every software engineering area.Features: Defines concepts and processes of software and software development, such as agile processes, requirements engineering, and software architecture, design, and construction. Uncovers and answers various misconceptions about the software development process and presents an up-to-date reflection on the state of practice in the indusTable of ContentsIntroduction, 1. The Profession of Software Engineering, 2. Software Properties, Processes, and Standards, 3. Software Requirements Engineering, 4. Software Architecture, 5. Designing Software, 6. Software Construction, 7. Software Quality Assurance, 8. Managing Software Projects and Software Engineers, 9. Software Engineering: Roadmap to the Future

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Book SynopsisThe leading text in the field explains step by step how to write software that responds in real time From power plants to medicine to avionics, the world increasingly depends on computer systems that can compute and respond to various excitations in real time. The Fourth Edition of Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis gives software designers the knowledge and the tools needed to create real-time software using a holistic, systems-based approach. The text covers computer architecture and organization, operating systems, software engineering, programming languages, and compiler theory, all from the perspective of real-time systems design. The Fourth Edition of this renowned text brings it thoroughly up to date with the latest technological advances and applications. This fully updated edition includes coverage of the following concepts: Multidisciplinary design challenges Time-triggered architectures ATable of ContentsPreface xv Acknowledgments xxi 1 Fundamentals of Real-Time Systems 1 1.1 Concepts and Misconceptions, 2 1.1.1 Definitions for Real-Time Systems, 2 1.1.2 Usual Misconceptions, 14 1.2 Multidisciplinary Design Challenges, 15 1.2.1 Influencing Disciplines, 16 1.3 Birth and Evolution of Real-Time Systems, 16 1.3.1 Diversifying Applications, 17 1.3.2 Advancements behind Modern Real-Time Systems, 19 1.4 Summary, 21 1.5 Exercises, 24 References, 25 2 Hardware for Real-Time Systems 27 2.1 Basic Processor Architecture, 28 2.1.1 Von Neumann Architecture, 29 2.1.2 Instruction Processing, 30 2.1.3 Input/Output and Interrupt Considerations, 33 2.2 Memory Technologies, 36 2.2.1 Different Classes of Memory, 36 2.2.2 Memory Access and Layout Issues, 38 2.2.3 Hierarchical Memory Organization, 41 2.3 Architectural Advancements, 43 2.3.1 Pipelined Instruction Processing, 45 2.3.2 Superscalar and Very Long Instruction Word Architectures, 46 2.3.3 Multi-Core Processors, 48 2.3.4 Complex Instruction Set versus Reduced Instruction Set, 50 2.4 Peripheral Interfacing, 52 2.4.1 Interrupt-Driven Input/Output, 53 2.4.2 Direct Memory Access, 56 2.4.3 Analog and Digital Input/Output, 58 2.5 Microprocessor versus Microcontroller, 62 2.5.1 Microprocessors, 62 2.5.2 Standard Microcontrollers, 64 2.5.3 Custom Microcontrollers, 66 2.6 Distributed Real-Time Architectures, 68 2.6.1 Fieldbus Networks, 68 2.6.2 Time-Triggered Architectures, 71 2.7 Summary, 73 2.8 Exercises, 74 References, 76 3 Real-Time Operating Systems 79 3.1 From Pseudokernels to Operating Systems, 80 3.1.1 Miscellaneous Pseudokernels, 82 3.1.2 Interrupt-Only Systems, 87 3.1.3 Preemptive Priority Systems, 90 3.1.4 Hybrid Scheduling Systems, 90 3.1.5 The Task Control Block Model, 95 3.2 Theoretical Foundations of Scheduling, 97 3.2.1 Scheduling Framework, 98 3.2.2 Round-Robin Scheduling, 99 3.2.3 Cyclic Code Scheduling, 100 3.2.4 Fixed-Priority Scheduling: Rate-Monotonic Approach, 102 3.2.5 Dynamic Priority Scheduling: Earliest Deadline First Approach, 104 3.3 System Services for Application Programs, 106 3.3.1 Linear Buffers, 107 3.3.2 Ring Buffers, 109 3.3.3 Mailboxes, 110 3.3.4 Semaphores, 112 3.3.5 Deadlock and Starvation Problems, 114 3.3.6 Priority Inversion Problem, 118 3.3.7 Timer and Clock Services, 122 3.3.8 Application Study: A Real-Time Structure, 123 3.4 Memory Management Issues, 127 3.4.1 Stack and Task Control Block Management, 127 3.4.2 Multiple-Stack Arrangement, 128 3.4.3 Memory Management in the Task Control Block Model, 129 3.4.4 Swapping, Overlaying, and Paging, 130 3.5 Selecting Real-Time Operating Systems, 133 3.5.1 Buying versus Building, 134 3.5.2 Selection Criteria and a Metric for Commercial Real-Time Operating Systems, 135 3.5.3 Case Study: Selecting a Commercial Real-Time Operating System, 138 3.5.4 Supplementary Criteria for Multi-Core and Energy-Aware Support, 140 3.6 Summary, 142 3.7 Exercises, 143 References, 146 4 Programming Languages for Real-Time Systems 149 4.1 Coding of Real-Time Software, 150 4.1.1 Fitness of a Programming Language for Real-Time Applications, 151 4.1.2 Coding Standards for Real-Time Software, 152 4.2 Assembly Language, 154 4.3 Procedural Languages, 156 4.3.1 Modularity and Typing Issues, 156 4.3.2 Parameter Passing and Dynamic Memory Allocation, 157 4.3.3 Exception Handling, 159 4.3.4 Cardelli’s Metrics and Procedural Languages, 161 4.4 Object-Oriented Languages, 162 4.4.1 Synchronizing Objects and Garbage Collection, 162 4.4.2 Cardelli’s Metrics and Object-Oriented Languages, 164 4.4.3 Object-Oriented versus Procedural Languages, 165 4.5 Overview of Programming Languages, 167 4.5.1 Ada, 167 4.5.2 C, 169 4.5.3 C++, 170 4.5.4 C#, 171 4.5.5 Java, 172 4.5.6 Real-Time Java, 174 4.5.7 Special Real-Time Languages, 177 4.6 Automatic Code Generation, 178 4.6.1 Toward Production-Quality Code, 178 4.6.2 Remaining Challenges, 180 4.7 Compiler Optimizations of Code, 181 4.7.1 Standard Optimization Techniques, 182 4.7.2 Additional Optimization Considerations, 188 4.8 Summary, 192 4.9 Exercises, 193 References, 195 5 Requirements Engineering Methodologies 197 5.1 Requirements Engineering for Real-Time Systems, 198 5.1.1 Requirements Engineering as a Process, 198 5.1.2 Standard Requirement Classes, 199 5.1.3 Specifi cation of Real-Time Software, 201 5.2 Formal Methods in System Specification, 202 5.2.1 Limitations of Formal Methods, 205 5.2.2 Finite State Machines, 205 5.2.3 Statecharts, 210 5.2.4 Petri Nets, 213 5.3 Semiformal Methods in System Specification, 217 5.3.1 Structured Analysis and Structured Design, 218 5.3.2 Object-Oriented Analysis and the Unified Modeling Language, 221 5.3.3 Recommendations on Specification Approach, 224 5.4 The Requirements Document, 225 5.4.1 Structuring and Composing Requirements, 226 5.4.2 Requirements Validation, 228 5.5 Summary, 232 5.6 Exercises, 233 5.7 Appendix 1: Case Study in Software Requirements Specification, 235 5.7.1 Introduction, 235 5.7.2 Overall Description, 238 5.7.3 Specific Requirements, 245 References, 265 6 Software Design Approaches 267 6.1 Qualities of Real-Time Software, 268 6.1.1 Eight Qualities from Reliability to Verifiability, 269 6.2 Software Engineering Principles, 275 6.2.1 Seven Principles from Rigor and Formality to Traceability, 275 6.2.2 The Design Activity, 281 6.3 Procedural Design Approach, 284 6.3.1 Parnas Partitioning, 284 6.3.2 Structured Design, 286 6.3.3 Design in Procedural Form Using Finite State Machines, 292 6.4 Object-Oriented Design Approach, 293 6.4.1 Advantages of Object Orientation, 293 6.4.2 Design Patterns, 295 6.4.3 Design Using the Unified Modeling Language, 298 6.4.4 Object-Oriented versus Procedural Approaches, 301 6.5 Life Cycle Models, 302 6.5.1 Waterfall Model, 303 6.5.2 V-Model, 305 6.5.3 Spiral Model, 306 6.5.4 Agile Methodologies, 307 6.6 Summary, 311 6.7 Exercises, 312 6.8 Appendix 1: Case Study in Designing Real-Time Software, 314 6.8.1 Introduction, 314 6.8.2 Overall Description, 315 6.8.3 Design Decomposition, 316 6.8.4 Requirements Traceability, 371 References, 375 7 Performance Analysis Techniques 379 7.1 Real-Time Performance Analysis, 380 7.1.1 Theoretical Preliminaries, 380 7.1.2 Arguments Related to Parallelization, 382 7.1.3 Execution Time Estimation from Program Code, 385 7.1.4 Analysis of Polled-Loop and Coroutine Systems, 391 7.1.5 Analysis of Round-Robin Systems, 392 7.1.6 Analysis of Fixed-Period Systems, 394 7.1.7 Analysis of Nonperiodic Systems, 396 7.2 Applications of Queuing Theory, 398 7.2.1 Single-Server Queue Model, 398 7.2.2 Arrival and Processing Rates, 400 7.2.3 Buffer Size Calculation, 401 7.2.4 Response Time Modeling, 402 7.2.5 Other Results from Queuing Theory, 403 7.3 Input/Output Performance, 405 7.3.1 Buffer Size Calculation for Time-Invariant Bursts, 405 7.3.2 Buffer Size Calculation for Time-Variant Bursts, 406 7.4 Analysis of Memory Requirements, 408 7.4.1 Memory Utilization Analysis, 408 7.4.2 Optimizing Memory Usage, 410 7.5 Summary, 411 7.6 Exercises, 413 References, 415 8 Additional Considerations for the Practitioner 417 8.1 Metrics in Software Engineering, 418 8.1.1 Lines of Source Code, 419 8.1.2 Cyclomatic Complexity, 420 8.1.3 Halstead’s Metrics, 421 8.1.4 Function Points, 423 8.1.5 Feature Points, 427 8.1.6 Metrics for Object-Oriented Software, 428 8.1.7 Criticism against Software Metrics, 428 8.2 Predictive Cost Modeling, 429 8.2.1 Basic COCOMO 81, 429 8.2.2 Intermediate and Detailed COCOMO 81, 431 8.2.3 COCOMO II, 433 8.3 Uncertainty in Real-Time Systems, 433 8.3.1 The Three Dimensions of Uncertainty, 434 8.3.2 Sources of Uncertainty, 435 8.3.3 Identifying Uncertainty, 437 8.3.4 Dealing with Uncertainty, 438 8.4 Design for Fault Tolerance, 438 8.4.1 Spatial Fault-Tolerance, 440 8.4.2 Software Black Boxes, 443 8.4.3 N-Version Programming, 443 8.4.4 Built-in-Test Software, 444 8.4.5 Spurious and Missed Interrupts, 447 8.5 Software Testing and Systems Integration, 447 8.5.1 Testing Techniques, 448 8.5.2 Debugging Approaches, 454 8.5.3 System-Level Testing, 456 8.5.4 Systems Integration, 458 8.5.5 Testing Patterns and Exploratory Testing, 462 8.6 Performance Optimization Techniques, 465 8.6.1 Scaled Numbers for Faster Execution, 465 8.6.2 Look-Up Tables for Functions, 467 8.6.3 Real-Time Device Drivers, 468 8.7 Summary, 470 8.8 Exercises, 471 References, 473 9 Future Visions on Real-Time Systems 477 9.1 Vision: Real-Time Hardware, 479 9.1.1 Heterogeneous Soft Multi-Cores, 481 9.1.2 Architectural Issues with Individual Soft Cores, 483 9.1.3 More Advanced Fieldbus Networks and Simpler Distributed Nodes, 484 9.2 Vision: Real-Time Operating Systems, 485 9.2.1 One Coordinating System Task and Multiple Isolated Application Tasks, 486 9.2.2 Small, Platform Independent Virtual Machines, 487 9.3 Vision: Real-Time Programming Languages, 488 9.3.1 The UML++ as a Future “Programming Language”, 489 9.4 Vision: Real-Time Systems Engineering, 491 9.4.1 Automatic Verification of Software, 491 9.4.2 Conservative Requirements Engineering, 492 9.4.3 Distance Collaboration in Software Projects, 492 9.4.4 Drag-and-Drop Systems, 493 9.5 Vision: Real-Time Applications, 493 9.5.1 Local Networks of Collaborating Real-Time Systems, 494 9.5.2 Wide Networks of Collaborating Real-Time Systems, 495 9.5.3 Biometric Identification Device with Remote Access, 495 9.5.4 Are There Any Threats behind High-Speed Wireless Communications?, 497 9.6 Summary, 497 9.7 Exercises, 499 References, 500 Glossary 503 About the Authors 535 Index 537

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Book Synopsis1. One Instruction Set Computing.- 1.1 What is One Instruction Set Computing?.- 1.2 Why Study OISC?.- 1.3 A Look Ahead.- 1.4 Exercises.- 2 Instruction Sets.- 2.1 Elements of an Instruction.- 2.2 Operands.- 2.3 Instruction Formats.- 2.4 Core Set of Instructions.- 2.5 Addressing Modes.- 2.6 Exercises.- 3 Types of Computer Architectures.- 3.1 Overview.- 3.2 A Simple Taxonomy.- 3.3 Accumulator.- 3.4 Register-Memory.- 3.5 Register-Oriented.- 3.6 Exercises.- 4 Evolution of Instruction Sets.- 4.1 Motivation.- 4.2 Evolution of Microprocessors.- 4.3 Timeline.- 4.4 Exercises.- 5 CISC, RISC, OISC.- 5.1 CISC versus RISC.- 5.2 Is OISC a CISC or RISC?.- 5.3 Processor Complexity.- 5.4 Exercises.- 6 OISC Architectures.- 6.1 Single Instruction Types.- 6.2 MOVE.- 6.3 Comparing OISC Models.- 6.4 Variants of SBN and MOVE.- 6.5 OISC Continuum.- 6.6 Exercises.- 7 Historical Review of OISC.- 7.1 Subtract and Branch if Negative (SBN).- 7.2 MOVE-based.- 7.3 Timeline.- 7.4 Exercises.- 8 Instruction Set Completeness.- 8.1 Instruction Set Completeness.- 8.2 A Practical Approach to Determining Completeness.- 8.3 Completeness of Two OISCs.- 8.4 Exercises.- 9 OISC Mappings.- 9.1 Mapping OISC to Conventional Architectures.- 9.2 Synthesizing Instructions.- 9.3 Code Fragments.- 9.4 Implementing OISC using OISC.- 9.5 Exercises.- 10 Parallel Architectures.- 10.1 Von Neumann Bottleneck.- 10.2 Parallel Processing.- 10.3 Flynn's Taxonomy for Parallelism.- 10.4 Exercises.- 11 Applications and Implementations.- 11.1 OlSC-like Phenomena.- 11.2 Field Programmable Gate Arrays.- 11.3 Applications.- 11.4 Image Processing.- 11.5 Future Work with OISC.- 11.6 Exercises.- Appendix A: A Generic Microprocessor and OISC.- Appendix B: One Instruction Set Computer Implementation.- B.1 6502 Opcodes Summary.- B.2 6502Opcodes Mapped to MOVE OISC.- B.3 6502 Addressing as MOVE-based OISC.- B.4 6502 Addressing Modes and MOVE-based OISC.- Appendix C: Dilation Code Implementation.- Appendix D: Compiler Output for Dilation.- Appendix E: OISC Equivalent of Dilation.- References.- About the Authors.Trade Review`This book gives a fine introduction to basic computer architecture. A few years ago, this book would have interested only graduate computer science and engineering students. These days, some high school students even create Linux clusters, and interest in it may be even more widespread.' R.P. Sarna, Maine Maritime Academy in Choice, December 2003Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. - 1: One Instruction Set Computing. 1.1. What is One Instruction Set Computing? 1.2. Why Study OISC? 1.3. A Look Ahead. 1.4. Exercises. 2: Instruction Sets. 2.1. Elements of an Instruction. 2.2. Operands. 2.3. Instruction Formats. 2.4. Core Set of Instructions. 2.5. Addressing Modes. 2.6. Exercises. - 3: Types of Computer Architecture. 3.1. Overview. 3.2.A Simple Taxonomy. 3.3. Accumulator. 3.4. Register-Memory. 3.5. Register-Oriented. 3.6. Exercises. - 4: Evolution of Instruction Sets. 4.1. Motivation. 4.2. Evolution of Microprocessors. 4.3. Timeline. 4.4. Exercises. - 5: CISC, RISC, OISC. 5.1. CISC versus RISC. 5.2. Is OISC a CISC or a RISC? 5.3. Processor Complexity. 5.4. Exercises. - 6: OISC Architectures. 6.1. Single Instruction Types. 6.2. MOVE. 6.3. Comparing OISC Models. 6.4. Variants of SBN and MOVE. 6.5. OISC Continuum. 6.6. Exercises. - 7: Historical Review of OISC. 7.1. Subtract and Branch if Negative (SBN). 7.2. MOVE-Based. 7.3. Timeline. 7.4. Exercises. - 8: Instruction Set Completeness. 8.1. Instruction Set Completeness. 8.2. A Practical Approach to Determining Completeness. 8.3. Completeness of Two OISCs. 8.4. Exercises. - 9: OISC Mappings. 9.1. Mapping OISC to Conventional Architectures. 9.2. Synthesizing Instructions. 9.3. Code Fragments. 9.4. Implementing OISC Using OISC. 9.5. Exercises. - 10: Parallel Architectures. 10.1. Von Neumann Bottleneck. 10.2. Parallel Processing. 10.3. Flynn's Taxonomy for Parallelism. 10.4. Exercises. - 11: Applications and Implementations. 11.1. OISC-Like Phenomena. 11.2. Field Programmable Gate Arrays. 11.3. Applications. 11.4. Image Processing. 11.5. Future Work with OISC. 11.6. Exercises. - Appendix A: A Generic Microprocessor and OISC. - Appendix B: One Instruction Set Computer Implementation. - Appendix C: Dilation Code Implementation. - Appendix D: Compiler Output for Dilation. - Appendix E: OISC Equivalent of Dilation. Glossary. References. Index. About the Authors.

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