{"product_id":"wood-in-construction-9780470657775","title":"Wood in Construction","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWood in Construction - How to Avoid Costly Mistakes focuses on the basic principles and appropriate use of wood in construction and illustrates how to avoid or minimise problems, to ensure that wood performs as expected when used in a construction application.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface x  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Wood as a Material 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Cellulose 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Grain 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Dimensional change in wood 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Heartwood and sapwood 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Natural durability 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Rays 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Radial and tangential directions 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Permeability in timber 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Chapter summary 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 More on Timber: Some Stuff About the UK Timber Trade 18\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 'Wood' or 'timber'? 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Wood species and timber trading 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Softwoods and hardwoods 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Some more detail on cell structure 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Trade names and scientific names 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 A cautionary tale about timber names 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Growth rings 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Earlywood and latewood 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Rate of growth in softwoods 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Rate of growth in hardwoods 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Chapter summary 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Water in Wood: Moisture Content and the Drying of Timber 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The definition of moisture content 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Moisture meters 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 'Wet' or 'dry'? In-service moisture contents and 'EMC' 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 EMC 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Specification of desired moisture content 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Fibre saturation point 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Shrinkage 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Movement 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Kiln drying 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Air drying 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Timescales for drying timber 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Chapter summary 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Specifying Timber – for Indoor or Outdoor Uses 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 British and European standards 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Durability and treatability of different wood species 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Use classes 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Examples of timbers employed in different use classes 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Hazard and risk – and their relative importance 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Use Class 1 – examples 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Use Class 2 – examples 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Use Class 3 – examples 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Use Class 4 – examples 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Use Class 5 – examples 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Chapter summary 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Quality of Timber: Grading for Appearance 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The need for grading 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 ‘Quality’ or ‘grade’? 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Quality 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Grade 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The different types of grading 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Appearance grading 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Appearance grading: based on defects 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Scandinavian grades 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Unsorted, fifths and sixths 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Russian softwood qualities 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 European appearance grading 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 North American softwood appearance grades 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 Clears, merchantable and commons 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 A comparison of Scandinavian grades and North American grades 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15 Appearance grading: based on ‘cuttings’ 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16 The NHLA grades 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17 FAS, selects and commons 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18 Selects 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19 'F1F' 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.20 Prime and Comsel grades 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.21 Malaysian grades 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.22 Prime, select and standard 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.23 'PHND', 'BHND' or 'sound' 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.24 Rules are made to be bent! (within reason) 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.25 Shipper's usual 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.26 BS EN 942: the quality of timber in joinery 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.27 J classes 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.28 'Exposed face' 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.29 Chapter summary 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Strength Grading and Strength Classes of Timber 104\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Appearance versus strength 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Visual strength grades 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 GS and SS strength grades 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Strength classes for softwoods 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 BS EN 1912 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 SC3, SC4: C16 and C24 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Machine grading 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Other strength grades: Europe and North America 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Select structural, No. 1 and No. 2 structural and stud grades 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 TR26 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Specifying the strength class or the wood species: some things to think about 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Hardwood strength grades 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Tropical hardwoods 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Temperate hardwoods 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 The ‘Size effect’ 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 Hardwood strength classes 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 The marking of strength graded timber 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18 Chapter summary 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Wood Preservatives and Wood Finishes 122\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Treat the timber last! 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Wood preservative types 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 'Old' and 'new' types of treatments 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 The basic methods of timber treatment 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Low pressure treatment 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 High pressure treatment 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Preservative chemicals 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 CCA preservatives 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 The 'environmentally-friendly' preservatives 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 'Tanalised' timber 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Organic compounds 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 'Treated' timber 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 'Wood finishes' 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Wood in exterior uses 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.15 Exterior finishes 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16 Varnish – and paint 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.17 'Microporous' exterior stains and paints 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.18 Non-film-forming finishes 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.19 Exterior paints 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.20 The durability of exterior finishes 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.21 The effects of lighter or darker colours 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.22 Chapter summary 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Principal Softwoods Used in the UK 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 European redwood ( \u003ci\u003ePinus sylvestris\u003c\/i\u003e ) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 European whitewood (mostly \u003ci\u003ePicea abies\u003c\/i\u003e ) 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Sitka spruce ( \u003ci\u003ePicea sitchensis\u003c\/i\u003e ) 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Western hemlock ( \u003ci\u003eTsuga heterophylla\u003c\/i\u003e ) 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 'Douglas fir' ( \u003ci\u003ePseudotsuga menziesii\u003c\/i\u003e ) 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Larch (mainly \u003ci\u003eLarix decidua\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eL. kaempferi\/L. leptolepis\u003c\/i\u003e ) 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 'Western red cedar' ( \u003ci\u003eThuja plicata\u003c\/i\u003e ) 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Southern pine ( \u003ci\u003ePinus spp\u003c\/i\u003e – principally \u003ci\u003ePinus elliottii\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eP. palustris\u003c\/i\u003e ) 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Yellow pine ( \u003ci\u003ePinus strobus\u003c\/i\u003e ) 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 'Parana pine' ( \u003ci\u003eAraucaria angustifolia\u003c\/i\u003e ) 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Species groups 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Spruce-pine-fir 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Hem-fir 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Douglas fir-larch 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 A Selection of Hardwoods Used in the UK 150\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Ash, American ( \u003ci\u003eFraxinus spp\u003c\/i\u003e ) 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Ash, European ( \u003ci\u003eFraxinus excelsior\u003c\/i\u003e ) 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Beech, European ( \u003ci\u003eFagus sylvatica\u003c\/i\u003e ) 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Birch, European (mainly \u003ci\u003eBetula pubescens\u003c\/i\u003e ) 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Cherry, American ( \u003ci\u003ePrunus serotina\u003c\/i\u003e ) 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Chestnut, Sweet ( \u003ci\u003eCastanea sativa\u003c\/i\u003e ) 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Ekki ( \u003ci\u003eLophira alata\u003c\/i\u003e ) 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Greenheart ( \u003ci\u003eOcotea rodiaei\u003c\/i\u003e ) 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Idigbo ( \u003ci\u003eTerminalia ivorensis\u003c\/i\u003e ) 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Iroko ( \u003ci\u003eMilicia excelsa\u003c\/i\u003e ) 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Keruing ( \u003ci\u003eDipterocarpus spp\u003c\/i\u003e .) 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Mahogany, African ( \u003ci\u003eKhaya ivorensis and K. anthotheca\u003c\/i\u003e ) 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Mahogany, American ( \u003ci\u003eSwietenia macrophylla\u003c\/i\u003e ) 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Maple ( \u003ci\u003eAcer saccharum\u003c\/i\u003e ) 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.15 Meranti ( \u003ci\u003eShorea spp\u003c\/i\u003e .) 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.16 Oak, American red (principally \u003ci\u003eQuercus rubra\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eQ. falcata\u003c\/i\u003e ) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.17 Oak, American white (principally \u003ci\u003eQuercus alba, Q. prinus, Q. lyrata\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eQ. michauxii\u003c\/i\u003e ) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18 Oak, European (mainly \u003ci\u003eQuercus robur\u003c\/i\u003e ) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19 Obeche ( \u003ci\u003eTriplochiton scleroxylon\u003c\/i\u003e ) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.20 Opepe ( \u003ci\u003eNauclea diderrichii\u003c\/i\u003e ) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21 Sapele ( \u003ci\u003eEntandrophragma cylindricum\u003c\/i\u003e ) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.22 Tatajuba ( \u003ci\u003eBagassa guianensis\u003c\/i\u003e ) 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.23 Teak ( \u003ci\u003eTectona grandis\u003c\/i\u003e ) 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.24 Utile ( \u003ci\u003eEntandrophragma utile\u003c\/i\u003e ) 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.25 Walnut, American ( \u003ci\u003eJuglans nigra\u003c\/i\u003e ) 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26 Walnut, European ( \u003ci\u003eJuglans regia\u003c\/i\u003e ) 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.27 Whitewood, American, or Tulipwood ( \u003ci\u003eLiriodendron tulipifera\u003c\/i\u003e ) 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Wood-based Sheet Materials 164\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Plywood 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The two fundamental properties of plywood 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Basic types of plywood 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Conifer plywoods 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Temperate hardwood plywoods 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Tropical hardwood plywoods 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Plywood glue bond and ‘WBP’ 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Exterior 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Adhesives used in plywood 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 BS 1088 marine plywood 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Plywood face quality 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Appearance grading of face veneers 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.13 Conifer plywood appearance grades 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.14 Temperate hardwood plywood appearance grades 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.15 Tropical hardwood plywood appearance grades 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.16 Particleboards and wood chipboard 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.17 Flaxboard and bagasse board 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.18 OSB 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.19 Fibreboards 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.20 Hardboard, medium board and softboard 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.21 MDF 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.22 Chapter summary 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices 186\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 A Glossary of Wood and Timber Terms Used in the Timber and Construction Industries 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 A Select Bibliography of Some Useful Technical References About Wood 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Some Helpful Technical, Advisory and Trade Bodies Concerned with Timber 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 202\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49525384610135,"sku":"9780470657775","price":40.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470657775.jpg?v=1731860312","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/wood-in-construction-9780470657775","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}