{"product_id":"water-centric-sustainable-communities-9780470476086","title":"Water Centric Sustainable Communities","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe current literature compartmentalizes the complex issue of water and wastewater into its discrete components; technology, planning, policy, construction, economics, etc. Considered from the perspective of sustainability, however, water in the urban environment must be approached as a single resource that can be continuously reused and recycled. This book will be the first to capture all of the current work on this idea in a single, integrated, plan for designing the water-centric cities of the future. From new construction to the retrofitting of existing systems, this book presents the case for a new urban relationship to water, one with a more sustainableconnection tothe environment and the hydrological cycle. Through case studies of successfully planned and built systems around the world, the book will educate the reader about the need for a new approach to urban water management, and make the case that these changes are not only possible but imperative.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI HISTORIC PARADIGMS OF URBAN WATERSTORMWATER WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND DRIVERS FOR CHANGE 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2 Historic Paradigms: From Ancient Cities to the 20th Century 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2.1 First Paradigm 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2.2 Second Paradigm 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2.3 Third Paradigm 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2.4 Fourth Paradigm 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2.5 The Impact of Automobile Use 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2.6 Urban Sprawl 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.2.7 The Rise of New Great Powers Competing for Resources 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.3 Drivers for Change towards Sustainability 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.3.1 Population Increases and Pressures 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.3.2 Water Scarcity Problems and Flooding Challenges of Large Cities 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.3.3 Greenhouse Emissions and Global Warming Effects 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.3.4 Aging Infrastructure and the Need to Rebuild and Retrofit 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.3.5 The Impossibility of Maintaining the Status Quo and Business as Usual 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI.4 The 21st Century and Beyond 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII URBAN SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS 72\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.1 The Vision of Sustainability 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2 The Sustainability Concept and Definitions 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.1 A New (Fifth) Paradigm Is Needed 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.2 Definition of Pollution 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.3 Sustainability Definitions 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.4 Economic versus Resources Preservation Sustainability 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.5 Sustainability Components 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.6 The Environment and Ecology 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.7 Living within the Limits in the Urban Landscape 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.2.8 The Economy 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.3 Towards the Fifth Paradigm of Sustainability 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.3.1 Emerging Sustainable Urban Water Stormwater Used Water Systems 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.3.2 Triple Bottom Line—Life Cycle Assessment (TBL—LCA) 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.3.3 Water Reclamation and Reuse 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.3.4 Restoring Urban Streams 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.3.5 Stormwater Pollution and Flood Abatement 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.3.6 Urban Landscape 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.4 Cities of the Future—Water Centric Ecocities 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.4.1 Drainage and Water Management 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.4.2 Microscale Measures and Macroscale Watershed Goals 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.4.3 Integrated Resource Management Clusters—Ecoblocks of the Cities of the Future 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.4.4 Interconnectivity of Clusters—Spatial Integration 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII.5 Ecocity Ecovillage Concepts 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT CITIES: THEORIES, STRATEGIES, AND BEST PRACTICES FOR GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.1 Introduction 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.1.1 Achieving Sustainability 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.1.2 Sustainability through Urban Planning and Design 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.2 Ecosystem Services 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.2.1 Concepts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.2.2 The Non-Equilibrium Paradigm 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.3 Planning for Resilient and Sustainable Cities 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.3.1 Ecosystem Service Goals and Assessments 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.3.2 Resilience Strategies 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.3.3 Scenario Planning 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.3.4 Transdisciplinary Process 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.3.5 Adaptive Planning 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.4 Best Practices for Green Infrastructure 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.4.1 SEA Street Seattle 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.4.2 Westergasfabriek Park, Amsterdam 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.4.3 Staten Island Blue Belt, New York 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.4.4 Ecostaden (Ecocities): Augustenborg Neighborhood and Western Harbor, Malm¨o, Sweden 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII.5 Discussion 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV STORMWATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND FLOOD CONTROL—STORMWATER AS A RESOURCE 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.1 Urban Stormwater—A Problem or an Asset? 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.1.1 Problems with Urban Stormwater 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.1.2 Current Urban Drainage 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.1.3 Urban Stormwater Is an Asset and a Resource 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.1.4 Low Impact Development (LID) 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.2 Best Management Practices to Control Urban Runoff for Reuse 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.2.1 Soft Surface Approaches 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.2.2 Ponds and Wetlands 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.2.3 Winter Limitations on Stormwater Management and Use 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.2.4 Hard Infrastructure 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV.2.5 ID Urban Drainage—A Step to the Cities of the Future 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV WATER DEMAND AND CONSERVATION 228\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.1 Water Use 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.1.1 Water on Earth 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.1.2 Water Use Fundamentals 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.1.3 Municipal Water Use in the U.S. and Worldwide 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.1.4 Components of Municipal Water Use 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.1.5 Virtual Water 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.2 Water Conservation 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.2.1 Definition of Water Conservation 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.2.2 Residential Water Use 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.2.3 Commercial and Public Water Use and Conservation 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.2.4 Leaks and Other Losses 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.3 Substitute and Supplemental Water Sources 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.3.1 Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.3.2 Gray Water Reclamation and Reuse as a Source of New Water 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.3.3 Desalination of Seawater and Brackish Water 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV.3.4 Urban Stormwater and Other Freshwater Flows as Sources of Water 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVI WATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE 272\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.1 Introduction 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.2 Water Reclamation and Reuse 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.2.1 The Concept 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.2.2 Reclaiming Rainwater and Stormwater 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.2.3 Water-Sewage-Water Cycle—Unintended Reuse 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.2.4 Centralized versus Decentralized Reclamation 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.2.5 Cluster Water Reclamation Units 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.3 Water Quality Goals and Limits for Selecting Technologies 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.3.1 Concepts 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.3.2 Landscape and Agricultural Irrigation 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.3.3 Urban Uses Other Than Irrigation and Potable Water Supply 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.3.4 Potable Reuse 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.3.5 Groundwater Recharge 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI.3.6 Integrated Reclamation and Reuse—Singapore 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVII TREATMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY UNIT PROCESSES 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.1 Brief Description of Traditional Water and Resource Reclamation Technologies 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.1.1 Basic Requirements 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.1.2 Considering Source Separation 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.1.3 Low-Energy Secondary Treatment 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.1.4 New Developments in Biological Treatment 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.2 Sludge Handling and Resource Recovery 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.2.1 Types of Solids Produced in the Water Reclamation Process 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.2.2 A New Look at Residual Solids (Sludge) as a Resource 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.3 Nutrient Recovery 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.4 Membrane Filtration and Reverse Osmosis 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.5 Disinfection 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.6 Energy and GHG Emission Issues in Water Reclamation Plants 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.7 Evaluation and Selection of Decentralized Water Reclamation Technologies 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII.7.1 Closed Cycle Water Reclamation 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVIII ENERGY AND URBAN WATER SYSTEMS—TOWARDS NET ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT 358\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.1 Interconnection of Water and Energy 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.1.1 Use of Water and Disposal of Used Water Require Energy and Emit GHGs 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.1.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Areas 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.1.3 The Water-Energy Nexus on the Regional and Cluster Scale 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.1.4 Net Zero Carbon Footprint Goal for High-Performance Buildings and Developments 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.2 Energy Conservation in Buildings and Ecoblocks  71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.2.1 Energy Considerations Related to Water 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.2.2 Heat Recovery from Used Water 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.3 Energy from Renewable Sources 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.3.1 Solar Energy 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.3.2 Wind Power 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.4 Energy from Used Water and Waste Organic Solids 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.4.1 Fundamentals 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.4.2 Biogas Production, Composition, and Energy Content 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.4.3 Small and Medium Biogas Production Operations 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.4.4 Anaerobic Upflow Reactor 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.5 Direct Electric Energy Production from Biogas and Used Water 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.5.1 Hydrogen Fuel Cells 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.5.2 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.5.3 Harnessing the Hydraulic Energy of Water Used Water Systems 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.6 Summary and a Look into the Future 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.6.1 A New Look at the Used Water Reclamation Processes 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.6.2 Integrated Resource Recovery Facilities 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.7 Overall Energy Outlook—Anticipating the Future 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.7.1 A Look into the Future 20 or More Years Ahead 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII.7.2 Is Storage a Problem?  421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIX RESTORING URBAN STREAMS 427\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.1 Introduction 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.1.1 Rediscovering Urban Streams 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.1.2 Definitions 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.2 Adverse Impacts of Urbanization to Be Remedied 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.2.1 Types of Pollution 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.2.2 Determining Main Impact Stressors to Be Fixed by Restoration 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.2.3 Effluent Dominated and Effluent Dependent Urban Water Bodies 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.3 Water Body Restoration in the Context of Future Water Centric (Eco) Cities 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.3.1 Goals 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.3.2 Regionalized versus Cluster-Based Distributed Systems 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.3.3 New Developments and Retrofitting Older Cities 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX.4 Summary and Conclusions 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eX PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FUTURE COMMUNITIES 482\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.1 Integrated Planning and Management 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.1.1 Introduction 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.1.2 Footprints 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.2 Urban Planning 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.2.1 Ecocity Parameters and Demographics—Population Density Matters 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.3 Integrated Resources Management (IRM) 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.3.1 Sustainability 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.4 Clusters and Ecoblocks—Distributed Systems 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.4.1 The Need to Decentralize Urban WaterStormwaterUsed Water Management 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.4.2 Distribution of Resource Recovery, Reclamation and Management Tasks 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.4.3 Cluster Creation and Size 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.4.4 Types of WaterEnergy Reclamations and Creation of a Sustainable Urban Area 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.5 System Analysis and Modeling of Sustainable Cities 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.5.1 Complexity of the System and Modeling 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.5.2 Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Assessment 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.6 Institutions 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.6.1 Institutions for Integrated Resource Management 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.6.2 Enhanced Private Sector 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX.6.3 Achieving Multibenefit System Objectives 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eXI ECOCITIES: EVALUATION AND SYNTHESIS 539\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.1 Introduction 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2 Case Studies 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.1 Hammarby Sjöstad, Sweden 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.2 Dongtan, China 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.3 Qingdao (China) Ecoblock and Ecocity 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.4 Tianjin (China) 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.5 Masdar (UAE) 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.6 Treasure Island (California, U.S.) 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.7 Sonoma Mountain Village (California, U.S.) 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.2.8 Dockside Green 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXI.3 Brief Summary 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAPPENDIX 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 597\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default 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